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Caverzan MD, Ibarra LE. Advancing glioblastoma treatment through iron metabolism: A focus on TfR1 and Ferroptosis innovations. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134777. [PMID: 39153669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) represents a formidable challenge in oncology, characterized by aggressive proliferation and poor prognosis. Iron metabolism plays a critical player in GBM progression, with dysregulated iron uptake and utilization contributing to tumor growth and therapeutic resistance. Iron's pivotal role in DNA synthesis, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis underscores its significance in GBM pathogenesis. Elevated expression of iron transporters, such as transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), highlights the tumor's reliance on iron for survival. Innovative treatment strategies targeting iron dysregulation hold promise for overcoming therapeutic challenges in GBM management. Approaches such as iron chelation therapies, induction of ferroptosis to nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems exploit iron-dependent vulnerabilities, offering avenues for enhance treatment efficacy and improve patient outcomes. As research advances, understanding the complexities of iron-mediated carcinogenesis provides a foundation for developing precision medicine approaches tailored to combat GBM effectively. This review explores the intricate relationship between iron metabolism and GBM, elucidating its multifaceted implications and therapeutic opportunities. By consolidating the latest insights into iron metabolism in GBM, this review underscores its potential as a therapeutic target for improving patient care in combination with the standard of care approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías D Caverzan
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto (UNRC) y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto X5800BIA, Argentina; Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Rio Cuarto X5800BIA, Argentina
| | - Luis E Ibarra
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Rio Cuarto X5800BIA, Argentina; Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto (UNRC) y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rio Cuarto X5800BIA, Argentina.
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Fu D, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Hu S. A novel prognostic signature and therapy guidance for hepatocellular carcinoma based on STEAP family. BMC Med Genomics 2024; 17:16. [PMID: 38191397 PMCID: PMC10775544 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01789-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate (STEAP) family members are known to be involved in various tumor-related biological processes and showed its huge potential role in tumor immunotherapy. METHODS Biological differences were investigated through Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and tumor microenvironment analysis by CIBERSORT. Tumor mutation burden (TMB), immunotherapy response and chemotherapeutic drugs sensitivity were estimated in R. RESULTS We established a prognostic signature with the formula: risk score = STEAP1 × 0.3994 + STEAP4 × (- 0.7596), which had a favorable concordance with the prediction. The high-risk group were enriched in cell cycle and RNA and protein synthesis related pathways, while the low-risk group were enriched in complement and metabolic related pathways. And the risk score was significantly correlated with immune cell infiltration. Most notably, the patients in the low-risk group were characterized with increased TMB and decreased tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) score, indicating that these patients showed better immune checkpoint blockade response. Meanwhile, we found the patients with high-risk were more sensitive to some drugs related to cell cycle and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS The novel signature based on STEAPs may be effective indicators for predicting prognosis, and provides corresponding clinical treatment recommendations for HCC patients based on this classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.1 South Baixiang Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.1 South Baixiang Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Shanshan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.1 South Baixiang Street, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
