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AbdElneam AI, Al‐Dhubaibi MS, Bahaj SS, Alhetheli G. MiR-200c-3p as a novel genetic marker and therapeutic tool for alopecia areata. Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e13639. [PMID: 38454571 PMCID: PMC10920991 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that regulate gene expression in diverse biological processes. They hold promise as therapeutic candidates for targeting human disease pathways, although our understanding of their gene regulatory mechanism remains incomplete. Alopecia areata (AA) is a prevalent inflammatory ailment distinguished by the infiltration of T cells targeting the anagen-stage hair follicles. The scarcity of effective remedies for AA may stem from limited understanding regarding its precise cellular mechanism. AIM To investigate and examine the importance and role of the miR-200c-3p as a genetic indicator for AA, and its possible impact on disease progression. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Case-control study included 65 patients with AA and 65 matched healthy controls. A real-time PCR technique was used to measure the expression of miR-200c-3p for both groups. Bioinformatic tools were used for prediction with genes and gene-gene interaction, and protein-protein interaction. RESULTS The expression levels of miR-200c-3p were significantly higher in AA patients than in healthy controls. We predicted that miR-200c-3p plays a markable role in the development of AA by its effect on the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance pathway. CONCLUSION We were able to identify the influence of miR-200c-3p on both PLCG1 and RPS6KP1 genes which in turn regulate the EGFR tyrosine kinases resistance pathway that displayed the most substantial increase in activity. Our outcomes shed light on the era of the potential theranostic role of this innovative miRNA in AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ibrahim AbdElneam
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryDepartment of Basic Medical SciencesCollege of MedicineShaqra UniversityDawadmiSaudi Arabia
- Molecular Genetics and Enzymology DepartmentHuman Genetics and Genome Research InstituteNational Research CenterDokki, CairoEgypt
| | | | - Saleh Salem Bahaj
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesSana'a UniversitySanaaYemen
| | - Ghadah Alhetheli
- Divisions of Dermatology and Cutaneous SurgeryCollege of MedicineQassim UniversityBuraydahSaudi Arabia
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Ho CY, Wu CY, Chen JYF, Wu CY. Clinical and Genetic Aspects of Alopecia Areata: A Cutting Edge Review. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1362. [PMID: 37510267 PMCID: PMC10379312 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is a chronic, non-scarring, immune-mediated skin disease that affects approximately 0.5-2% of the global population. The etiology of AA is complex and involves genetic and environmental factors, with significant advancements in genetic research occurring in recent years. In addition to well-known genes such as PTPN22, CTLA4, and IL2, which have been widely supported as being associated with AA, an increasing number of specific gene-related loci have been discovered through advances in genetic research. For instance, gene analysis of microRNAs can reveal the critical role of miRNAs in regulating gene expression, aiding in the understanding of cellular and organismal functional regulatory mechanisms. Furthermore, numerous studies have confirmed the existence of correlations between AA and other immune-related diseases. Examples include hyperthyroidism and rheumatoid arthritis. By understanding the interrelationships between AA and other immune diseases, we can further comprehend potential shared genetic foundations or pathogenic mechanisms among different diseases. Genetic research plays a crucial role in unraveling the pathogenesis of AA, as the identification of genetic variations associated with AA can assist in formulating more effective and targeted treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yi Ho
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine and Post Baccalaureat Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Yen Wu
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Jeff Yi-Fu Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ying Wu
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine and Post Baccalaureat Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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Qi SS, Miao Y, Sheng YY, Hu RM, Zhao J, Yang QP. MicroRNA-1246 Inhibits NFATc1 Phosphorylation and Regulates T Helper 17 Cell Activation in the Pathogenesis of Severe Alopecia Areata. Ann Dermatol 2023; 35:46-55. [PMID: 36750458 PMCID: PMC9905862 DOI: 10.5021/ad.22.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We found microRNA (miR)-1246 to be significantly differentially expressed between severe active alopecia areata (AA) patients and healthy individuals. OBJECTIVE To explore the role and mechanism of miR-1246 in severe AA. METHODS Expression of miR-1246, dual-specific tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A), and nuclear factor of activated T cells 1c (NFATc1) in peripheral CD4+ T cells and in scalp tissues of patients were detected using RT-qPCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry assays. Peripheral CD4+ T cells from the AA patients were transfected with lentiviral vectors overexpressing miR-1246. RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis were used to measure mRNA or protein expression of retinoic-acid-receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor gamma (ROR-γt), interleukin (IL)-17, DYRK1A, NFATc1, and phosphorylated NFATc1. Flow cytometry was used to assay the CD4+IL-17+ cells proportion. ELISA was used to measure cytokine levels. RESULTS miR-1246 levels decreased and DYRK1A and NFATc1 mRNA levels significantly increased in the peripheral CD4+ T cells and scalp tissues of severe active AA samples. NFATc1 protein expression was also significantly increased in the peripheral CD4+ T cells but not in the scalp tissues. NFATc1 positive cells were mainly distributed among infiltrating inflammatory cells around hair follicles. In peripheral CD4+ T cells of severe active AA, overexpression of miR-1246 resulted in significant downregulation of DYRK1A, NFATc1, ROR-γt, and IL-17 mRNA and phosphorylated NFATc1 protein, as well as a decrease in the CD4+IL-17+ cells proportion and the IL-17F level. CONCLUSION miR-1246 can inhibit NFAT signaling and Th17 cell activation, which may be beneficial in the severe AA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-si Qi
