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Yu J, He Y, Yao W, Liu T, Liu X, Zheng Y, Hao C, Xue D. Helicobacter pylori CagA Promotes the Formation of Gallstones by Increasing the Permeability of Gallbladder Epithelial Cells. Helicobacter 2024; 29:e13100. [PMID: 38873839 DOI: 10.1111/hel.13100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The formation of gallstones is often accompanied by chronic inflammation, and the mechanisms underlying inflammation and stone formation are not fully understood. Our aim is to utilize single-cell transcriptomics, bulk transcriptomics, and microbiome data to explore key pathogenic bacteria that may contribute to chronic inflammation and gallstone formation, as well as their associated mechanisms. METHODS scRNA-seq data from a gallstone mouse model were extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and analyzed using the FindCluster() package for cell clustering analysis. Bulk transcriptomics data from patients with gallstone were also extracted from the GEO database, and intergroup functional differences were assessed using GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. Additionally, 16S rRNA sequencing was performed on gallbladder mucosal samples from asymptomatic patients with gallstone (n = 6) and liver transplant donor gallbladder mucosal samples (n = 6) to identify key bacteria associated with stone formation and chronic inflammation. Animal models were constructed to investigate the mechanisms by which these key pathogenic bacterial genera promote gallstone formation. RESULTS Analysis of scRNA-seq data from the gallstone mouse model (GSE179524) revealed seven distinct cell clusters, with a significant increase in neutrophil numbers in the gallstone group. Analysis of bulk transcriptomics data from patients with gallstone (GSE202479) identified chronic inflammation in the gallbladder, potentially associated with dysbiosis of the gallbladder microbiota. 16S rRNA sequencing identified Helicobacter pylori as a key bacterium associated with gallbladder chronic inflammation and stone formation. CONCLUSIONS Dysbiosis of the gallbladder mucosal microbiota is implicated in gallstone disease and leads to chronic inflammation. This study identified H. pylori as a potential key mucosal resident bacterium contributing to gallstone formation and discovered its key pathogenic factor CagA, which causes damage to the gallbladder mucosal barrier. These findings provide important clues for the prevention and treatment of gallstones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanhang He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenchao Yao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianming Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuxu Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chenjun Hao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dongbo Xue
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Zhou J, Zhang M, Wang H, Zhong X, Yang X. Role of Helicobacter pylori virulence factors and alteration of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment: challenges and opportunities for Cancer Immunotherapy. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:167. [PMID: 38485861 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03908-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Various forms of malignancies have been linked to Helicobacter pylori. Despite advancements in chemotherapeutic and surgical approaches, the management of cancer, particularly at advanced stages, increasingly relies on the integration of immunotherapy. As a novel, safe therapeutic modality, immunotherapy harnesses the immune system of the patient to treat cancer, thereby broadening treatment options. However, there is evidence that H. pylori infection may influence the effectiveness of immunotherapy in various types of cancer. This association is related to H. pylori virulence factors and the tumor microenvironment. This review discusses the influence of H. pylori infection on immunotherapy in non-gastrointestinal and gastrointestinal tumors, the mechanisms underlying this relationship, and directions for the development of improved immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The Huai'an Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minna Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - HongGang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhong
- Department of Oncology, The Huai'an Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China.
| | - XiaoZhong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China.
