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Dong S, Jia L, Sun S, Hao X, Feng X, Qiu Y, Gu K, Wen Y. TAZ reverses the inhibitory effects of LPS on the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells through the NF-κB signaling pathway. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:733. [PMID: 38926705 PMCID: PMC11210133 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04497-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) are important candidate seed cells for periodontal tissue engineering, but the presence of lipopolysaccharide(LPS) in periodontal tissues inhibits the self-renewal and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. Our previous studies demonstrated that TAZ is a positive regulator of osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs, but whether TAZ can protect hPDLSCs from LPS is still unknown. The present study aimed to explore the regulatory effect of TAZ on the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs in an LPS-induced inflammatory model, and to preliminarily reveal the molecular mechanisms related to the NF-κB signaling pathway. METHODS LPS was added to the culture medium of hPDLSCs. The influence of LPS on hPDLSC proliferation was analyzed by CCK-8 assays. The effects of LPS on hPDLSC osteogenic differentiation were detected by Alizarin Red staining, ALP staining, Western Blot and qRT-PCR analysis of osteogenesis-related genes. The effects of LPS on the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs with TAZ overexpressed or knocked down via lentivirus were analyzed. NF-κB signaling in hPDLSCs was analyzed by Western Blot and immunofluorescence. RESULTS LPS inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs, inhibited TAZ expression, and activated the NF-κB signaling pathway. Overexpressing TAZ in hPDLSCs partly reversed the negative effects of LPS on osteogenic differentiation and inhibited the activation of the NF-κB pathway by LPS. TAZ knockdown enhanced the inhibitory effects of LPS on osteogenesis. CONCLUSION Overexpressing TAZ could partly reverse the inhibitory effects of LPS on the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs, possibly through inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. TAZ is a potential target for improving hPDLSC-based periodontal tissue regeneration in inflammatory environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Dong
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Linglu Jia
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Shaoqing Sun
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xingyao Hao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaomei Feng
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yunge Qiu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Ke Gu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yong Wen
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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Jia L, Tian H, Sun S, Hao X, Wen Y. EID3 inhibits the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells and mediates the signal transduction of TAZ-EID3-AKT/MTOR/ERK. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119662. [PMID: 38216090 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Exploring the molecular mechanisms of cell behaviors is beneficial for promoting periodontal ligament stem cell (PDLSC)-mediated tissue regeneration. This study intends to explore the regulatory effects of EID3 on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and osteogenic differentiation and to preliminarily explore the regulatory mechanism of EID3. Here, EID3 was overexpressed or knocked down in PDLSCs by recombinant lentivirus. Then, cell proliferation activity was analyzed by colony-forming assay, EdU assay, and cell cycle assay. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The osteo-differentiation potential was analyzed using ALP activity assay, ALP staining, alizarin red staining, and mRNA and protein assay of osteo-differentiation related genes. The results showed that when EID3 was knocked down, the proliferation activity and osteogenic differentiation potential of PDLSCs decreased, while they increased when EID3 was overexpressed. The cell apoptosis rate decreased in PDLSCs with EID3 knockdown but increased in PDLSCs with EID3 overexpression. Moreover, EID3 inhibited the transduction of the AKT/MTOR and ERK signaling pathway. In addition, TAZ negatively regulated the expression of EID3, and the overexpression of EID3 partially reversed the promotive effects of TAZ on the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. Taken together, EID3 inhibits the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation while promoting the apoptosis of PDLSCs. EID3 inhibits the transduction of the AKT/MTOR and ERK signaling pathways and mediates the regulatory effect of TAZ on PDLSC osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linglu Jia
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Tian
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China; Department of Stomatology, Rizhao People's Hospital, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Shaoqing Sun
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shandong, China
| | - Xingyao Hao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shandong, China
| | - Yong Wen
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shandong, China.