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Jin Y, Dunn C, Persiconi I, Sike A, Skorstad G, Beck C, Kyte JA. Comparative Evaluation of STEAP1 Targeting Chimeric Antigen Receptors with Different Costimulatory Domains and Spacers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:586. [PMID: 38203757 PMCID: PMC10778617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We have developed a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) against the six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate-1 (STEAP1), which is expressed in prostate cancer, Ewing sarcoma, and other malignancies. In the present study, we investigated the effect of substituting costimulatory domains and spacers in this STEAP1 CAR. We cloned four CAR constructs with either CD28 or 4-1BB costimulatory domains, combined with a CD8a-spacer (sp) or a mutated IgG-spacer. The CAR T-cells were evaluated in short- and long-term in vitro T-cell assays, measuring cytokine production, tumor cell killing, and CAR T-cell expansion and phenotype. A xenograft mouse model of prostate cancer was used for in vivo comparison. All four CAR constructs conferred CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with STEAP1-specific functionality. A CD8sp_41BBz construct and an IgGsp_CD28z construct were selected for a more extensive comparison. The IgGsp_CD28z CAR gave stronger cytokine responses and killing in overnight caspase assays. However, the 41BB-containing CAR mediated more killing (IncuCyte) over one week. Upon six repeated stimulations, the CD8sp_41BBz CAR T cells showed superior expansion and lower expression of exhaustion markers (PD1, LAG3, TIGIT, TIM3, and CD25). In vivo, both the CAR T variants had comparable anti-tumor activity, but persisting CAR T-cells in tumors were only detected for the 41BBz variant. In conclusion, the CD8sp_41BBz STEAP1 CAR T cells had superior expansion and survival in vitro and in vivo, compared to the IgGsp_CD28z counterpart, and a less exhausted phenotype upon repeated antigen exposure. Such persistence may be important for clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Jin
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (Y.J.); (C.D.); (I.P.); (A.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Claire Dunn
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (Y.J.); (C.D.); (I.P.); (A.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Irene Persiconi
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (Y.J.); (C.D.); (I.P.); (A.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Adam Sike
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (Y.J.); (C.D.); (I.P.); (A.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Gjertrud Skorstad
- Department of Clinical Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Carole Beck
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (Y.J.); (C.D.); (I.P.); (A.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Jon Amund Kyte
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (Y.J.); (C.D.); (I.P.); (A.S.); (C.B.)
- Department of Clinical Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway
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Development of a TGFβ-IL-2/15 Switch Receptor for Use in Adoptive Cell Therapy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020459. [PMID: 36830995 PMCID: PMC9953633 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapy employing T cells modified with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) is effective in hematological malignancies but not yet in solid cancers. CAR T cell activity in solid tumors is limited by immunosuppressive factors, including transforming growth factor β (TGFβ). Here, we describe the development of a switch receptor (SwR), in which the extracellular domains of the TGFβ receptor are fused to the intracellular domains from the IL-2/15 receptor. We evaluated the SwR in tandem with two variants of a CAR that we have developed against STEAP1, a protein highly expressed in prostate cancer. The SwR-CAR T cell activity was assessed against a panel of STEAP1+/- prostate cancer cell lines with or without over-expression of TGFβ, or with added TGFβ, by use of flow cytometry cytokine and killing assays, Luminex cytokine profiling, cell counts, and flow cytometry phenotyping. The results showed that the SwR-CAR constructs improved the functionality of CAR T cells in TGFβ-rich environments, as measured by T cell proliferation and survival, cytokine response, and cytotoxicity. In assays with four repeated target-cell stimulations, the SwR-CAR T cells developed an activated effector memory phenotype with retained STEAP1-specific activity. In conclusion, the SwR confers CAR T cells with potent and durable in vitro functionality in TGFβ-rich environments. The SwR may be used as an add-on construct for CAR T cells or other forms of adoptive cell therapy.