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Chen ZW, Dong ZB, Xiang HT, Chen SS, Yu WM, Liang C. Helicobacter pylori CagA protein induces gastric cancer stem cell-like properties through the Akt/FOXO3a axis. J Cell Biochem 2024; 125:e30527. [PMID: 38332574 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The presence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection poses a substantial risk for the development of gastric adenocarcinoma. The primary mechanism through which H. pylori exerts its bacterial virulence is the cytotoxin CagA. This cytotoxin has the potential to induce inter-epithelial mesenchymal transition, proliferation, metastasis, and the acquisition of stem cell-like properties in gastric cancer (GC) cells infected with CagA-positive H. pylori. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a distinct population of cells capable of self-renewal and generating heterogeneous tumor cells. Despite evidence showing that CagA can induce CSCs-like characteristics in GC cells, the precise mechanism through which CagA triggers the development of GC stem cells (GCSCs) remains uncertain. This study reveals that CagA-positive GC cells infected with H. pylori exhibit CSCs-like properties, such as heightened expression of CD44, a specific surface marker for CSCs, and increased ability to form tumor spheroids. Furthermore, we have observed that H. pylori activates the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in a CagA-dependent manner, and our findings suggest that this activation is associated with the CSCs-like characteristics induced by H. pylori. The cytotoxin CagA, which is released during H. pylori infection, triggers the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in a CagA-dependent manner. Additionally, CagA inhibits the transcription of FOXO3a and relocates it from the nucleus to the cytoplasm by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway. Furthermore, the regulatory function of the Akt/FOXO3a axis in the transformation of GC cells into a stemness state was successfully demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Wei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhe-Bin Dong
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Han-Ting Xiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Sang-Sang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Wei-Ming Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Ou L, Liu HR, Shi XY, Peng C, Zou YJ, Jia JW, Li H, Zhu ZX, Wang YH, Su BM, Lai YQ, Chen MY, Zhu WX, Feng Z, Zhang GM, Yao MC. Terminalia chebula Retz. aqueous extract inhibits the Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammatory response by regulating the inflammasome signaling and ER-stress pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 320:117428. [PMID: 37981121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Terminalia chebula Retz., known as the King of Traditional Tibetan Medicine, is widely used for treating various ailments, particularly stomach disorders. It exhibited inhibitory activity against helicobacter pylori. AIM OF THE STUDY The exact mechanism by which T. chebula combats H. pylori infection remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate its mechanism of action and the key pathways and targets involved. MATERIAL AND METHODS Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay, scanning electron microscope, and inhibiting kinetics curves were conducted. The mRNA expressions were measured by RNA-seq analysis and RT-QPCR. ELISA and Western blot were used to detect the changes in proteins. The main compounds were analyzed by High-performance Liquid Chromatography. The interaction between the compound and target was predicted by Molecular Docking. RESULTS The study revealed that T. chebula disrupted the structure of H. pylori bacteria and inhibited Cag A protein expression. Additionally, T. chebula can reduce the expression of flaA, flaB, babA, alpA, alpB, ureE, and ureF genes. Furthermore, T. chebula demonstrated its effectiveness in inhibiting the H. pylori-induced inflammatory response by regulating the inflammasome signaling and ER-stress pathway. Moreover, the study discovered that chebulagic acid has anti-HP activity and inhibits the expression of Cag A protein. CONCLUSIONS T. chebula acts as a natural remedy for combating H. pylori infection. Its ability to disrupt the bacterial structure, inhibit key proteins, regulate inflammatory pathways, and the presence of chebulagic acid contribute to its anti-H. pylori activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
| | - Heng-Rui Liu
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Future Homo Sapiens Institute of Regenerative Medicine Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiao-Yan Shi
- International Pharmaceutical Engineering Lab of Shandong Province, Feixian, 273400, Shandong, China.
| | - Chang Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yuan-Jing Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jun-Wei Jia
- International Pharmaceutical Engineering Lab of Shandong Province, Feixian, 273400, Shandong, China.
| | - Hui Li
- International Pharmaceutical Engineering Lab of Shandong Province, Feixian, 273400, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhi-Xiang Zhu
- International Pharmaceutical Engineering Lab of Shandong Province, Feixian, 273400, Shandong, China.
| | - Yan-Hua Wang
- International Pharmaceutical Engineering Lab of Shandong Province, Feixian, 273400, Shandong, China.
| | - Bing-Mei Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yu-Qian Lai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
| | - Mei-Yun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wei-Xing Zhu
- Qingyuan Hospital' of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingyuan, 511500, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhong Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China; Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China.
| | - Gui-Min Zhang
- Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China.