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Zhao Z, Geng Y, Ni Q, Chen Y, Cao Y, Lu Y, Wang H, Wang R, Sun W. IFT80 promotes early bone healing of tooth sockets through the activation of TAZ/RUNX2 pathway. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 38287672 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Intraflagellar transport (IFT) proteins have been reported to regulate cell growth and differentiation as the essential functional component of primary cilia. The effects of IFT80 on early bone healing of extraction sockets have not been well studied. To investigate whether deletion of Ift80 in alveolar bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells (aBMSCs) affected socket bone healing, we generated a mouse model of specific knockout of Ift80 in Prx1 mesenchymal lineage cells (Prx1Cre ;IFT80f/f ). Our results demonstrated that deletion of IFT80 in Prx1 lineage cells decreased the trabecular bone volume, ALP-positive osteoblastic activity, TRAP-positive osteoclastic activity, and OSX-/COL I-/OCN-positive areas in tooth extraction sockets of Prx1Cre ; IFT80f/f mice compared with IFT80f/f littermates. Furthermore, aBMSCs from Prx1Cre ; IFT80f/f mice showed significantly decreased osteogenic markers and downregulated migration and proliferation capacity. Importantly, the overexpression of TAZ recovered significantly the expressions of osteogenic markers and migration capacity of aBMSCs. Lastly, the local administration of lentivirus for TAZ enhanced the expression of RUNX2 and OSX and promoted early bone healing of extraction sockets from Prx1Cre ; IFT80f/f mice. Thus, IFT80 promotes osteogenesis and early bone healing of tooth sockets through the activation of TAZ/RUNX2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Zhao
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Dental Implantology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Geng
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiaoqi Ni
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanan Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Dental Implantology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yahui Lu
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruixia Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Dental Implantology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Sun
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Ma J, Fan H, Geng H. Distinct and overlapping functions of YAP and TAZ in tooth development and periodontal homeostasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1281250. [PMID: 38259513 PMCID: PMC10800899 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1281250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) involves mechanical-biochemical signal transduction, which results in tissue remodeling of the tooth-periodontium complex and the movement of orthodontic teeth. The dynamic regulation of osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis serves as the biological basis for remodeling of the periodontium, and more importantly, the prerequisite for establishing periodontal homeostasis. Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are key effectors of the Hippo signaling pathway, which actively respond to mechanical stimuli during tooth movement. Specifically, they participate in translating mechanical into biochemical signals, thereby regulating periodontal homeostasis, periodontal remodeling, and tooth development. YAP and TAZ have widely been considered as key factors to prevent dental dysplasia, accelerate orthodontic tooth movement, and shorten treatment time. In this review, we summarize the functions of YAP and TAZ in regulating tooth development and periodontal remodeling, with the aim to gain a better understanding of their mechanisms of action and provide insights into maintaining proper tooth development and establishing a healthy periodontal and alveolar bone environment. Our findings offer novel perspectives and directions for targeted clinical treatments. Moreover, considering the similarities and differences in the development, structure, and physiology between YAP and TAZ, these molecules may exhibit functional variations in specific regulatory processes. Hence, we pay special attention to their distinct roles in specific regulatory functions to gain a comprehensive and profound understanding of their contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- Department of Oral Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Haixia Fan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Haixia Geng
- Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
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Shi L, Ye X, Zhou J, Fang Y, Yang J, Meng M, Zou J. Roles of DNA methylation in influencing the functions of dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Oral Dis 2023. [PMID: 37856651 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE DNA methylation as intensively studied epigenetic regulatory mechanism exerts pleiotropic effects on dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs). DMSCs have self-renewal and multidifferentiation potential. Here, this review aims at summarizing the research status about application of DMSCs in tissue engineering and clarifying the roles of DNA methylation in influencing the functions of DMSCs, with expectation of paving the way for its in-depth exploration in tissue engineering. METHOD The current research status about influence of DNA methylation in DMSCs was acquired by MEDLINE (through PubMed) and