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Liu D, Yin X, Guan X, Li K. Bioinformatic analysis and machine learning to identify the diagnostic biomarkers and immune infiltration in adenomyosis. Front Genet 2023; 13:1082709. [PMID: 36685847 PMCID: PMC9845720 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1082709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Adenomyosis is a hormone-dependent benign gynecological disease characterized by the invasion of the endometrium into the myometrium. Women with adenomyosis can suffer from abnormal uterine bleeding, severe pelvic pain, and subfertility or infertility, which can interfere with their quality of life. However, effective diagnostic biomarkers for adenomyosis are currently lacking. The aim of this study is to explore the mechanism of adenomyosis by identifying biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for adenomyosis and analyzing their correlation with immune infiltration in adenomyosis. Methods: Two datasets, GSE78851 and GSE68870, were downloaded and merged for differential expression analysis and functional enrichment analysis using R software. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVE-RFE) were combined to explore candidate genes. Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) was conducted to verify the biomarkers and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to assess the diagnostic value of each biomarker. Single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) and CIBERSORT were used to explore immune cell infiltration in adenomyosis and the correlation between diagnostic biomarkers and immune cells. Results: A total of 318 genes were differentially expressed. Through the analysis of differentially expressed genes and WGCNA, we obtained 189 adenomyosis-related genes. After utilizing the LASSO and SVM-RFE algorithms, four hub genes, namely, six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate-1 (STEAP1), translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20 (TOMM20), glycosyltransferase eight domain-containing 2 (GLT8D2), and NME/NM23 family member 5 (NME5) expressed in nucleoside-diphosphate kinase, were identified and verified by qRT-PCR. Immune infiltration analysis indicated that T helper 17 cells, CD56dim natural killer cells, monocytes, and memory B-cell may be associated with the occurrence of adenomyosis. There were significant correlations between the diagnostic biomarkers and immune cells. Conclusion: STEAP1, TOMM20, GLT8D2, and NME5 were identified as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for adenomyosis. Immune infiltration may contribute to the onset and progression of adenomyosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Centre for Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangjie Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Guan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Kunming Li, ; Xiaohong Guan,
| | - Kunming Li
- Centre for Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Kunming Li, ; Xiaohong Guan,
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Zhang D, Han S, Pan X, Li H, Zhao H, Gao X, Wang S. EFEMP1 binds to STEAP1 to promote osteosarcoma proliferation and invasion via the Wnt/β-catenin and TGF-β/Smad2/3 signal pathways. J Bone Oncol 2022; 37:100458. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2022.100458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Motzer RJ, Martini JF, Mu XJ, Staehler M, George DJ, Valota O, Lin X, Pandha HS, Ching KA, Ravaud A. Molecular characterization of renal cell carcinoma tumors from a phase III anti-angiogenic adjuvant therapy trial. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5959. [PMID: 36216827 PMCID: PMC9550765 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33555-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Multigene assays can provide insight into key biological processes and prognostic information to guide development and selection of adjuvant cancer therapy. We report a comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic analysis of tumor samples from 171 patients at high risk for recurrent renal cell carcinoma post nephrectomy from the S-TRAC trial (NCT00375674). We identify gene expression signatures, including STRAC11 (derived from the sunitinib-treated population). The overlap in key elements captured in these gene expression signatures, which include genes representative of the tumor stroma microenvironment, regulatory T cell, and myeloid cells, suggests they are likely to be both prognostic and predictive of the anti-angiogenic effect in the adjuvant setting. These signatures also point to the identification of potential therapeutic targets for development in adjuvant renal cell carcinoma, such as MERTK and TDO2. Finally, our findings suggest that while anti-angiogenic adjuvant therapy might be important, it may not be sufficient to prevent recurrence and that other factors such as immune response and tumor environment may be of greater importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Motzer
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | | | - Xinmeng J Mu
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development Medicine, Pfizer Inc, La Jolla, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Michael Staehler
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Bavaria, 80333, Germany
| | - Daniel J George
- Department of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Olga Valota
- Global Product Development-Oncology, Pfizer S.r.L, Milan, Lombardy, 20152, Italy
| | - Xun Lin
- Global Product Development-Oncology, Pfizer Inc, La Jolla, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Hardev S Pandha
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Surrey, Guildford, England, GU2 7XS, UK
| | - Keith A Ching
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development Medicine, Pfizer Inc, La Jolla, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Alain Ravaud
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, 33300, France