| | - Mei-Cun Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
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Liang D, Tang S, Liu L, Zhao M, Ma X, Zhao Y, Shen C, Liu Q, Tang J, Zeng J, Chen N. Tanshinone I attenuates gastric precancerous lesions by inhibiting epithelial mesenchymal transition through the p38/STAT3 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110902. [PMID: 37699302 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric precancerous lesions (GPLs) are omens for gastric cancer (GC), which developing with a series of pathological changes of gastric mucosa. Reversing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in gastric mucosa is the main approach to restrain GPLs from evolving into cancer. Tanshinone I (Tan-I), the active ingredients of traditional Chinese herb Salvia miltiorrhiza, has exhibited anticancer effect. PURPOSE To investigate the effect and mechanism of Tan-I in intervening GPLs, and provide a new therapeutic strategy for prevention of GC. METHODS Gastric mucosal epithelial cells were treated with the N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) to construct MNNG-induced cell (MC cell) of gastric mucosa that undergoing EMT process. Then, this study explored the effect and mechanism of Tan-I in vitro. Subsequently, this study constructed GPL mice to clarify the exact efficacy and mechanism of Tan-I on GPLs. RESULTS Tan-I inhibited MC cell proliferation, invasion and migration. Simultaneously, the aberrant expression of E-cadherin and N-cadherin were reversed. Tan-I attenuated inflammation by reducing the release of nitric oxide, TNFα and IL-1β. Tan-I reversed the EMT and inflammatory processes by regulating p38 and STAT3. CONCLUSION This study showed that Tan-I inhibited the progression of GPLs by reversing the EMT process and reducing inflammation by restraining the p38/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyun Tang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Maoyuan Zhao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Caifei Shen
- Department of Endoscopy Center, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingsong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianyuan Tang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Nianzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Tan XY, Li YT, Li HH, Ma LX, Zeng CM, Zhang TT, Huang TX, Zhao XD, Fu L. WNT2-SOX4 positive feedback loop promotes chemoresistance and tumorigenesis by inducing stem-cell like properties in gastric cancer. Oncogene 2023; 42:3062-3074. [PMID: 37634009 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02816-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is characterized by its vigorous chemoresistance to current therapies, which is attributed to the highly heterogeneous and immature phenotype of cancer stem cells (CSCs) during tumor initiation and progression. The secretory WNT2 ligand regulates multiple cancer pathways and has been demonstrated to be a potential therapeutic target for gastrointestinal tumors; however, its role involved in gastric CSCs (GCSCs) remains unclear. Here, we found that overexpression of WNT2 enhanced stemness properties to promote chemoresistance and tumorigenicity in GCSCs. Mechanistically, WNT2 was positively regulated by its transcription factor SOX4, and in turn, SOX4 was upregulated by the canonical WNT2/FZD8/β-catenin signaling pathway to form an auto-regulatory positive feedback loop, resulting in the maintenance of GCSCs self-renewal and tumorigenicity. Furthermore, simultaneous overexpression of both WNT2 and SOX4 was correlated with poor survival and reduced responsiveness to chemotherapy in clinical GC specimens. Blocking WNT2 using a specific monoclonal antibody significantly disrupted the WNT2-SOX4 positive feedback loop in GCSCs and enhanced the chemotherapeutic efficacy when synergized with the chemo-drugs 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin in a GCSC-derived mouse xenograft model. Overall, this study identified a novel WNT2-SOX4 positive feedback loop as a mechanism for GCSCs-induced chemo-drugs resistance and suggested that the WNT2-SOX4 axis may be a potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yu Tan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu-Ting Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen University-Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena Joint PhD Program in Biomedical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua-Hui Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen University-Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena Joint PhD Program in Biomedical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Xiang Ma
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Chui-Mian Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Tian-Tian Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Tu-Xiong Huang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Di Zhao
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Fu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
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Cheng S, Li H, Chi J, Zhao W, Lin J, Liu X, Xu C. FTO-mediated m 6A modification promotes malignant transformation of gastric mucosal epithelial cells in chronic Cag A + Helicobacter pylori infection. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:7327-7340. [PMID: 36918410 PMCID: PMC10374804 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04684-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cag A+ Helicobacter pylori chronic infection cause malignant transformation of the human gastric mucosa. