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Kazemi M, Montazersaheb S, Noroozpour M, Farajnia S, Nozad Charoudeh H. Modulatory Effect of Vitamin C on Hypoxia Induced Breast Cancer Stem Cells. Adv Pharm Bull 2023; 13:792-798. [PMID: 38022819 PMCID: PMC10676544 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Eliminating cancer stem cells (CSCs) is a challenge because of their enhanced resistance to anti-cancer drugs. Vitamin C, which is insufficient in patients with higher stages of cancer, has been gaining attention as a potential treatment for human malignancies. Hence this study aimed to analyze the effect of high-dose vitamin C treatment on the gene expression level of HIF-1α, NF-κB1, BAX, and DNMT1 in the MCF7 cells undergoing hypoxia, as an inducer of CSCs characteristics. As a result, vitamin C could be possibly used as a promising therapeutic adjuvant. Methods Here we first analyzed the breast CSC population alteration in MCF7 cells following hypoxia induction. Then, we evaluated the impact of vitamin C treatment on the gene expression level of four stemness-related genes in hypoxic MCF7 cells. Results Our results indicate that vitamin C could reduce proliferation and stemness states in CSCs possibly by induction of apoptotic markers such as BAX, along with attenuating stemness markers, including NF-κB1, and DNMT1 gene expressions. Conclusion According to our findings, vitamin C administration would become a new approach to avoiding the stimulation of CSCs during cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Kazemi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Montazersaheb
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mina Noroozpour
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Safar Farajnia
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Chaudhury D, Sen U, Biswas S, Shenoy P S, Bose B. Assessment of Threshold Dose of Thoron Inhalation and Its Biological Effects by Mimicking the Radiation Doses in Monazite Placer Deposits Corresponding to the Normal, Medium and Very High Natural Background Radiation Areas. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:2927-2941. [PMID: 36048359 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03398-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The dose contributed from thoron (220Rn) and its progeny has been neglected in the dose assessment because of its short half-life (t1/2 = 55.6 s) and generally low concentrations. Recently, concentrations of 220Rn gas and its progeny were found to be pronounced in the traditional residential dwellings in China, on beaches of India and in other countries. Accordingly, we investigated the biological effects of thoron (220Rn) decay products in various mouse organs, succeeding inhalation of thoron gas in BALB/c mouse. We investigated the biological effects upon thoron inhalation on mouse organs with a focus on oxidative stress. These mice were divided into (4 random groups): sham inhalation, thoron inhalation for 1, 4 and 10 days. Various tissues (lung, liver and kidney) were then collected after the time points and subjected to various biochemical analyses. Immediately after inhalation, mouse tissues were excised for gamma spectrometry and 72 h post inhalation for biochemical assays. The gamma spectrometry counts and its subsequent calculation of the equivalent dose showed varied distribution in the lung, liver and kidney. Our results suggest that acute thoron inhalation showed a differential effect on the antioxidant function and exerted pathophysiological alterations via oxidative stress in organs at a higher dose. These findings suggested that thoron inhalation could alter the redox state in organs; however, its characteristics were dependent on the total redox system of the organs as well as the thoron concentration and inhalation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debajit Chaudhury
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Derlakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Utsav Sen
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Derlakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Siddhartha Biswas
- Department of Onco-Pathology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Derlakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Sudheer Shenoy P
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Derlakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India.
| | - Bipasha Bose
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Derlakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India.
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Sen U, Coleman C, Sen T. Stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase-1: multitasker in cancer, metabolism, and ferroptosis. Trends Cancer 2023; 9:480-489. [PMID: 37029018 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer progression is a highly balanced process and is maintained by a sequence of finely tuned metabolic pathways. Stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase-1 (SCD1), the fatty enzyme that converts saturated fatty acids into monounsaturated fatty acids, is a critical modulator of the fatty acid metabolic pathway. SCD1 expression is associated with poor prognosis in several cancer types. SCD1 triggers an iron-dependent cell death called ferroptosis and elevated levels of SCD1 protect cancer cells against ferroptosis. Pharmacological inhibition of SCD1 as monotherapy and in combination with chemotherapeutic agents shows promising antitumor potential in preclinical models. In this review, we summarize the role of SCD in cancer cell progression, survival, and ferroptosis and discuss potential strategies to exploit SCD1 inhibition in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utsav Sen
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Charles Coleman
- The Bioinformatics for Next Generation Sequencing (BiNGS) Core, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Triparna Sen
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Sen U, Shanavas S, Nagendra AH, Nihad M, Chaudhury D, Rachamalla HK, Banerjee R, Shenoy P S, Bose B. Significance of Oct-4 transcription factor as a pivotal therapeutic target for CD44 + /24 - mammary tumor initiating cells: Aiming at the root of the recurrence. Cell Biol Int 2023; 47:742-753. [PMID: 36573403 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) remains one of the deadliest and frequently diagnosed metastatic cancers worldwide. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the cell population within the tumor niche, having an epithelial to mesenchymal (EMT) transition phenotype, high self-renewal, vigorous metastatic capacity, drug resistance, and tumor relapse. Identification of targets for induction of apoptosis is essential to provide novel therapeutic approaches in BC. Our earlier studies showed that Vitamin C induces apoptotic cell death by losing redox balance in TNBC CSCs. In this study, we have attempted to identify previously unrecognized CSC survival factors that can be used as druggable targets for bCSCs apoptosis regulators isolated from the TNBC line, MDA MB 468. After a thorough literature review, Oct-4 was identified as the most promising marker for its unique abundance in cancer and absence in normal cells and the contribution of Oct-4 to the sustenance of cancer cells. We then validated a very high expression of Oct-4 in the MDA MB 468 bCSCs population using flow-cytometry. The loss of Oct-4 was carried out using small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown in the bCSCs, followed by assessing for cellular apoptosis. Our results indicated that Oct-4 knockdown induced cell death, changes in cellular morphology, inhibited mammosphere formation, and positive for Annexin-V expression, thereby indicating the role of Oct-4 in bCSC survival. Moreover, our findings also suggest the direct interaction between Oct-4 and Vitamin C using in silico docking. This data, hence, contributes towards novel information about Oct-4 highlighting this molecule as a novel survival factor in bCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utsav Sen