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Jin Y, Lorvik KB, Jin Y, Beck C, Sike A, Persiconi I, Kvaløy E, Saatcioglu F, Dunn C, Kyte JA. Development of STEAP1 targeting chimeric antigen receptor for adoptive cell therapy against cancer. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 26:189-206. [PMID: 35860008 PMCID: PMC9278049 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that retarget T cells against CD19 show clinical efficacy against B cell malignancies. Here, we describe the development of a CAR against the six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate-1 (STEAP1), which is expressed in ∼90% of prostate cancers, and subgroups of other malignancies. STEAP1 is an attractive target, as it is associated with tumor invasiveness and progression and only expressed at low levels in normal tissues, apart from the non-vital prostate gland. We identified the antibody coding sequences from a hybridoma and designed a CAR that is efficiently expressed in primary T cells. The T cells acquired the desired anti-STEAP1 specificity, with a polyfunctional response including production of multiple cytokines, proliferation, and the killing of cancer cells. The response was observed for both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and against all STEAP1+ target cell lines tested. We evaluated the in vivo CAR T activity in both subcutaneous and metastatic xenograft mouse models of prostate cancer. Here, the CAR T cells infiltrated tumors and significantly inhibited tumor growth and extended survival in a STEAP1-dependent manner. We conclude that the STEAP1 CAR exhibits potent in vitro and in vivo functionality and can be further developed toward potential clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Jin
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Mail Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristina Berg Lorvik
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Mail Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Yang Jin
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Carole Beck
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Mail Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Adam Sike
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Mail Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Irene Persiconi
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Mail Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Emilie Kvaløy
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Mail Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Fahri Saatcioglu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Claire Dunn
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Mail Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon Amund Kyte
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Mail Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Clinical Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Wang X, Han M, Chen S, Sun Y, Tan R, Huang B. The copper-associated protein STEAP2 correlated with glioma prognosis and immune infiltration. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:944682. [PMID: 36060273 PMCID: PMC9433562 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.944682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade glioma is characterized by cell heterogeneity, gene mutations, and poor prognosis. Abnormal copper homeostasis affects the pathogenesis of glioma, but the underlying mechanisms and involved proteins are unknown. Here, we selected 90 copper-related proteins and verified their expression differences in glioma and normal tissues in the TCGA cohort followed by GO and KEGG clustering analyses. We then developed and validated a prognostic model. Moreover, we examined the mutation burden of copper-related proteins and discussed the differences in the immune microenvironment in the high- and low-risk groups. Furthermore, we focused on STEAP2 and demonstrated that STEAP2 expression was relatively low in tumor tissues compared to normal tissues, implying a favorable prognosis. Our findings provide a foundation for future research targeting copper-related proteins and their immune microenvironment to improve prognosis and responses to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Mingzhi Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Songyu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfei Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Ruirong Tan
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Ruirong Tan,
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
- Bin Huang,
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Liu T, Niu X, Li Y, Xu Z, Chen J, Xu G. Expression and prognostic analyses of the significance of STEAP1 and STEAP2 in lung cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:96. [PMID: 35346237 PMCID: PMC8962583 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02566-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. STEAP1 and STEAP2 are overexpressed in various cancers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression and prognostic value of STEAP1 and STEAP2 in patients with lung cancer. METHODS The mRNA expression and protein expression of STEAP1 and STEAP2 and their prognostic characteristics were examined using Oncomine, GEPIA, and Kaplan-Meier (KM) plotters. The correlation analysis of STEAP1 and STEAP2 gene and protein levels was conducted using GeneMANIA and STRING. KEGG pathway analysis was used to explore the related signal pathways of STEAP 1 and STEAP2. Immunohistochemical methods were used to compare the expression of STEAP2 in normal lung and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunocytochemistry were used to evaluate the expression of STEAP1 and STEAP2 in three lung cancer cell lines and normal lung epithelial cell lines. RESULTS Analysis of the Oncomine database and GEPIA showed that STEAP1 was upregulated and STEAP2 was downregulated in lung cancer tissue, and both expressions were related to the clinical stage of lung cancer. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that STEAP1 protein expression was significantly upregulated in lung cancer compared to that in adjacent tissues. The expression of STEAP1 was positively correlated with the migration and invasion abilities of lung cancer cells. Compared with paracancer tissues, the expression of STEAP2 protein in lung cancer was significantly downregulated and was correlated with the histological grade of squamous cell carcinoma, pathological classification of adenocarcinoma, tumor, lymph node, and metastasis clinical stage, and lymph node metastasis. The expression of STEAP2 was negatively correlated with the migration and invasion abilities of lung cancer cells. The KM curve showed that the downregulation of STEAP1 expression and upregulation of STEAP2 expression were related to a good lung cancer prognosis. CONCLUSION STEAP1 and STEAP2 are expected to be potential diagnostic and prognostic markers for lung cancer, which may provide more accurate prognostic indicators for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoxin Niu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yanqing Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Zekun Xu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Geng Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, 274031, Shandong, China.