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications are the most common and abundant mRNA modifications and one of the pathways affecting tumorigenicity and tumor progression. However, the role of m6A modification in the process of chronic H. pylori infection leading to malignant transformation of gastric mucosa is unclear. METHODS In this study, we used Cag A- and Cag A+H. pylori chronic infection to establish cellular models in GES-1 cells and analyzed the cellular morphology, proliferation, apoptosis, invasiveness and tumorigenicity of gastric mucosal epithelial cells. The m6A expression levels of GES-1 cells after chronic infection with Cag A- and Cag A+H. pylori were examined, and modifying effect of FTO (the fat mass and obesity-associated protein) on CD44 was verified by MeRIP-qPCR. Finally, the FTO expression changes and m6A expression levels were further validated in clinical gastric cancer tissues. RESULTS Chronic Cag A+H. pylori-infected GES-1 cells exhibit altered cell morphology, apoptosis inhibition, abnormal proliferation, enhanced migration, colony formation, and increased stem cell-like properties. Meanwhile, FTO and CD44 expression was enhanced, and FTO may induce malignant transformation of gastric mucosa by regulating CD44 mRNA m6A methylation modifications. CONCLUSIONS We verified the effect of chronic stimulation of Cag A+H. pylori on malignant transformation of gastric mucosal epithelium. revealing the possibility of FTO in promoting malignant transformation of gastric mucosa by modifying CD44 mRNA methylation, suggesting that FTO expression is a potential molecule for malignant transformation of gastric mucosal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Jingshu Chi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Wenfang Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Jiahui Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Canxia Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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Lu L, Chen B, Zhang X, Xu Y, Jin L, Qian H, Liang ZF. The effect of phytochemicals in N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitroguanidine promoting the occurrence and development of gastric cancer. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1203265. [PMID: 37456745 PMCID: PMC10339287 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1203265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a common malignant tumor of the digestive tract, with a low early diagnosis rate. N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitroguanidine (MNNG) is one of the main risk factors for gastric cancer. Phytochemicals are healthy active substances derived from vegetables, fruits, nuts, tea, herbal medicines and other plants. Taking phytochemicals is a very promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer. Many studies have proved that phytochemicals have protective effects on MNNG induced gastric cancer via inhibiting cell proliferation, enhancing immunity, suppressing cell invasion and migration, inducing apoptosis and autophagy, blocking angiogenesis, inhibiting Helicobacter pylori infection as well as regulating metabolism and microbiota. The intervention and therapeutic effects of phytochemicals in MNNG induced gastric cancer have attracted more and more attention. In order to better study and explore the role, advantages and challenges of phytochemicals in MNNG induced gastric cancer, we summarized the intervention and therapeutic effects of phytochemicals in MNNG induced gastric cancer. This review may help to further promote the research and clinical application of phytochemicals in MNNG induced gastric cancer, and provide some new insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Lu
- Child Healthcare Department, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - XinYi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yumeng Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Longtao Jin
- Child Healthcare Department, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhao feng Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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Helicobacter pylori CagA Protein Regulating the Biological Characteristics of Gastric Cancer through the miR-155-5p/SMAD2/SP1 axis. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11080846. [PMID: 36014967 PMCID: PMC9414533 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is a grade Ι carcinogen of gastric cancer (GC), and its high infection rate seriously affects human health. Cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) plays a key role in the carcinogenesis of Hp as one of its main virulence factors. miR-155-5p is abnormally expressed in patients with GC, associated with the occurrence and development of cancer. However, little is known about the association between CagA and miR-155-5p. (1) Background: This study explored the association and mechanism of CagA and miR-155-5p in GC. (2) Methods: The CagA sequence was obtained from the NCBI. After sequence optimization, it was connected to the pcDNA3.1 vector to construct a CagA eukaryotic expression plasmid (pcDNA-CagA). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to investigate the expression of miR-155-5p and CagA in GC cells. The function of CagA on GC cells was detected by CCK8, wound healing, and Transwell assays. Similarly, the function of miR-155-5p was also studied through the above functional experiments after the miR-155-5p overexpression and knockdown models had successfully been constructed. The associations among CagA, miR-155-5p, and SMAD2/SP1 were evaluated using RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and rescue experiments. (3) Results: The expression of miR-155-5p was significantly reduced in GC cells, and the expression of miR-155-5p was further reduced after CagA induction. Both overexpressed CagA and knockdown miR-155-5p cell models enhanced malignant transformation, whereas overexpressed miR-155-5p inhibited malignant transformation in vitro. The function of miR-155-5p on GC cells could be influenced by CagA. We also found that the influence of miR-155-5p on SMAD2 and SP1 could be regulated by CagA. (4) Conclusions: CagA potentially regulates the biological function of GC cells through the miR-155-5p/SMAD2/SP1 axis. miR-155-5p could be a therapeutic target for GC related to CagA.