Web of Science using the keywords 'DNA methylation', 'dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells', 'dental pulp stem cells', 'periodontal ligament stem cells', 'dental follicle stem cells', 'stem cells from the apical papilla', 'stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth', and 'gingival-derived mesenchymal stem cells'. RESULTS This review indicates DNA methylation affects DMSCs' differentiation and function through inhibiting or enhancing the expression of specific gene resulted by DNA methylation-related genes or relevant inhibitors. CONCLUSION DNA methylation can influence DMSCs in aspects of osteogenesis, adipogenesis, immunomodulatory function, and so on. Yet, the present studies about DNA methylation in DMSCs commonly focus on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). Little has been reported for other DMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingchen Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuwen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiazhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingmei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Wang W, Chen B, Yang J, Li Y, Ding H, Liu H, Yuan C. Sema3A Modified PDLSCs Exhibited Enhanced Osteogenic Capabilities and Stimulated Differentiation of Pre-Osteoblasts. Cell Biochem Biophys 2023; 81:543-552. [PMID: 37421591 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01148-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Genetically engineered stem cells, not only acting as vector delivering growth factors or cytokines but also exhibiting improved cell properties, are promising cells for periodontal tissue regeneration. Sema3A is a power secretory osteoprotective factor. In this study, we aimed to construct Sema3A modified periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and evaluated their osteogenic capability and crosstalk with pre-osteoblasts MC3T3-E1. First, Sema3A modified PDLSCs was constructed using lentivirus infection system carrying Sema3A gene and the transduction efficiency was analyzed. The osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of Sema3A-PDLSCs was evaluated. Then, MC3T3-E1 was directly co-cultured with Sema3A-PDLSCs or cultured in condition medium of Sema3A-PDLSCs and the osteogenic ability of MC3T3-E1 was assessed. The results showed that Sema3A-PDLSCs expressed and secreted upregulated Sema3A protein, which confirmed successful construction of Sema3A modified PDLSCs. After osteogenic induction, Sema3A-PDLSCs expressed upregulated ALP, OCN, RUNX2, and SP7 mRNA, expressed higher ALP activity, and produced more mineralization nodes, compared with Vector-PDLSCs. Whereas, there was no obvious differences in proliferation between Sema3A-PDLSCs and Vector-PDLSCs. MC3T3-E1 expressed upregulated mRNA of ALP, OCN, RUNX2, and SP7 when directly co-cultured with Sema3A-PDLSCs than Vector-PDLSCs. MC3T3-E1 also expressed upregulated osteogenic markers, showed higher ALP activity, and produced more mineralization nodes when cultured using condition medium of Sema3A-PDLSCs instead of Vector-PDLSCs. In conclusion, our results indicated that Sema3A modified PDLSCs showed enhanced osteogenic capability, and also facilitated differentiation of pre-osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wang
- School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Banghui Chen
- School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jintao Yang
- School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yizhou Li
- School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Haonan Ding
- School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Liu
- School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
| | - Changyong Yuan
- School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
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Yang S, Huang F, Zhang F, Sheng X, Fan W, Dissanayaka WL. Emerging Roles of YAP/TAZ in Tooth and Surrounding: from Development to Regeneration. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023:10.1007/s12015-023-10551-z. [PMID: 37178226 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10551-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Yes associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are ubiquitous transcriptional co-activators that control organ development, homeostasis, and tissue regeneration. Current in vivo evidence suggests that YAP/TAZ regulates enamel knot formation during murine tooth development, and is indispensable for dental progenitor cell renewal to support constant incisor growth. Being a critical sensor for cellular mechano-transduction, YAP/TAZ lays at the center of the complex molecular network that integrates mechanical cues from the dental pulp chamber and surrounding periodontal tissue into biochemical signals, dictating in vitro cell proliferation, differentiation, stemness maintenance, and migration of dental stem cells. Moreover, YAP/TAZ-mediated cell-microenvironment interactions also display essential regulatory roles during biomaterial-guided dental tissue repair and engineering in some animal models. Here, we review recent advances in YAP/TAZ functions in tooth development, dental pulp, and periodontal physiology, as well as dental tissue regeneration. We also highlight several promising strategies that harness YAP/TAZ activation for promoting dental tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyan Yang
- Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fuping Zhang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Sheng