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Zhao Z, Wang Z, Song Z, Wu Y, Jin Q, Zhao Z. Predictive potential of STEAP family for survival, immune microenvironment and therapy response in glioma. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108183. [PMID: 34649092 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is the most commonly diagnosed primary tumor of central nervous system. Previous studies found that the six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate (STEAP) family can regulate the biological behaviors of several cancers. However, the role of STEAP family in glioma remains unclear. Here, we systematically evaluated the relationship between STEAP family and prognosis of glioma patients in multiple cohorts. The analysis showed that dysregulation of STEAP family may affect cancer-immunity cycle, immune infiltration and phenotypes resulting in an immunosuppressive microenvironment in glioma. To accurately predict the prognosis of glioma patients, gene-based risk models were established based on the expression of STEAP1, 2 and 3. Multivariate and univariate Cox analyses demonstrated that the risk models could independently predict the prognosis of glioma. Finally, chemotherapy and immune therapy responses for high- and low-risk patients were predicted. In conclusion, this study systematically analyzed the role of STEAP family in glioma and established a model for predicting therapy response in patients with glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China.
| | - Zairan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China.
| | - Zihan Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China.
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Qianxu Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China.
| | - Zongmao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China.
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Fusion Protein Vaccine Based on Ag85B and STEAP1 Induces a Protective Immune Response against Prostate Cancer. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9070786. [PMID: 34358202 PMCID: PMC8310044 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9070786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: There are currently limited treatments for castration-resistant prostate cancer. Immunotherapy involving Sipuleucel-T has increasingly drawn attention for prostate cancer management. BCG plays a vital role in treating bladder cancer, mainly by inducing immune activation, but is rarely used for prostate cancer. (2) Methods: The TCGA database, PCR, and Western blotting were used to analyze the expression of STEAP1 in mouse and human tissues. Then, we constructed a fusion protein vaccine with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Ag85B and three repeated octapeptide epitopes of a six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 1 (STEAP1186-193), Ag85B-3×STEAP1186-193. The uptake of the fusion protein vaccine by DCs was evaluated by confocal microscopy, and DC markers were detected using flow cytometry after incubation with the fusion protein. The immune response against prostate cancer was evaluated by the LDH assay and xenografts in vitro and in vivo. Then, the tumor microenvironment was determined using IHC and ELISA. In addition, the epitope was mutated using CRISPR-Cas9 to illustrate that the fusion protein elicited immunization against STEAP1. (3) Results: The TCGA database analysis, PCR, and Western blotting showed that STEAP1 was highly expressed in human and murine prostate cancer. After the uptake of the purified fusion protein vaccine by DCs, CD11c, CD80, CD86, and MHC II were upregulated and triggered a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against TRAMP-C1 and RM1 cells in vitro. Furthermore, the fusion protein vaccine inhibited tumor growth and improved the tumor microenvironment in vivo, with more CD3+ cells and fewer FOXP3+ cells in the tumor. Serum IFN-γ and IL-2 were significantly higher than in the control group, while IL-4 expression was lower, indicating that the fusion protein vaccine activated Th1 immunity. The immune response against prostate cancer was greatly suppressed when the antigen targets were knocked out using CRISPR-Cas9. (4) Conclusion: In summary, our results provide the first evidence that a vaccine based on a fusion protein consisting of Ag85B and a prostate cancer octapeptide epitope with complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA), triggers a robust immune response and inhibits tumor growth in murine prostate cancer.