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10
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Wang L, Yi J, Yin XY, Hou JX, Chen J, Xie B, Chen G, Wang QF, Wang LN, Wang XY, Sun J, Huo LM, Che TJ, Wei HL. Vacuolating Cytotoxin A Triggers Mitophagy in Helicobacter pylori-Infected Human Gastric Epithelium Cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:881829. [PMID: 35912184 PMCID: PMC9329568 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.881829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-derived vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA) causes damage to various organelles, including mitochondria, and induces autophagy and cell death. However, it is unknown whether VacA-induced mitochondrial damage can develop into mitophagy. In this study, we found that H. pylori, H. pylori culture filtrate (HPCF), and VacA could activate autophagy in a gastric epithelial cell line (GES-1). VacA-caused mitochondrial depolarization retards the import of PINK1 into the damaged mitochondria and evokes mitophagy. And, among mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) identified 25 mitochondrial proteins bound with VacA, Tom20, Tom40, and Tom70, TOM complexes responsible for PINK1 import, were further identified as having the ability to bind VacA in vitro using pull-down assay, co-immunoprecipitation, and protein–protein docking. Additionally, we found that the cell membrane protein STOM and the mitochondrial inner membrane protein PGAM5 also interacted with VacA. These findings suggest that VacA captured by STOM forms endosomes to enter cells and target mitochondria. Then, VacA is transported into the mitochondrial membrane space through the TOM complexes, and PGAM5 aids in inserting VacA into the inner mitochondrial membrane to destroy the membrane potential, which promotes PINK1 accumulation and Parkin recruitment to induce mitophagy. This study helps us understand VacA entering mitochondria to induce the mitophagy process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Juan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jin-Xia Hou
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qun-Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li-Na Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Geriatrics Department, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lei-Ming Huo
- Neurosurgery Department, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tuan-Jie Che
- Key Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Diagnosis of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Baiyuan Gene Technology Co., Ltd, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tuan-Jie Che, ; Hu-Lai Wei,
| | - Hu-Lai Wei
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Diagnosis of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Baiyuan Gene Technology Co., Ltd, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tuan-Jie Che, ; Hu-Lai Wei,
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11
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Guo K, Duan J, Lu J, Xiao L, Han L, Zeng S, Tang X, Li W, Huang L, Zhang Y. TNF-α-inducing protein of Helicobacter pylori promotes EMT and cancer stem-like cells properties via activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in gastric cancer cells. Pathog Dis 2022; 80:6626024. [PMID: 35776950 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α-inducing protein (Tipα) is a newly identified toxin, which promotes the inflammation and carcinogenesis caused by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). However, its mechanism of pathogenesis is still unclear. To investigate the carcinogenic mechanisms of Tipα, SGC7901 cells and SGC7901-derived cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) were stimulated by recombinant Tipα protein with or without Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitor XAV939. qRT-PCR and Western blotting were employed to detect expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), CSCs markers, and downstream target genes of this signaling pathway. The cell migration ability was measured by wound healing assay and transwell assay. Our results indicated that Tipα promoted CSC properties of SGC7901 spheroids, including increased expression of CSC specific surface markers CD44, Oct4, Nanog, and an increased capacity for self-renewal. Tipα activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling in both SGC7901 cells or CSCs. Furthermore, Tipα induced the EMT and increased the expressions of downstream target genes of this signaling, including c-myc, cyclin D1, and CD44. However, XAV939 pretreatment inhibited Tipα-induced EMT and CSC properties in SGC7901 cells or CSCs. These results suggest that Tipα promotes EMT and CSC-like properties in gastric cancer cells through activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, thereby accelerating the progression of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyun Guo
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control; Hunan Province Innovative Training Base for Postgraduates, University of South China and Nanyue Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Duan
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control; Hunan Province Innovative Training Base for Postgraduates, University of South China and Nanyue Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Jingwen Lu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control; Hunan Province Innovative Training Base for Postgraduates, University of South China and Nanyue Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Lingqiao Xiao
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control; Hunan Province Innovative Training Base for Postgraduates, University of South China and Nanyue Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Liang Han
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control; Hunan Province Innovative Training Base for Postgraduates, University of South China and Nanyue Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Shasha Zeng
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control; Hunan Province Innovative Training Base for Postgraduates, University of South China and Nanyue Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Tang
- School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control; Hunan Province Innovative Training Base for Postgraduates, University of South China and Nanyue Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Lijun Huang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control; Hunan Province Innovative Training Base for Postgraduates, University of South China and Nanyue Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control; Hunan Province Innovative Training Base for Postgraduates, University of South China and Nanyue Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