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenguo Fan
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Waruna Lakmal Dissanayaka
- Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Zhao Z, Liu J, Weir MD, Schneider A, Ma T, Oates TW, Xu HHK, Zhang K, Bai Y. Periodontal ligament stem cell-based bioactive constructs for bone tissue engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1071472. [PMID: 36532583 PMCID: PMC9755356 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1071472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Stem cell-based tissue engineering approaches are promising for bone repair and regeneration. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are a promising cell source for tissue engineering, especially for maxillofacial bone and periodontal regeneration. Many studies have shown potent results via PDLSCs in bone regeneration. In this review, we describe recent cutting-edge researches on PDLSC-based bone regeneration and periodontal tissue regeneration. Data and sources: An extensive search of the literature for papers related to PDLSCs-based bioactive constructs for bone tissue engineering was made on the databases of PubMed, Medline and Google Scholar. The papers were selected by three independent calibrated reviewers. Results: Multiple types of materials and scaffolds have been combined with PDLSCs, involving xeno genic bone graft, calcium phosphate materials and polymers. These PDLSC-based constructs exhibit the potential for bone and periodontal tissue regeneration. In addition, various osteo inductive agents and strategies have been applied with PDLSCs, including drugs, biologics, gene therapy, physical stimulation, scaffold modification, cell sheets and co-culture. Conclusoin: This review article demonstrates the great potential of PDLSCs-based bioactive constructs as a promising approach for bone and periodontal tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqing Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Michael D. Weir
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Abraham Schneider
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Thomas W. Oates
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Hockin H. K. Xu
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Li J, Du H, Ji X, Chen Y, Li Y, Heng BC, Xu J. ETV2 promotes osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells through the ERK/MAPK and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:495. [PMID: 36195958 PMCID: PMC9533526 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03052-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The repair of cranio-maxillofacial bone defects remains a formidable clinical challenge. The Ets variant 2 (ETV2) transcription factor, which belongs to the E26 transformation-specific (ETS) family, has been reported to play a key role in neovascularization. However, the role of ETV2 in the osteogenesis of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) remains unexplored. Methods Transgenic overexpression of ETV2 was achieved using a lentiviral vector, based on a Dox-inducible system. The effects of Dox-induced overexpression of ETV2 on the osteogenesis of hDPSCs were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot, immunofluorescence staining, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, and Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining. Additionally, RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis was performed to analyze the underlying mechanisms of ETV2-induced osteogenesis. Additionally, the role of ETV2 overexpression in bone formation in vivo was validated by animal studies with a rat calvarial defect model and a nude mice model. Results Our results demonstrated that ETV2 overexpression significantly upregulated the mRNA and protein expression levels of osteogenic markers, markedly enhanced ALP activity, and promoted matrix mineralization of hDPSCs. Moreover, the results of RNA-Seq analysis and western blot showed that the ERK/MAPK and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways were activated upon transgenic overexpression of ETV2. The enhanced osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs due to ETV2 overexpression was partially reversed by treatment with inhibitors of ERK/MAPK or PI3K-AKT signaling. Furthermore, the results of in vivo studies demonstrated that ETV2 overexpression improved bone healing in a rat calvarial defect model and increased ectopic bone formation in nude mice. Conclusions Collectively, our results indicated that ETV2 overexpression exerted positive effects on the osteogenesis of hDPSCs, at least partially via the ERK/MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-03052-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoran Du
- Key Lab of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, 69 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Ji
- Key Lab of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, 69 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihan Chen
- Key Lab of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, 69 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yishuai Li
- Key Lab of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, 69 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Boon Chin Heng
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguang Xu
- Key Lab of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, 69 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China.