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Duarte DR, Barroca-Ferreira J, Gonçalves AM, Santos FM, Rocha SM, Pedro AQ, Maia CJ, Passarinha LA. Impact of glycerol feeding profiles on STEAP1 biosynthesis by Komagataella pastoris using a methanol-inducible promoter. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:4635-4648. [PMID: 34059939 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11367-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the lack of reliable strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer makes the identification and characterization of new therapeutic targets a pressing matter. Several studies have proposed the Six Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of the Prostate 1 (STEAP1) as a promising therapeutic target for prostate cancer. Although structural and functional studies may provide deeper insights on the role of STEAP1 in cancer, such techniques require high amounts of purified protein through biotechnological processes. Based on the results presented, this work proposes the application, for the first time, of a fed-batch profile to improve STEAP1 biosynthesis in mini-bioreactor Komagataella pastoris X-33 Mut+ methanol-induced cultures, by evaluating three glycerol feeding profiles-constant, exponential, and gradient-during the pre-induction phase. Interestingly, different glycerol feeding profiles produced differently processed STEAP1. This platform was optimized using a combination of chemical chaperones for ensuring the structural stabilization and appropriate processing of the target protein. The supplementation of culture medium with 6 % (v/v) DMSO and 1 M proline onto a gradient glycerol/constant methanol feeding promoted increased biosynthesis levels of STEAP1 and minimized aggregation events. Deglycosylation assays with peptide N-glycosidase F showed that glycerol constant feed is associated with an N-glycosylated pattern of STEAP1. The biological activity of recombinant STEAP1 was also validated, once the protein enhanced the proliferation of LNCaP and PC3 cancer cells, in comparison with non-tumoral cell cultures. This methodology could be a crucial starting point for large-scale production of active and stable conformation of recombinant human STEAP1. Thus, it could open up new strategies to unveil the structural rearrangement of STEAP1 and to better understand the biological role of the protein in cancer onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Duarte
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506, Covilhã, Portugal.,UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - J Barroca-Ferreira
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506, Covilhã, Portugal.,UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - A M Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506, Covilhã, Portugal.,UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - F M Santos
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506, Covilhã, Portugal.,UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.,Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBI Medical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Unidad de Proteomica, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia, CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, Calle Darwin 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - S M Rocha
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - A Q Pedro
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506, Covilhã, Portugal.,CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - C J Maia
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - L A Passarinha
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506, Covilhã, Portugal. .,UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal. .,Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBI Medical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
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A short deletion in the DNA-binding domain of STAT3 suppresses growth and progression of colon cancer cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:5185-5196. [PMID: 33535185 PMCID: PMC7950243 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect of a short deletion in the DNA-binding domain of STAT3 (STAT3del) on the transcriptional activation of STAT3 target genes and its relationship with colon carcinogenesis. We used the CRISPR-CAS9 gene editing system to delete a short sequence encoding amino acids 400-411 in the DNA-binding domain (amino acid sequence: 317-567) from STAT3 gene in SW480, SW620 and HCT116 colon cancer cells. ChIP sequencing analysis showed that STAT3del occupancy was significantly reduced in 1029 genes and significantly increased in 475 genes compared to wild-type STAT3. The mutation altered the DNA motifs recognized by STAT3del as compared to the wild-type STAT3. We observed a strong correlation between expression of the STAT3 target genes and the loss or gain of STAT3del binding to their promoters. CCK-8, wound healing, and TUNEL assays showed reduced proliferation, migration, and survival of SW480, SW620 and HCT-116 cells expressing STAT3del as compared to the corresponding controls. These findings demonstrate that a short deletion in the DNA-binding domain of STAT3 alters its genome-wide DNA-binding and transcriptional profile of STAT3-target proteins, and suppresses the growth, progression and survival of colon cancer cells.