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12
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Ansari S, Yamaoka Y. Animal Models and Helicobacter pylori Infection. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11113141. [PMID: 35683528 PMCID: PMC9181647 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11113141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori colonize the gastric mucosa of at least half of the world’s population. Persistent infection is associated with the development of gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and an increased risk of gastric cancer and gastric-mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. In vivo studies using several animal models have provided crucial evidence for understanding the pathophysiology of H. pylori-associated complications. Numerous animal models, such as Mongolian gerbils, transgenic mouse models, guinea pigs, and other animals, including non-human primates, are being widely used due to their persistent association in causing gastric complications. However, finding suitable animal models for in vivo experimentation to understand the pathophysiology of gastric cancer and MALT lymphoma is a complicated task. In this review, we summarized the most appropriate and latest information in the scientific literature to understand the role and importance of H. pylori infection animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamshul Ansari
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu 879-5593, Oita, Japan;
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu 879-5593, Oita, Japan;
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-97-586-5740
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13
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He J, Hu W, Ouyang Q, Zhang S, He L, Chen W, Li X, Hu C. Helicobacter pylori infection induces stem cell-like properties in Correa cascade of gastric cancer. Cancer Lett 2022; 542:215764. [PMID: 35654291 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death. Its poor prognosis is attributed to unclear pathogenesis. Currently, the most widely accepted model for elucidating the mechanism of GC is the Correa cascade, which covers several histological lesions of the gastric mucosa. GC stem cells (CSCs) are crucial for oncogenesis in the Correa cascade and GC progression. As Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the etiological factor in the Correa cascade, growing evidence suggests that enhancement of gastric stem cell-like properties and increase in CSCs correlate with H. pylori infection. In this paper, we review recent studies that present pathogenic mechanisms by which H. pylori induces gastric stem cell-like properties and CSCs, which may supplement the existing Correa model of GC. First, the dysfunction of developmental signaling pathways associated with H. pylori infection leads to the enhancement of gastric stemness. Second, H. pylori infection promotes alteration of the gastric mucosal microenvironment. In addition, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) may contribute to H. pylori-induced gastric stemness. Taken together, understanding these pathogeneses will provide potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of CSCs and malignant GC in H. pylori induced-Correa cascade of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- JunJian He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - WeiChao Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - ShengWei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - LiJiao He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - WeiYan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - XinZhe Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| | - ChangJiang Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
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14
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Kim TJ, Kim MK, Jung D. MNNG-Regulated Differentially Expressed Genes that Contribute to Cancer Development in Stomach Cells. KOREAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.15324/kjcls.2021.53.4.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Jin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan, Korea
| | - Myeong-Kwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan, Korea
| | - Dongju Jung
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan, Korea
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15
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Yang H, Wei B, Hu B. Chronic inflammation and long-lasting changes in the gastric mucosa after Helicobacter pylori infection involved in gastric cancer. Inflamm Res 2021; 70:1015-1026. [PMID: 34549319 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-021-01501-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infects approximately half of the world's population, as one of the most common chronic infections. H. pylori infection has been widely recognized as a major risk factor for gastric cancer (GC). METHODS Eradication treatment is considered to abolish the inflammatory response and prevent progression to GC. However, only 1-3% of H. pylori-infected patients develop GC, whereas GC can occur even after eradicating H. pylori. In addition, the incidence of GC following H. pylori infection is significantly higher compared to the gross incidence induced by all causes, although eradicating H. pylori reduces the risk of developing GC. RESULTS Therefore, it is reasonable to hypothesize that H. pylori infection results in changes that persist even after its eradication. Several of these changes may not be reversible within a short time, including the status of inflammation, the dysfunction of immunity and apoptosis, mitochondrial changes, aging and gastric dysbacteriosis. CONCLUSION The present review article aimed to discuss these potential long-lasting changes induced by H. pylori infection that may follow the eradication of H. pylori and contribute to the development of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Xi'an City, Xi'an, 710002, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Sompel K, Elango A, Smith AJ, Tennis MA. Cancer chemoprevention through Frizzled receptors and EMT. Discov Oncol 2021; 12:32. [PMID: 34604862 