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10
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CTGF Promotes the Osteoblast Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells by Positively Regulating BMP2/Smad Signal Transduction. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:2938015. [PMID: 36158888 PMCID: PMC9499771 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2938015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective This work is aimed at revealing the role and the molecular mechanism of connective tissue growth factor 2 (CTGF) in the osteoblast differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). Methods The osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs was induced by osteogenic induction medium (OM), and the expression level of osteogenic related proteins ALP, RUNX2, OCN, and CTGF was estimated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting analysis. We constructed cell lines with CTGF overexpression or knockdown to verify the role of CTGF in the osteoblast differentiation of PDLSCs. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining was introduced to measure the osteoblasts activity, and alizarin red S (ARS) staining was employed to test matrix mineralization. The interaction between CTGF and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) was determined by endogenous coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP). Results The expression level of CTGF was increased during the osteogenic induction of PDLSCs. Additionally, CTGF overexpression effectively maintained the stemness and facilitated the osteoblast differentiation in PDLSCs, and CTGF knockdown exerted opposite effects. Moreover, at molecular mechanism, CTGF increased the activity of BMP-2/Smad signaling pathway. Conclusion This investigation verified that CTGF promotes the osteoblast differentiation in PDLSCs at least partly by activating BMP-2/Smad cascade signal.
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11
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Chen M, Lin X, Zhang L, Hu X. Effects of nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway on periodontal ligament stem cells under lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. Bioengineered 2022; 13:7951-7961. [PMID: 35297308 PMCID: PMC9208442 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2051690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces inflammatory stress and apoptosis. This study focused on the effect of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) after LPS induction and its mechanism. We first isolated hPDLSCs from human tooth root samples in vitro. Then, flow cytometry detected positive expression of cell surface antigens CD146 and STRO-1 and negative expression of CD45, suggesting the hPDLSCs were successfully isolated. LPS significantly induced increased apoptosis and diminished proliferation of hPDLSCs. The NF-κB pathway agonist phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or p65 overexpression inhibited the proliferation of LPS-treated hPDLSCs and promoted apoptosis. PMA also promoted LPS-induced up-regulation of the expression of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6 and down-regulation of the expression of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10. Additionally, LPS was confirmed to lead to a reduction of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium nodules, and expression of osteogenic markers Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and osteopontin. This reduction could be promoted by PMA. Western blotting further indicated that PMA could promote LPS-induced decrease of expression of p65 (cytoplasm), and total cellular proteins IKKα and IKKβ in hPDLSCs, while protein expression of p-IκBα (cytoplasm) and p65 (nucleus), and p-IκBα/IκBα ratio was elevated. By contrast, inhibition of the NF-κB pathway (PDTC) or small-interfering RNA targeting NF-κB/p65 (p65 siRNA) showed the opposite results. In conclusion, activation of NF-κB signaling in LPS-induced inflammatory environment can inhibit the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. This study provides a theory foundation for the clinical treatment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaobo Lin
- Department of Stomatology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Department of Stomatology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China.,Department of Rehabilitation, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
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12
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A hierarchical bilayer architecture for complex tissue regeneration. Bioact Mater 2021; 10:93-106. [PMID: 34901532 PMCID: PMC8636921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineering a complete, physiologically functional, periodontal complex structure remains a great clinical challenge due to the highly hierarchical architecture of the periodontium and coordinated regulation of multiple growth factors required to induce stem cell multilineage differentiation. Using biomimetic self-assembly and microstamping techniques, we construct a hierarchical bilayer architecture consisting of intrafibrillarly mineralized collagen resembling bone and cementum, and unmineralized parallel-aligned fibrils mimicking periodontal ligament. The prepared biphasic scaffold possesses unique micro/nano structure, differential mechanical properties, and growth factor-rich microenvironment between the two phases, realizing a perfect simulation of natural periodontal hard/soft tissue interface. The interconnected porous hard compartment with a Young's modulus of 1409.00 ± 160.83 MPa could induce cross-arrangement and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells in vitro, whereas the micropatterned soft compartment with a Young's modulus of 42.62 ± 4.58 MPa containing abundant endogenous growth factors, could guide parallel arrangement and fibrogenic differentiation of stem cells in vitro. After implantation in critical-sized complete periodontal tissue defect, the biomimetic bilayer architecture potently reconstructs native periodontium with the insertion of periodontal ligament fibers into newly formed cementum and alveolar bone by recruiting host mesenchymal stem cells and activating the transforming growth factor beta 1/Smad3 signaling pathway. Taken together, integration of self-assembly and microstamping strategies could successfully fabricate a hierarchical bilayer architecture, which exhibits great potential for recruiting and regulating host stem cells to promote synergistic regeneration of hard/soft tissues.