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Miao
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - You-yu Sheng
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui-ming Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin-ping Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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4
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Xu W, Wan S, Xie B, Song X. Novel potential therapeutic targets of alopecia areata. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1148359. [PMID: 37153617 PMCID: PMC10154608 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1148359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is a non-scarring hair loss disorder caused by autoimmunity. The immune collapse of the hair follicle, where interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and CD8+ T cells accumulate, is a key factor in AA. However, the exact functional mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, AA treatment has poor efficacy maintenance and high relapse rate after drug withdrawal. Recent studies show that immune-related cells and molecules affect AA. These cells communicate through autocrine and paracrine signals. Various cytokines, chemokines and growth factors mediate this crosstalk. In addition, adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), gut microbiota, hair follicle melanocytes, non-coding RNAs and specific regulatory factors have crucial roles in intercellular communication without a clear cause, suggesting potential new targets for AA therapy. This review discusses the latest research on the possible pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Wan
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuzu Song
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiuzu Song,
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5
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Epigenetic Dysregulation in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Skin Diseases. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2022; 63:447-471. [DOI: 10.1007/s12016-022-08956-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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6
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Scognamiglio I, Cocca L, Puoti I, Palma F, Ingenito F, Quintavalle C, Affinito A, Roscigno G, Nuzzo S, Chianese RV, Belli S, Thomas G, Schomann T, Chan A, Stoppelli MP, Condorelli G. Exosomal microRNAs synergistically trigger stromal fibroblasts in breast cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 28:17-31. [PMID: 35317202 PMCID: PMC8908025 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype. TNBC progression is sustained by recruitment of a strong tumor microenvironment (TME) mainly composed of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) able to endorse tumor hallmarks. Increasing evidences demonstrate that exosomes mediate the crosstalk between cancer cells and the TME. We examined TNBC-derived exosomes and their microRNA (miRNA) cargo in activation of normal fibroblasts (NFs) toward CAFs. We demonstrated that TNBC cell-derived exosomes increased NF collagen contraction and migration alongside CAF molecular markers. Exosome-activated fibroblasts promoted the invasion potential of normal breast epithelial cells, as assessed by an organotypic co-culture assay that resembled the in vivo context. We also investigated TNBC cell-derived exosome cargo in activating NFs to CAFs by performing small RNA sequencing. We found that the synergistic action of miR-185-5p, miR-652-5p, and miR-1246 boosted fibroblast migration and contraction, promoting specific CAF subspecialization toward a pro-migratory functional state. These data highlight the role of breast cancer cells in re-education of the TME and their contribution to tumor evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iolanda Scognamiglio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenza Cocca
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Puoti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Palma
- Percuros BV, Eerbeeklaan 42, 2573 HT Den Haag, the Netherlands
| | | | - Cristina Quintavalle
- Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology G. Salvatore (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Silvia Nuzzo
- IRCCS SYNLAB SDN, Via Gianturco 113, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Vincenzo Chianese
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Belli
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (IGB), National Research Council (CNR), Via Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Timo Schomann
- Percuros BV, Eerbeeklaan 42, 2573 HT Den Haag, the Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Alan Chan
- Percuros BV, Eerbeeklaan 42, 2573 HT Den Haag, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Patrizia Stoppelli
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (IGB), National Research Council (CNR), Via Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gerolama Condorelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.,Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology G. Salvatore (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Hair Follicle-Related MicroRNA-34a Serum Expression and rs2666433A/G Variant in Patients with Alopecia: A Cross-Sectional Analysis. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050602. [PMID: 35625530 PMCID: PMC9138785 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is a type of immune-mediated alopecia. Recent studies have suggested microRNAs’ (miRNAs) implication in several cellular processes, including epidermal and hair follicle biology. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can modify gene expression levels, which may induce an autoimmune response. This case−control study included 480 participants (240 for each case/control group). MicroRNA-34a gene (MIR-34A) rs2666433A/G variant was genotyped using real-time allelic discrimination polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Additionally, circulatory miR-34a levels were quantified by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). On comparing between alopecia and non-alopecia cohorts, a higher frequency of A variant was noted among patients when compared to controls—A allele: 28 versus 18% (p < 0.001); A/A genotype: 9 versus 2%; A/G genotype: 39 versus 32% (p < 0.001). A/A and A/G carriers were more likely to develop alopecia under heterozygote comparison (OR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.14−2.93), homozygote comparison (OR = 4.19, 95% CI = 1.33−13.1), dominant (OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.27−3.15), recessive (OR = 3.36, 95% CI = 1.08−10.48), over-dominant (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.04−32.63), and log additive (OR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.3−2.82) models. Serum miR-34a expression levels were upregulated in alopecia patients with a median and quartile fold change of 27.3 (1.42−2430). Significantly higher levels were more pronounced in A/A genotype patients (p < 0.01). Patients carrying the heterozygote genotype (rs2666433 * A/G) were two times more likely to develop more severe disease grades. Stratified analysis by sex revealed the same results. A high expression level was associated with concomitant autoimmune comorbidities (p = 0.001), in particular SLE (p = 0.007) and vitiligo (p = 0.049). In conclusion, the MIR34A rs2666433 (A/G) variant is associated with AA risk and severity in the studied population. Furthermore, high miR-34a circulatory levels could play a role in disease pathogenesis.