PMCID: PMC8429367 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-021-00429-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Frizzled (FZD) transmembrane receptors are well known for their role in β-catenin signaling and development and now understanding of their role in the context of cancer is growing. FZDs are often associated with the process of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) through β-catenin, but some also influence EMT through non-canonical pathways. With ten different FZDs, there is a wide range of activity from oncogenic to tumor suppressive depending on the tissue context. Alterations in FZD signaling can occur during development of premalignant lesions, supporting their potential as targets of chemoprevention agents. Agonizing or antagonizing FZD activity may affect EMT, which is a key process in lesion progression often targeted by chemoprevention agents. Recent studies identified a specific FZD as important for activity of an EMT inhibiting chemopreventive agent and other studies have highlighted the previously unrecognized potential for targeting small molecules to FZD receptors. This work demonstrates the value of investigating FZDs in chemoprevention and here we provide a review of FZDs in cancer EMT and their potential as chemoprevention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Sompel
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E 19th AVE, RC2 Box C272, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - A. Elango
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E 19th AVE, RC2 Box C272, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - A. J. Smith
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E 19th AVE, RC2 Box C272, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - M. A. Tennis
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E 19th AVE, RC2 Box C272, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
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17
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de Brito BB, Lemos FFB, Carneiro CDM, Viana AS, Barreto NMPV, Assis GADS, Braga BDC, Santos MLC, Silva FAFD, Marques HS, Silva NOE, de Melo FF. Immune response to Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric cancer development. World J Meta-Anal 2021; 9:257-276. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v9.i3.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric adenocarcinoma is a global health concern, and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the main risk factor for its occurrence. Of note, the immune response against the pathogen seems to be a determining factor for gastric oncogenesis, and increasing evidence have emphasized several host and bacterium factors that probably influence in this setting. The development of an inflammatory process against H. pylori involves a wide range of mechanisms such as the activation of pattern recognition receptors and intracellular pathways resulting in the production of proinflammatory cytokines by gastric epithelial cells. This process culminates in the establishment of distinct immune response profiles that result from the cytokine-induced differentiation of T naïve cells into specific T helper cells. Cytokines released from each type of T helper cell orchestrate the immune system and interfere in the development of gastric cancer in idiosyncratic ways. Moreover, variants in genes such as single nucleotide polymorphisms have been associated with variable predispositions for the occurrence of gastric malignancy because they influence both the intensity of gene expression and the affinity of the resultant molecule with its receptor. In addition, various repercussions related to some H. pylori virulence factors seem to substantially influence the host immune response against the infection, and many of them have been associated with gastric tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breno Bittencourt de Brito
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabian Fellipe Bueno Lemos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Caroline da Mota Carneiro
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Andressa Santos Viana
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Barbara Dicarlo Costa Braga
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Maria Luísa Cordeiro Santos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Hanna Santos Marques
- Campus Vitória da Conquista, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45031900, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Natália Oliveira e Silva
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Freire de Melo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
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18
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Mei J, Tian H, Huang HS, Hsu CF, Liou Y, Wu N, Zhang W, Chu TY. Cellular models of development of ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma: A review of cell of origin and mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13029. [PMID: 33768671 PMCID: PMC8088460 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is the most common and malignant histological type of epithelial ovarian cancer, the origin of which remains controversial. Currently, the secretory epithelial cells of the fallopian tube are regarded as the main origin and the ovarian surface epithelial cells as a minor origin. In tubal epithelium, these cells acquire TP53 mutations and expand to a morphologically normal 'p53 signature' lesion, transform to serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma and metastasize to the ovaries and peritoneum where they develop into HGSC. This shifting paradigm of the main cell of origin has revolutionarily changed the focus of HGSC research. Various cell lines have been derived from the two cellular origins by acquiring immortalization via overexpression of hTERT plus disruption of TP53 and the CDK4/RB pathway. Malignant transformation was achieved by adding canonical driver mutations (such as gain of CCNE1) revealed by The Cancer Genome Atlas or by noncanonical gain of YAP and miR181a. Alternatively, because of the extreme chromosomal instability, spontaneous transformation can be achieved by long passage of murine immortalized cells, whereas in humans, it requires ovulatory follicular fluid, containing regenerating growth factors to facilitate spontaneous transformation. These artificially and spontaneously transformed cell systems in both humans and mice have been widely used to discover carcinogens, oncogenic pathways and malignant behaviours in the development of HGSC. Here, we review the origin, aetiology and carcinogenic mechanism of HGSC and comprehensively summarize the cell models used to study this fatal cancer having multiple cells of origin and overt genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Mei