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13
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Li Y, Xu Z, Chang S. Glucocorticoids induce osteonecrosis of the femoral head through the Hippo signaling pathway. Open Life Sci 2021; 16:1130-1140. [PMID: 34746414 PMCID: PMC8549681 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2021-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) induced by glucocorticoids (GCs) has been considered to be associated with the dysfunction of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Studies have reported that GCs can regulate the normal differentiation of BMSCs. However, the exact mechanism of this regulation remains unclear. In this study, we used methylprednisolone (MPS) to induce BMSCs, and then found that the Hippo signaling pathway was upregulated in a dose-dependent manner compared to that in the control group. In addition, the osteogenic ability of BMSCs was decreased, as evaluated by Alizarin Red S staining analysis and alkaline phosphatase activity assays, accompanied by the downregulated expression of Runx2, osteopontin, and osteocalcin. Additionally, the adipogenic capacity of BMSCs under the MPS conditions was increased, as identified by Oil Red O staining with upregulated triglyceride and PPARγ expression. Moreover, suppression by knockdown of MST1 was found to attenuate the Hippo signaling pathway and adipogenic differentiation, while enhancing osteogenic differentiation. In conclusion, our findings revealed that the Hippo signaling pathway was involved in GC-ONFH by affecting the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation capacities of BMSCs. Our study could provide a basis for further investigation of the specific function of the Hippo pathway in ONFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, No. 278 Baoguang Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zechuan Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (Nuclear Industry 416 Hospital), Chengdu 610057, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Chang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, No. 278 Baoguang Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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14
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Chen J, Cheng J, Zhao C, Zhao B, Mi J, Li W. The Hippo pathway: a renewed insight in the craniofacial diseases and hard tissue remodeling. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:4060-4072. [PMID: 34671220 PMCID: PMC8495397 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.63305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway plays an important role in many pathophysiological processes, including cell proliferation and differentiation, cell death, cell migration and invasion. Because of its extensive functions, Hippo pathway is closely related to not only growth and development, but also many diseases, including inflammation and cancer. In this study, the role of Hippo pathway in craniofacial diseases and hard tissue remodeling was reviewed, in attempting to find new research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jingyi Cheng
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Cong Zhao
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Boxuan Zhao
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jia Mi
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-strength Structural Materials, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.,State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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15
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TAZ as a novel regulator of oxidative damage in decidualization via Nrf2/ARE/Foxo1 pathway. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1307-1318. [PMID: 34497345 PMCID: PMC8492733 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00655-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TAZ, as a crucial effector of Hippo pathway, is required for spermatogenesis and fertilization, but little is known regarding its physiological function in uterine decidualization. In this study, we showed that TAZ was localized in the decidua, where it promoted stromal cell proliferation followed by accelerated G1/S phase transition via Ccnd3 and Cdk4 and induced the expression or activity of stromal differentiation markers Prl8a2, Prl3c1 and ALP, indicating the importance of TAZ in decidualization. Knockdown of TAZ impeded HB-EGF induction of stromal cell proliferation and differentiation. Under oxidative stress, TAZ protected stromal differentiation against oxidative damage by reducing intracellular ROS and enhancing cellular antioxidant capacity dependent on the Nrf2/ARE/Foxo1 pathway. TAZ strengthened the transcriptional activity of Nrf2 which directly bound to the antioxidant response element (ARE) of Foxo1 promoter region. Additionally, silencing TAZ caused accumulation of intracellular ROS through heightening NOX activity whose blockade by APO reversed the disruption in stromal differentiation. Further analysis revealed that TAZ might restore mitochondrial function, as indicated by the increase in ATP level, mtDNA copy number and mitochondrial membrane potential with the reduction in mitochondrial superoxide. Additionally, TAZ modulated the activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I and III whose suppression by ROT and AA resulted in the inability of TAZ to defend against oxidative damage to stromal differentiation. Moreover, TAZ prevented stromal cell apoptosis by upregulating Bcl2 expression and inhibiting Casp3 activity and Bax expression. In summary, TAZ might mediate HB-EGF function in uterine decidualization through Ccnd3 and ameliorate oxidative damage to stromal cell differentiation via Nrf2/ARE/Foxo1 pathway. A protein known to regulate cell proliferation plays a key role in preparing a woman’s uterus for pregnancy, a finding that could inform future treatments for female infertility. A team led by Zhan-Peng Yue and Bin Guo from Jilin University, Changchun, China, examined the role of a co-activator protein called TAZ in decidualization, the process in which the uterine lining changes hormonally and biochemically following ovulation. The researchers showed that TAZ levels build up in the mucosal lining of the uterus, where the protein works with various regulators of the cell cycle to promote the proliferation of connective tissue cells known as stromal cells, which support early embryonic development. The researchers demonstrated that in the face of oxidative stress TAZ helps orchestrate molecular detoxification mechanisms that protect these stromal cells from damage.