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8
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Shen H, Li C, He M, Huang Y, Wang J, Luo J, Wang M, Yue B, Zhang X. Whole blood transcriptome profiling identifies candidate genes associated with alopecia in male giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). BMC Genomics 2022; 23:297. [PMID: 35413801 PMCID: PMC9004003 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08501-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is a threatened species endemic to China. Alopecia, characterized by thinning and broken hair, mostly occurs in breeding males. Alopecia significantly affects the health and public image of the giant panda and the cause of alopecia is unclear. Results Here, we researched gene expression profiles of four alopecia giant pandas and seven healthy giant pandas. All pandas were approximately ten years old and their blood samples collected during the breeding season. A total of 458 up-regulated DEGs and 211 down-regulated DEGs were identified. KEGG pathway enrichment identified that upregulated genes were enriched in the Notch signaling pathway and downregulated genes were enriched in ribosome, oxidative phosphorylation, and thermogenesis pathways. We obtained 28 hair growth-related DEGs, and identified three hub genes NOTCH1, SMAD3, and TGFB1 in PPI analysis. Five hair growth-related signaling pathways were identified with abnormal expression, these were Notch, Wnt, TGF-β, Mapk, and PI3K-Akt. The overexpression of NOTCH1 delays inner root sheath differentiation and results in hair shaft abnormalities. The delayed hair regression was associated with a significant decrease in the expression levels of TGFB1. Conclusions Our data confirmed the abnormal expression of several hair-related genes and pathways and identified alopecia candidate genes in the giant panda. Results of this study provide theoretical basis for the establishment of prevention and treatment strategies for giant pandas with alopecia. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08501-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Shen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China
| | - Caiwu Li
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration On Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in The Giant Panda National Park, China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, 611830, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ming He
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration On Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in The Giant Panda National Park, China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, 611830, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration On Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in The Giant Panda National Park, China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, 611830, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration On Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in The Giant Panda National Park, China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, 611830, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China
| | - Minglei Wang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration On Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in The Giant Panda National Park, China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, 611830, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Bisong Yue
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology On Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China
| | - Xiuyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China. .,No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China.
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MicroRNA-17-92a-1 Host Gene (MIR17HG) Expression Signature and rs4284505 Variant Association with Alopecia Areata: A Case-Control Study. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13030505. [PMID: 35328059 PMCID: PMC8955921 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates the implication of microRNAs (miRs) in cutaneous and hair follicle immunobiology. We evaluated, for the first time, the miR-17-92a-1 cluster host gene (MIR17HG) expression in peripheral blood of 248 unrelated alopecia areata (AA) patients compared to 244 matched controls using Real-Time qPCR. We also tested its association with different rs4284505A>G genotypes (based on TaqMan allelic discrimination PCR) and the available clinical data. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for each genetic association model. The upregulation of miR-17 was observed in the serum of patients with alopecia compared to controls (p-value = 0.004). The ROC curve showed high diagnostic performance of miR-17 in differentiating between patients and controls (AUC = 0.85, p-value < 0.001). rs4284505*A/G heterozygotes were more susceptible to the disease (OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.01−2.45) under the over-dominant model. Interestingly, patients with the rs4284505*G/G genotype had a higher level of miR-17 than those with the A/A and A/G genotypes. The G/G genotype was associated with the severe phenotype (p-value = 0.038). A/G carriers were the youngest (p-value < 0.001), had more frequent scalp infection (p-value = 0.006), exhibited the worst dermatology life quality index score (p-value = 0.037), and responded less to treatment (p-value = 0.033). In conclusion, MIR17HG expression and the rs4284505 variant were significantly associated with AA and could play a role in pathogenesis and phenotype in the Egyptian population. Further multi-center studies in other ethnicities are warranted to replicate the findings.
