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Sun Q, Jin C. Cell signaling and epigenetic regulation of nicotine-induced carcinogenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 345:123426. [PMID: 38295934 PMCID: PMC10939829 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Nicotine, a naturally occurring tobacco alkaloid responsible for tobacco addiction, has long been considered non-carcinogenic. However, emerging evidence suggests that nicotine may possess carcinogenic properties in mice and could be a potential carcinogen in humans. This review aims to summarize the potential molecular mechanisms underlying nicotine-induced carcinogenesis, with a specific focus on epigenetic regulation and the activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in addition to genotoxicity and excess reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, we explore a novel hypothesis regarding nicotine's carcinogenicity involving the downregulation of stem-loop binding protein (SLBP), a critical regulator of canonical histone mRNA, and the polyadenylation of canonical histone mRNA. By shedding light on these mechanisms, this review underscores the need for further research to elucidate the carcinogenic potential of nicotine and its implications for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10010, USA; Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110013, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China
| | - Chunyuan Jin
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10010, USA; Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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2
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Liu Y, Ding W, Wang J, Ao X, Xue J. Non-coding RNAs in lung cancer: molecular mechanisms and clinical applications. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1256537. [PMID: 37746261 PMCID: PMC10514911 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1256537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is a heterogeneous disease with high malignant degree, rapid growth, and early metastasis. The clinical outcomes of LC patients are generally poor due to the insufficient elucidation of pathological mechanisms, low efficiency of detection and assessment methods, and lack of individualized therapeutic strategies. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA), are endogenous regulators that are widely involved in the modulation of almost all aspects of life activities, from organogenesis and aging to immunity and cancer. They commonly play vital roles in various biological processes by regulating gene expression via their interactions with DNA, RNA, or protein. An increasing amount of studies have demonstrated that ncRNAs are closely correlated with the initiation and development of LC. Their dysregulation promotes the progression of LC via distinct mechanisms, such as influencing protein activity, activating oncogenic signaling pathways, or altering specific gene expression. Furthermore, some ncRNAs present certain clinical values as biomarker candidates and therapeutic targets for LC patients. A complete understanding of their mechanisms in LC progression may be highly beneficial to developing ncRNA-based therapeutics for LC patients. This review mainly focuses on the intricate mechanisms of miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA involved in LC progression and discuss their underlying applications in LC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Ding
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jianxun Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiang Ao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Junqiang Xue
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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3
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Guo H, Lin S, Gan Z, Xie J, Zhou J, Hu M. lncRNA FOXD3-AS1 promotes the progression of non-small cell lung cancer by regulating the miR-135a-5p/CDK6 axis. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:853. [PMID: 34733371 PMCID: PMC8561623 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is essential to the development and progression of malignant human cancer. Growing evidence suggests that the lncRNA forkhead box D3 antisense 1 (FOXD3-AS1) is a crucial regulatory effector for multiple cancer types and is closely associated with poor prognosis. However, in most cases, the molecular mechanism underlying the role of FOXD3-AS1 in cancer development has not yet been fully elucidated. The present study focused on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in order to gain insight into how FOXD3-AS1 drives cancer progression. First, FOXD3-AS1 expression in NSCLC tissue samples was detected using reverse transcription-quantitative (RT-qPCR). Moreover, cell proliferation and apoptosis were determined using Cell Counting Kit-8 assays and flow cytometry, respectively. A luciferase reporter assay was then performed to determine whether there was a direct binding association between FOXD3-AS1 and microRNA (miR)-135a-5p. Lastly, a tumor subcutaneous xenograft model was established to examine the role of FOXD3-AS1 in tumor growth. FOXD3-AS1 was significantly overexpressed in NSCLC tissue samples and cell lines compared with normal tissue samples and cells. FOXD3-AS1 silencing expression significantly inhibited A549 and H1229 cell proliferation while inducing apoptosis compared with sh-NC group. The luciferase reporter assay demonstrated the direct binding interaction between FOXD3-AS1 and miR-135a-5p. Moreover, FOXD3-AS1 silencing led to the upregulation of miR-135a-5p in A549 and H1229 cells compared with sh-NC group. It was also demonstrated that miR-135a-5p could bind to the 3′ untranslated region of cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) and negatively modulate its transcription. miR-135a-5p knockdown or CDK6 overexpression reversed the inhibition on cell proliferation and apoptosis following FOXD3-AS1 knockdown. Altogether, the present study suggests that FOXD3-AS1 sponges miR-135a-5p to promote cell proliferation and concomitantly inhibit apoptosis by regulating CDK6 expression in NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Nanhai District (Affiliated Nanhai Hospital of Southern Medical University), Foshan, Guangdong 528200, P.R. China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, South China University of Technology, Foshan, Guangdong 528200, P.R. China