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16
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Deng L, Chen Y, Guo J, Han X, Guo Y. Roles and mechanisms of YAP/TAZ in orthodontic tooth movement. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7792-7800. [PMID: 33843049 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are transcriptional coactivators encoded by paratactic homologous genes, shuttle-crossing between cytoplasm and nucleus to regulate the gene expression and cell behavior and standing at the center place of the sophisticated regulatory networking of mechanotransduction. Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is a process in which extracellular mechanical stimuli are transformed into intracellular biochemical signals to regulate cellular responses and tissue remodeling. Literature studies have confirmed that YAP/TAZ plays an important role not only in embryonic development, homeostasis and tumorigenesis, but also in mechanical-biochemical signal transduction of periodontal tissues under the mediation of various signal molecules in its upstream and downstream. Herein, we review the advances in the roles and mechanisms of YAP/TAZ in OTM to provide insights for better understanding and further study of the OTM and possible targeted clinical intervention in orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanzhi Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yilin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiusi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianglong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongwen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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17
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Hu P, Gao Q, Zheng H, Tian Y, Zheng G, Yao X, Zhang J, Wu X, Sui L. The Role and Activation Mechanism of TAZ in Hierarchical Microgroove/Nanopore Topography-Mediated Regulation of Stem Cell Differentiation. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:1021-1036. [PMID: 33603366 PMCID: PMC7887154 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s283406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the role and activation mechanism of TAZ in periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) perceiving hierarchical microgroove/nanopore topography. Materials and Methods Titanium surface with hierarchical microgroove/nanopore topography fabricated by selective laser melting combined with alkali heat treatment (SLM-AHT) was used as experimental group, smooth titanium surface (Ti) and sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched (SLA) titanium surface were employed as control groups. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assays, qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence were carried out to evaluate the effect of SLM-AHT surface on PDLSC differentiation. Moreover, TAZ activation was investigated from the perspective of nuclear localization to transcriptional activity. TAZ knockdown PDLSCs were seeded on three titanium surfaces to detect osteogenesis- and adipogenesis-related gene expression levels. Immunofluorescence and Western blotting were employed to investigate the effect of the SLM-AHT surface on actin cytoskeletal polymerization and MAPK signaling pathway. Cytochalasin D and MAPK signaling pathway inhibitors were used to determine whether actin cytoskeletal polymerization and the MAPK signaling pathway were indispensable for TAZ activation. Results Our results showed that SLM-AHT surface had a greater potential to promote PDLSC osteogenic differentiation while inhibiting adipogenic differentiation than the other two groups. The nuclear localization and transcriptional activity of TAZ were strongly enhanced on the SLM-AHT surface. Moreover, after TAZ knockdown, the enhanced osteogenesis and decreased adipogenesis in SLM-AHT group could not be observed. In addition, SLM-AHT surface could promote actin cytoskeletal polymerization and upregulate p-ERK and p-p38 protein levels. After treatment with cytochalasin D and MAPK signaling pathway inhibitors, differences in the TAZ subcellular localization and transcriptional activity were no longer observed among the different titanium surfaces. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that actin cytoskeletal polymerization and MAPK signaling pathway activation triggered by SLM-AHT surface were essential for TAZ activation, which played a dominant role in SLM-AHT surface-induced stem cell fate decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Hu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tianjin Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cell Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Gao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tianjin Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cell Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Zheng
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tianjin Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cell Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujuan Tian
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tianjin Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cell Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoying Zheng