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Yang M, Weng T, Zhang W, Zhang M, He X, Han C, Wang X. The Roles of Non-coding RNA in the Development and Regeneration of Hair Follicles: Current Status and Further Perspectives. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:720879. [PMID: 34708037 PMCID: PMC8542792 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.720879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alopecia is a common problem that affects almost every age group and is considered to be an issue for cosmetic or psychiatric reasons. The loss of hair follicles (HFs) and hair caused by alopecia impairs self-esteem, thermoregulation, tactile sensation and protection from ultraviolet light. One strategy to solve this problem is HF regeneration. Many signalling pathways and molecules participate in the morphology and regeneration of HF, such as Wnt/β-catenin, Sonic hedgehog, bone morphogenetic protein and Notch. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially microRNAs and long ncRNAs, have significant modulatory roles in HF development and regeneration via regulation of these signalling pathways. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the status and future prospects of ncRNAs in HF regeneration and could prompt novel ncRNA-based therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Weng
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Manjia Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie He
- Department of General Practice, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunmao Han
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingang Wang
- Department of Burns & Wound Care Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Zhou C, Li X, Wang C, Zhang J. Alopecia Areata: an Update on Etiopathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021; 61:403-423. [PMID: 34403083 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-021-08883-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is a common chronic tissue-specific autoimmune disease, resulting in hair loss, that affects up to 2% of the general population. The exact pathobiology of AA has still remained elusive, while the common theory is the collapse of the immune privilege of the hair follicle caused by immunological mechanism. Multiple genetic and environment factors contribute to the pathogenesis of AA. There are several clinical treatments for AA, varying from one or multiple well-defined patches to more diffuse or total hair loss of the scalp (alopecia totalis) or hair loss of the entire body (alopecia universalis). The available treatments for AA, such as corticosteroids and other immunomodulators, minoxidil, and contact immunotherapy, are of limited efficacy with a high risk of adverse effects and high recurrence rates, especially for patients with severe AA. Recent insights into the pathogenesis of AA have led to the development of new treatment strategies, such as Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, biologics, and several small molecular agents. In addition, modern therapies for AA, including antihistamines, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection, and other novel therapies have been well explored. In this review, we discussed the recent advances in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangqian Li
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China.
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Hashimoto K, Yamada Y, Sekiguchi K, Mori S, Matsumoto T. NLRP3 inflammasome activation contributes to development of alopecia areata in C3H/HeJ mice. Exp Dermatol 2021; 31:133-142. [PMID: 34270818 PMCID: PMC9291919 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune non‐scarring hair loss disease. Recently, several reports have suggested that innate immune systems such as interferon‐α (IFN‐α)‐producing plasmacytoid dendritic cells and NOD‐like receptor family pyrin domain‐containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes play a role in the pathogenesis of AA. However, critical studies about their involvement in the initiation of AA have not yet been reported. Therefore, we investigated the expression of innate immune cytokines in serum and skin, and examined the effect of a selective NLRP3 inhibitor, MCC950, on AA in C3H/HeJ mice, induced by transferring cultured skin‐draining lymph node cells. IFN‐α production was upregulated in lesions of AA‐affected mice, and interleukin‐1β in serum and skin was highly expressed before onset as well as postonset. Furthermore, MCC950 treatment prevented AA development and promoted hair growth in AA mouse models by reducing NLRP3 signalling and Th1/Tc1 chemokines and cytokines in the skin. These results suggest that NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to AA onset and chronicity, and NLRP3 inhibitor may be a potential therapeutic agent for AA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sachi Mori
- Kyoto R&D Center, Maruho Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
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Zhang T, Nie Y. Prediction of the Risk of Alopecia Areata Progressing to Alopecia Totalis and Alopecia Universalis: Biomarker Development with Bioinformatics Analysis and Machine Learning. Dermatology 2021; 238:386-396. [PMID: 34004600 DOI: 10.1159/000515764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease typified by nonscarring hair loss with a variable clinical course. Although there is an increased understanding of AA pathogenesis and progress in its treatments, the outcome of AA patients remains unfavorable, especially when they are progressing to the subtypes of alopecia totalis (AT) or alopecia universalis (AU). Thus, identifying biomarkers that reflect the risk of AA progressing to AT or AU could lead to better interventions for AA patients. METHODS In this study, we conducted bioinformatics analyses to select key genes that correlated to AU or AT based on the whole-genome gene expression of 122 human scalp skin biopsy specimens obtained