| | - Shufang Lin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Nanhai District (Affiliated Nanhai Hospital of Southern Medical University), Foshan, Guangdong 528200, P.R. China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, South China University of Technology, Foshan, Guangdong 528200, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyong Gan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Nanhai District (Affiliated Nanhai Hospital of Southern Medical University), Foshan, Guangdong 528200, P.R. China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, South China University of Technology, Foshan, Guangdong 528200, P.R. China
| | - Jinglian Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, South China University of Technology, Foshan, Guangdong 528200, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, People's Hospital of Nanhai District (Affiliated Nanhai Hospital of Southern Medical University), Foshan, Guangdong 528200, P.R. China
| | - Jiaming Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fifth People's Hospital of Nanhai District, Foshan, Guangdong 528200, P.R. China
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, South China University of Technology, Foshan, Guangdong 528200, P.R. China.,Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Nanhai District (Affiliated Nanhai Hospital of Southern Medical University), Foshan, Guangdong 528200, P.R. China
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4
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Mu R, Liu H, Luo S, Patz EF, Glass C, Su L, Du M, Christiani DC, Jin L, Wei Q. Genetic variants of CHEK1, PRIM2 and CDK6 in the mitotic phase-related pathway are associated with nonsmall cell lung cancer survival. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:1302-1312. [PMID: 34058013 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The mitotic phase is a vital step in cell division and may be involved in cancer progression, but it remains unclear whether genetic variants in mitotic phase-related pathways genes impact the survival of these patients. Here, we investigated associations between 31 032 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 368 mitotic phase-related pathway genes and overall survival (OS) of patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We assessed the associations in a discovery data set of 1185 NSCLC patients from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial and validated the findings in another data set of 984 patients from the Harvard Lung Cancer Susceptibility Study. As a result, we identified three independent SNPs (ie, CHEK1 rs76744140 T>C, PRIM2 rs6939623 G>T and CDK6 rs113181986 G>C) to be significantly associated with NSCLC OS with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.29 (95% confidence interval = 1.11-1.49, P = 8.26 × 10-4 ), 1.26 (1.12-1.42, 1.10 × 10-4 ) and 0.73 (0.63-0.86, 1.63 × 10-4 ), respectively. Moreover, the number of combined unfavorable genotypes of these three SNPs was significantly associated with NSCLC OS and disease-specific survival in the PLCO data set (Ptrend < .0001 and .0003, respectively). Further expression quantitative trait loci analysis showed that the rs76744140C allele predicted CHEK1 mRNA expression levels in normal lung tissues and that rs113181986C allele predicted CDK6 mRNA expression levels in whole blood tissues. Additional analyses indicated CHEK1, PRIM2 and CDK6 may impact NSCLC survival. Taken together, these findings suggested that these genetic variants may be prognostic biomarkers of patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Mu
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sheng Luo
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Edward F Patz
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Radiology, Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carolyn Glass
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Li Su
- Department of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mulong Du
- Department of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Centre for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - David C Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lei Jin
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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LncRNA PCGEM1 contributes to malignant behaviors of glioma by regulating miR-539-5p/CDK6 axis. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:5475-5484. [PMID: 33589577 PMCID: PMC7950308 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Glioma, one of the most prevalent and aggressive cancers, is regulated by long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). This study aims to research the functional mechanism of lncRNA PCGEM1 involved in glioma progression. Methods: Expression levels of PCGEM1, miR-539-5p and CDK6 were analyzed by qRT-PCR in NHA, U251, U87, and LN229 cells or glioma tissues. shRNAs were used to knock down PCGEM1 in U251 and LN229 cells. Kaplan-Meier curve and log rank test were utilized to examine survival rate. CCK8 (Cell Counting Kit-8) assay, colony formation assay and EdU staining were conducted to detect cell proliferation. Transwell assay was performed to evaluate cell migration and invasion. Luciferase reporter assay was conducted to assess RNA interaction between PCGEM1 and miR-539-5p. Nude mice were used for tumor xenograft assay. Results: LncRNA PCGEM1 was upregulated in glioma tissues and tumor cell lines. PCGEM1 upregulation predicted unsatisfactory prognosis. PCGEM1 knockdown inhibited proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion. PCGEM1 knockdown delayed tumor growth in vivo. PCGEM1 played as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR-539-5p to promote CDK6 expression. MiR-539-5p mimics repressed glioma progression while CDK6 overexpression reversed the roles of PCGEM1 knockdown. Conclusion: PCGEM1 knockdown suppressed glioma progression through sponging miR-539-5p and regulating CDK6 expression, implying PCGEM1 as a potential therapeutic target.