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Chen WJ, Wu HT, Li CL, Lin YK, Fang ZX, Lin WT, Liu J. Regulatory Roles of Six-Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of the Prostate Family Members in the Occurrence and Development of Malignant Tumors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:752426. [PMID: 34778263 PMCID: PMC8586211 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.752426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The human six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate (STEAP) proteins, which include STEAP1-4 and atypical STEAP1B, contain six transmembrane domains and are located in the cell membrane. STEAPs are considered archaeal metal oxidoreductases, based on their heme groups and F420H2:NADP+ oxidoreductase (FNO)-like structures, and play an important role in cell metal metabolism. Interestingly, STEAPs not only participate in biological processes, such as molecular transport, cell cycling, immune response, and intracellular and extracellular activities, but also are closely related to the occurrence and development of several diseases, especially malignant tumors. Up to now, the expression patterns of STEAPs have been found to be diverse in different types of tumors, with controversial participation in different aspects of malignancy, such as cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and therapeutic resistance. It is clinically important to explore the potential roles of STEAPs as new immunotherapeutic targets for the treatment of different malignant tumors. Therefore, this review focuses on the molecular mechanism and function of STEAPs in the occurrence and development of different cancers in order to understand the role of STEAPs in cancer and provide a new theoretical basis for the treatment of diverse cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jia Chen
- Changjiang Scholar’s Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer/Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hua-Tao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Chun-Lan Li
- Changjiang Scholar’s Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer/Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yi-Ke Lin
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Ze-Xuan Fang
- Changjiang Scholar’s Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer/Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Wen-Ting Lin
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Changjiang Scholar’s Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer/Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Liu,
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Chen H, Xu C, Yu Q, Zhong C, Peng Y, Chen J, Chen G. Comprehensive landscape of STEAP family functions and prognostic prediction value in glioblastoma. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:2988-3000. [PMID: 32964440 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common, malignant, and deadly primary glioma. Six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate (STEAP) family is involved in tumorigenesis; here, we have explored the biological function and the prognostic value of the STEAP family in GBM. Differentially expressed STEAP genes in tumor and normal samples were screened by using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression identified the prognosis-related genes: STEAP2 and STEAP3, which were involved in the regulation of immune response and cell cycle. Finally, a prognostic nomogram combining age, gender, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, IDH1 status, and the risk score model based on STEAP2 and STEAP3 was built and further validated in TCGA and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) cohorts via concordance index and calibration plot, which suggested a favorable value for prognosis prediction. In conclusion, our results provided a comprehensive analysis of the STEAP family and a model for the prognosis prediction of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaijun Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaoran Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yucong Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingyin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Liu J, Wen S, Lin Y, Yang X, Liu Z, Quan S, Song Y. Advanced oxidation protein products change biological behaviors of rat endometrial epithelial cells by activating ERK/P38 signaling pathways. Biol Open 2020; 9:bio048876. [PMID: 32366372 PMCID: PMC7286297 DOI: 10.1242/bio.048876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) are a family of oxidized protein compounds and could induce oxidative stress and inflammatory lesion in various cells. The accumulation of AOPPs was associated with female reproductive diseases such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), leiomyoma and endometriosis. However, the relationship between AOPPs and endometrial cells is unclear. To explore the effects of accumulated AOPPs on endometrial cells, we treated normal rat endometrial epithelial cells (rEECs) and endometriosis model rats with AOPPs. Primary rEECs were collected from 8-week-old female Wistar rats. Increasing the amount of AOPPs in the media of rEECs enhanced rEEC proliferation and migration, and inhibited apoptosis. Moreover, AOPPs triggered the production of reactive oxygen species and nitrite along with activated ERK and P38 signal and this, in turn, led to an upregulation of proliferation and migration. With the treatment of antioxidants or the inhibitors of ERK and P38, the above effects of AOPPs on rEECs were attenuated. Additionally, in an endometriosis rat model, a similar phenomenon was observed in that the growth of endometriotic implants were promoted by AOPPs and EECs were significantly increased. This study indicated that the accumulation of AOPPs could promote rEEC proliferation and migration through ERK and P38 signal both in vivo and in vitroThis article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Sixi Wen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanling Lin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Zebang Liu