from NCBI-GEO GSE68801. Then, we built a biomarker using 8 different machine learning (ML) algorithms based on the key genes selected by bioinformatics analyses. RESULTS We identified 4 key genes that significantly increased (CD28) or decreased (HOXC13, KRTAP1-3, and GPRC5D) in AA tissues, especially in the subtypes of AT and AU. Besides, the predictive accuracy (area under the curve [AUC] value) of the prediction models for forecasting AA patients progressing to AT/AU models reached 90.7% (87.9%) by logistic regression, 93.8% (79.9%) by classification trees, 100.0% (76.3%) by random forest, 96.9% (76.3%) by support vector machine, 83.5% (79.9%) by K-nearest neighbors, 97.1% (87.3%) by XGBoost, and 93.3% (80.6%) by neural network algorithms for the training (internal validation) cohort. Besides, 2 molecule drugs, azacitidine and anisomycin, were identified by Cmap database. They might have the potential therapeutic effects on AA patients with high risk of progressing to AT/AU. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, we conducted high accuracy models for predicting the risk of AA patients progressing to AT or AU, which may be important in facilitating personalized therapeutic strategies and clinical management for different AA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,
| | - Yingli Nie
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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14
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Paul S, Licona-Vázquez I, Serrano-Cano FI, Frías-Reid N, Pacheco-Dorantes C, Pathak S, Chakraborty S, Srivastava A. Current insight into the functions of microRNAs in common human hair loss disorders: a mini review. Hum Cell 2021; 34:1040-1050. [PMID: 33908022 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00540-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) and Androgenic alopecia (AGA) are the most common multifactorial hair loss disorders that have a serious psychological impact on the affected individuals, while frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is comparatively less common. However, due to the unknown etiology and the effect of many adverse factors, the prognosis of these conditions is challenging to predict. Moreover, no approved therapy has been available to date to prevent or treat these disorders. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of evolutionary conserved small non-coding RNA molecules with significant roles in the posttranscriptional gene regulation either through mRNA degradation or translational repression. A number of biological processes are controlled by these molecules, including cell growth and differentiation, proliferation, inflammation, immune responses, and apoptosis. Recently, a handful of studies have demonstrated the impact of miRNAs on common hair loss-related disorders; however, the exhaustive molecular mechanisms are still unclear. In this review, we discussed the functional implications of miRNAs in common hair loss-related disorders and addressed their efficacy to be used for theranostic purposes shortly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujay Paul
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Av. Epigmenio González No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, 76130, Querétaro, México.
| | - Iván Licona-Vázquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Av. Epigmenio González No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, 76130, Querétaro, México
| | - Francisco I Serrano-Cano
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Av. Epigmenio González No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, 76130, Querétaro, México
| | - Natalia Frías-Reid
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Av. Epigmenio González No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, 76130, Querétaro, México
| | - Carolina Pacheco-Dorantes
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Av. Epigmenio González No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, 76130, Querétaro, México
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Samik Chakraborty
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Aashish Srivastava
- Section of Bioinformatics, Clinical Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021, Bergen, Norway
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15
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Alimoradi N, Firouzabadi N, Fatehi R. How metformin affects various malignancies by means of microRNAs: a brief review. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:207. [PMID: 33849540 PMCID: PMC8045276 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01921-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin known as the first-line orally prescribed drug for lowering blood glucose in type II diabetes (T2DM) has recently found various therapeutic applications including in cancer. Metformin has been studied for its influences in prevention and treatment of cancer through multiple mechanisms such as microRNA (miR) regulation. Alteration in the expression of miRs by metformin may play an important role in the treatment of various cancers. MiRs are single-stranded RNAs that are involved in gene regulation. By binding to the 3'UTR of target mRNAs, miRs influence protein levels. Irregularities in the expression of miRs that control the expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are associated with the onset and progression of cancer. Metformin may possess an effect on tumor prevention and progression by modifying miR expression and downstream pathways. Here, we summarize the effect of metformin on different types of cancer by regulating the expression of various miRs and the associated downstream molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Alimoradi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Firouzabadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Reihaneh Fatehi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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