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Chen Y, Yang JL, Xue ZZ, Cai QC, Hou C, Li HJ, Zhao LX, Zhang Y, Gao CW, Cong L, Wang TZ, Chen DM, Li GS, Luo SQ, Yao Q, Yang CJ, Zhu QS, Cao CH. Effects and mechanism of microRNA‑218 against lung cancer. Mol Med Rep 2020; 23:28. [PMID: 33179084 PMCID: PMC7673340 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most prevalent and observed type of cancer in Xuanwei County, Yunnan, South China. Lung cancer in this area is called Xuanwei lung cancer. However, its pathogenesis remains largely unknown. To date, a number of studies have shown that microRNA (miR)‑218 functions as a tumor suppressor in multiple types of cancer. However, the role of miR‑218 and its regulatory gene network in Xuanwei lung cancer have yet to be investigated. The current study identified that the expression levels of miR‑218 in XWLC‑05 cells were markedly lower compared with those in immortalized lung epithelial BEAS‑2B cells. The present study also demonstrated that overexpression of miR‑218 could decrease cell proliferation, invasion, viability and migration in Xuanwei lung cancer cell line XWLC‑05 and NSCLC cell line NCI‑H157. Additionally, the results revealed that overexpression of miR‑218 could induce XWLC‑05 and NCI‑H157 cell apoptosis by arresting the cell cycle at G2/M phase. Finally, the present study demonstrated that overexpression of miR‑218 could lead to a significant increase in phosphatase and tensin homolog (<em>PTEN</em>) and YY1 transcription factor (<em>YY1</em>), and a decrease in B‑cell lymphoma 2 (<em>BCL‑2</em>) and BMI1 proto‑oncogene, polycomb ring finger (<em>BMI‑1</em>) at the mRNA and protein level in XWLC‑05 and NCI‑H157 cell lines. However, we did not observe any remarkable difference in the roles of miR‑218 and miR‑218‑mediated regulation of <em>BCL‑2</em>, <em>BMI‑1</em>, <em>PTEN</em> and <em>YY1</em> expression in the progression of Xuanwei lung cancer. In conclusion, miR‑218 could simultaneously suppress cell proliferation and tumor invasiveness and induce cell apoptosis by increasing <em>PTEN</em> and <em>YY1</em> expression, while decreasing <em>BCL‑2</em> and <em>BMI‑1</em> in Xuanwei lung cancer. The results demonstrated that miR‑218 might serve a vital role in tumorigenesis and progression of Xuanwei lung cancer and overexpression of miR‑218 may be a novel approach for the treatment of Xuanwei lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Lin Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Xue
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Chen Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
| | - Chun Hou
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Juan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
| | - Liu-Xin Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
| | - Yin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Wei Gao
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
| | - Li Cong
- YinMore Biotech Co., Ltd., Kunming, Yunnan 650224, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Zuo Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Mei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Sheng Li
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Qing Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
| | - Qian Yao
- Yunnan Cancer Hospital and The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Chan-Juan Yang
- YinMore Biotech Co., Ltd., Kunming, Yunnan 650224, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Shun Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
| | - Chuan-Hai Cao
- Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
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Wang Y, Jiang Y, Chen L. Role of miR-218-GREM1 axis in epithelial-mesenchymal transition of oral squamous cell carcinoma: An in vivo and vitro study based on microarray data. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:13824-13836. [PMID: 33107676 PMCID: PMC7754042 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent cancer that develops in the head and neck area and has high annual mortality despite optimal treatment. microRNA‐218 (miR‐218) is a tumour inhibiting non‐coding RNA that has been reported to suppress the cell proliferation and invasion in various cancers. Thus, our study aims to determine the mechanism underlying the inhibitory role of miR‐218 in OSCC. We conducted a bioinformatics analysis to screen differentially expressed genes in OSCC and their potential upstream miRNAs. After collection of surgical OSCC tissues, we detected GREM1 expression by immunohistochemistry, RT‐qPCR and Western blot analysis, and miR‐218 expression by RT‐qPCR. The target relationship between miR‐218 and GREM1 was assessed by dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay. After loss‐ and gain‐of‐function experiments, OSCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion were determined by MTT assay, scratch test and Transwell assay, respectively. Expression of TGF‐β1, Smad4, p21, E‐cadherin, Vimentin and Snail was measured by RT‐qPCR and Western blot analysis. Finally, effects of miR‐218 and GREM1 on tumour formation and liver metastasis were evaluated in xenograft tumour‐bearing nude mice. GREM1 was up‐regulated, and miR‐218 was down‐regulated in OSCC tissues, and GREM1 was confirmed to be the target gene of miR‐218. Furthermore, after up‐regulating miR‐218 or silencing GREM1, OSCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion were reduced. In addition, expression of TGF‐β signalling pathway‐related genes was diminished by overexpressing miR‐218 or down‐regulating GREM1. Finally, up‐regulated miR‐218 or down‐regulated GREM1 reduced tumour growth and liver metastasis in vivo. Taken together, our findings suggest that the overexpression of miR‐218 may inhibit OSCC progression by inactivating the GREM1‐dependent TGF‐β signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Wang
- Department of E.N.T., Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Yifeng Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, Shandong Medical College, Linyi, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
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