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Huixiang Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hsuan-Shun Huang
- Center for Prevention and Therapy of Gynecological Cancers, Department of Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Che-Fang Hsu
- Center for Prevention and Therapy of Gynecological Cancers, Department of Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yuligh Liou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Nayiyuan Wu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Tang-Yuan Chu
- Center for Prevention and Therapy of Gynecological Cancers, Department of Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Life Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
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19
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Wang L, Peng F, Peng C, Du JR. Gut Microbiota in Tumor Microenvironment: A Critical Regulator in Cancer Initiation and Development as Potential Targets for Chinese Medicine. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:609-626. [PMID: 33683187 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a disease with a high mortality and disability rate. Cancer consists not only of cancer cells, but also of the surrounding microenvironment and tumor microenvironment (TME) constantly interacting with tumor cells to support tumor development and progression. Over the last decade, accumulating evidence has implicated that microbiota profoundly influences cancer initiation and progression. Most research focuses on gut microbiota, for the gut harbors the largest collection of microorganisms. Gut microbiota includes bacteria, viruses, protozoa, archaea, and fungi in the gastrointestinal tract, affecting DNA damage, host immune response and chronic inflammation in various types of cancer (i.e., colon cancer, gastric cancer and breast cancer). Notably, gut dysbiosis can reshape tumor microenvironment and make it favorable for tumor growth. Recently, accumulating studies have attached the importance of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to cancer treatments, and the bioactive natural compounds have been considered as potential drug candidates to suppress cancer initiation and development. Interestingly, more recent studies demonstrate that TCM could potentially prevent and suppress early-stage cancer progression through the regulation of gut microbiota. This review is on the purpose of exhausting the significance of gut microbiota in the tumor microenvironment as potential targets of Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Fu Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Rong Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
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Baj J, Forma A, Sitarz M, Portincasa P, Garruti G, Krasowska D, Maciejewski R. Helicobacter pylori Virulence Factors-Mechanisms of Bacterial Pathogenicity in the Gastric Microenvironment. Cells 2020; 10:E27. [PMID: 33375694 PMCID: PMC7824444 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer constitutes one of the most prevalent malignancies in both sexes; it is currently the fourth major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The pathogenesis of gastric cancer is associated with the interaction between genetic and environmental factors, among which infection by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is of major importance. The invasion, survival, colonization, and stimulation of further inflammation within the gastric mucosa are possible due to several evasive mechanisms induced by the virulence factors that are expressed by the bacterium. The knowledge concerning the mechanisms of H. pylori pathogenicity is crucial to ameliorate eradication strategies preventing the possible induction of carcinogenesis. This review highlights the current state of knowledge and the most recent findings regarding H. pylori virulence factors and their relationship with gastric premalignant lesions and further carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Baj
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-400 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Alicja Forma
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Monika Sitarz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “Augusto Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Gabriella Garruti
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantations, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Danuta Krasowska
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Paediatric Dermatology of Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
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Mechanisms of the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Tumor Microenvironment in Helicobacter pylori-Induced Gastric Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9041055. [PMID: 32340207 PMCID: PMC7225971 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most common human pathogens, affecting half of the world’s population. Approximately 20% of the infected patients develop gastric ulcers or neoplastic changes in the gastric stroma. An infection also leads to the progression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition within gastric tissue, increasing the probability of gastric cancer development. This paper aims to review the role of H. pylori and its virulence factors in epithelial–mesenchymal transition associated with malignant transformation within the gastric stroma. The reviewed factors included: CagA (cytotoxin-associated gene A) along with induction of cancer stem-cell properties and interaction with YAP (Yes-associated protein pathway), tumor necrosis factor α-inducing protein, Lpp20 lipoprotein, Afadin protein, penicillin-binding protein 1A, microRNA-29a-3p, programmed cell death protein 4, lysosomal-associated protein transmembrane 4β, cancer-associated fibroblasts, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF), matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7), and cancer stem cells (CSCs). The review summarizes the most recent findings, providing insight into potential molecular targets and new treatment strategies for gastric cancer.
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