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tianjin Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Yao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tianjin Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjiang Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tianjin Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Sui
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tianjin Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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18
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miR-29a-5p Targets SATB2 and Regulates the SIRT1/Smad3 Deacetylation Pathway to Inhibit Thoracic Ligamentum Flavum Cell Osteogenesis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2020; 45:E1057-E1065. [PMID: 32205703 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000003505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Experimental analysis of the thoracic ligamentum flavum cell osteogenic differentiation process. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the role of miR-29a-5p and special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2) in a pathological osteogenic process. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum (TOLF) is an uncommon disease wherein ligaments within the spine undergo progressive ossification, resulting in stenosis of the spinal canal and myelopathy. MiR-29a-5p was found to be downregulated in ligament cells from ossified ligament tissue in a previous study. However, whether miR-29a-5p is involved in the process of TOLF has not been investigated. METHODS The expression of miR-29a-5p in ligament tissues or in the context of TOLF osteogenic cell differentiation was measured via qRT-PCR. Alkaline phosphatase activity assay and Alizarin red staining were used to analyze cellular osteogenesis. The protein-level expression of SATB2, SIRT1, and Smad3 were measured via immunohistochemistry or western blotting. Dual luciferase reporter assays and western blotting were used to confirm that miR-29a targets SATB2. RESULTS SATB2 was found to be upregulated and miR-29a-5p was downregulated in TOLF tissue. We additionally observed decreased miR-29a-5p expression during the process of TOLF osteogenic cell differentiation, and there was a marked reduction in the expression of key mediators of osteogenesis when miR-29a-5p was overexpressed. Consistent with this, when miR-29a-5p was inhibited this led to enhanced osteogenic cell differentiation of these cells. We further found miR-29a-5p to directly target and suppress the expression of SATB2. Knock-down of SATB2 was sufficient to reduce the ability of miR-29a-5p to inhibit osteogenesis, and this also led to decreased SIRT1 expression and Smad3 acetylation. CONCLUSION Together our findings indicate that miR-29a-5p is able to prevent thoracic ligamentum flavum cell osteogenesis at least in part via targeting SATB2 and thereby suppressing the SIRT1/Smad3 deacetylation pathway. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.
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19
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Duan Y, An W, Wu Y, Wang J. Tetramethylpyrazine reduces inflammation levels and the apoptosis of LPS‑stimulated human periodontal ligament cells via the downregulation of miR‑302b. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:1918-1926. [PMID: 32236610 PMCID: PMC7169953 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is the main cause of tooth or tissue loss. Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs), which have high proliferative, self-renewal and multi-differentiation abilities, are vital for the restoration of periodontitis-induced injuries. The anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic agent, tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), is a promising agent used for the protection of PDLSCs from apoptosis and inflammation induced by periodontitis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of TMP on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated hPDLSCs. LPS-stimulated hPDLSCs were established as the cell model. CCK-8 assay was performed to evaluate cell viability, western blot analysis was performed to measure protein expression and flow cytometry was performed to detect cell apoptosis levels. Detection kits were used to evaluate the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis was performed to detect gene expression. TMP alleviated the effects of LPS on cell viability, inflammation levels and cell apoptosis. TMP downregulated microRNA (miR)-302b levels in LPS-stimulated cells. Transfection with miR-302b mimic reversed the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of TMP on LPS-stimulated cells. TMP reduced inflammation and the apoptosis of LPS-stimulated human periodontal ligament cells via the downregulation of miR-302b. The anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects exerted by TMP render it a promising agent for the protection of PDLSCs from injuries induced by periodontitis. The findings of the present study may aid in the development of a novel strategy for the treatment of periodontitis and may pave the way for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Duan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, P.R. China
| | - Wei An
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, P.R. China
| | - Yunxia Wu
- Department of Oral Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
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