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 43000, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Quan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Yali Song
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
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Jiao Z, Huang L, Sun J, Xie J, Wang T, Yin X, Zhang H, Chen J. Six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 1 expression promotes ovarian cancer metastasis by aiding progression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Histochem Cell Biol 2020; 154:215-230. [PMID: 32382787 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01877-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a severe malignant tumour of the female genital organs. Six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 1 (STEAP1) expression is correlated with the occurrence and progression of multiple cancers. Here, we assessed STEAP1 expression in ovarian cancer and explored the relationship between STEAP1 and ovarian cancer progression. We used immunohistochemistry and public databases to test STEAP1 expression in normal human ovarian tissues, benign ovarian tumours, and ovarian cancer. The expression of STEAP1 and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes was analysed using immunocytochemistry, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting in ovarian cancer cell lines. Lentivirus was used to knockdown and overexpress STEAP1. Invasion, migration, growth, clonogenicity, and apoptosis were assessed using transwell assay, growth curve, plate clone formation assay, and flow cytometry. We used a tumour xenograft to verify the relationship between STEAP1 and in vivo ovarian cancer cell growth. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) activities were examined using Matrix metalloproteinase zymography assay. STEAP1 was highly expressed in the human ovarian cancer tissues and a highly invasive ovarian cancer cell line. Overexpression of STEAP1 was related to poor prognosis in ovarian cancer patients. Down-regulation of STEAP1 suppressed the invasion, migration, proliferation, clonogenicity, EMT progression in human ovarian cancer cells and xenograft tumour growth in vivo, but it enhanced apoptosis. In human ovarian cancer, the STEAP1 gene is highly expressed, and its function is correlated with human ovarian cancer cell metastasis and growth. STEAP1 may be a possible target for suppressing ovarian cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Jiao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Jiali Sun
- Department of Vascular Anomalies and Interventional Radiology, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Jie Xie
- Child Healthcare Department, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, 266034, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Shibei District Disease Prevention and Control Center, Qingdao, 266012, China
| | - Xiu Yin
- Department of Scientific Research, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Haozheng Zhang
- Research Institute of Pediatrics, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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Guo Q, Ke XX, Liu Z, Gao WL, Fang SX, Chen C, Song YX, Han H, Lu HL, Xu G. Evaluation of the Prognostic Value of STEAP1 in Lung Adenocarcinoma and Insights Into Its Potential Molecular Pathways via Bioinformatic Analysis. Front Genet 2020; 11:242. [PMID: 32265985 PMCID: PMC7099762 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Upregulation of the six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate-1 (STEAP1) is closely associated with prognosis of numerous malignant cancers. However, its role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the most common type of lung cancer, remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of STEAP1 in the occurrence and progression of LUAD and the potential mechanisms underlying its regulatory effects. Methods STEAP1 mRNA and protein expression were analyzed in 40 LUAD patients via real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively. We accessed the clinical data of 522 LUAD patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to investigate the expression and prognostic role of STEAP1 in LUAD. Further, we performed gene ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to elucidate the potential mechanism underlying the role of STEAP1 in LUAD. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of STEAP1 was analyzed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database, and hub genes with significant positive and negative associations with STEAP1 were identified and their role in LUAD prognosis was predicted. Results STEAP1 was significantly upregulated in LUAD patients and associated with LUAD prognosis. Further, TCGA data indicated that STEAP1 upregulation is correlated with the clinical prognosis of LUAD. GO and KEGG analysis revealed that the genes co-expressed with STEAP1 were primarily involved in cell division, DNA replication, cell cycle, apoptosis, cytokine signaling, NF-kB signaling, and TNF signaling. GSEA revealed that homologous recombination, p53 signaling pathway, cell cycle, DNA replication, apoptosis, and toll-like receptor signaling were highly enriched upon STEAP1 upregulation. Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) analysis revealed that the top 10 hub genes associated with STEAP1 expression were also associated with the LUAD prognosis. Conclusion STEAP1 upregulation potentially influences the occurrence and progression of LUAD and its co-expressed genes via regulation of homologous recombination, p53 signaling, cell cycle, DNA replication, and apoptosis. STEAP1 is a potential prognostic biomarker for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xi-Xian Ke
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zhou Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wei-Long Gao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shi-Xu Fang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yong-Xiang Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Hao Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Hong-Ling Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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