- Stem cells and regenerative medicine centre, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be university), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shanooja Shanavas
- Stem cells and regenerative medicine centre, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be university), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Apoorva H Nagendra
- Stem cells and regenerative medicine centre, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be university), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Muhammad Nihad
- Stem cells and regenerative medicine centre, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be university), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Debajit Chaudhury
- Stem cells and regenerative medicine centre, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be university), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Hari K Rachamalla
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajkumar Banerjee
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sudheer Shenoy P
- Stem cells and regenerative medicine centre, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be university), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Bipasha Bose
- Stem cells and regenerative medicine centre, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be university), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Das U, Shanavas S, Nagendra AH, Kar B, Roy N, Vardhan S, Sahoo SK, Panda D, Bose B, Paira P. Luminescent 11-{Naphthalen-1-yl}dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine-Based Ru(II)/Ir(III)/Re(I) Complexes for HCT-116 Colorectal Cancer Stem Cell Therapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:410-424. [PMID: 36638050 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to a number of unpleasant considerations, marketed drugs have steadily lost their importance in the treatment of cancer. In order to find a viable cancer cell diagnostic agent, we therefore focused on metal complexes that displayed target adequacy, permeability to cancer cells, high standard water solubility, cytoselectivity, and luminescent behavior. In this aspect, luminescent 11-{naphthalen-1-yl} dipyrido [3,2-a:2',3'-c] phenazine based Ru(II)/Ir(III)/Re(I) complexes have been prepared for HCT-116 colorectal cancer stem cell therapy. Our study successfully established the possible cytotoxicity of IrL complex at different doses on HCT-116 colorectal cancer stem cells (CRCSCs). Additionally, an immunochemistry analysis of the complex IrL showed that the molecule was subcellularly localized in the nucleus and other regions of the cytoplasm, where it caused nuclear DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. The level of BAX and Bcl-2 was further quantified by qRT-PCR. The expression of proapoptotic BAX showed increased expression in the complex IrL-treated cell compared to the control, indicating the potential of complex IrL for apoptotic induction. Upon further validation, complex IrL was developed as an inhibitor of autophagy for the eradication of cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utpal Das
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Shanooja Shanavas
- Department Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Institution Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, University Road, Derlakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Apoorva H Nagendra
- Department Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Institution Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, University Road, Derlakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Binoy Kar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Nilmadhab Roy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Seshu Vardhan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, S. V. National Institute of Technology (SVNIT) Ichchanath, Surat 395007, Gujrat, India
| | - Suban K Sahoo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, S. V. National Institute of Technology (SVNIT) Ichchanath, Surat 395007, Gujrat, India
| | - Debashis Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology (Institute of National Importance (GOI Act. 54/2007), Jais 229304, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bipasha Bose
- Department Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Institution Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, University Road, Derlakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Priyankar Paira
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamilnadu, India
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Chaudhury D, Sen U, Sahoo BK, Bhat NN, Kumara K S, Karunakara N, Biswas S, Shenoy P S, Bose B. Thorium promotes lung, liver and kidney damage in BALB/c mouse via alterations in antioxidant systems. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 363:109977. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Role of Vitamin C in Selected Malignant Neoplasms in Women. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040882. [PMID: 35215535 PMCID: PMC8876016 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the first reports describing the anti-cancer properties of vitamin C published several decades ago, its actual effectiveness in fighting cancer has been under investigation and widely discussed. Some scientific reports indicate that vitamin C in high concentrations can contribute to effective and selective destruction of cancer cells. Furthermore, preclinical and clinical studies have shown that relatively high doses of vitamin C administered intravenously in ‘pharmacological concentrations’ may not only be well-tolerated, but significantly improve patients’ quality of life. This seems to be particularly important, especially for terminal cancer patients. However, the relatively high frequency of vitamin C use by cancer patients means that the potential clinical benefits may not be obvious. For this reason, in this review article, we focus on the articles published mainly in the last two decades, describing possible beneficial effects of vitamin C in preventing and treating selected malignant neoplasms in women, including breast, cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancer. According to the reviewed studies, vitamin C use may contribute to an improvement of the overall quality of life of patients, among others, by reducing chemotherapy-related side effects. Nevertheless, new clinical trials are needed to collect stronger evidence of the role of this nutrient in supportive cancer treatment.
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Chandrika M, Chua PJ, Muniasamy U, Huang RYJ, Thike AA, Ng CT, Tan PH, Yip GW, Bay BH. Prognostic significance of phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 186:655-665. [PMID: 33625616 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer affecting women worldwide. Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) is an oxidoreductase in the serine biosynthesis pathway. Although it has been reported to affect growth of various tumors, its role in breast cancer is largely unknown. This study aimed to analyze the expression of PHGDH in breast cancer tissue samples and to determine if PHGDH regulates breast cancer cell proliferation. METHODS Tissue microarrays consisting of 305 cases of breast invasive ductal carcinoma were used for immunohistochemical evaluation of PHGDH expression. The role of PHGDH in breast cancer was investigated in vitro by knocking down its expression and determining the effect on cell proliferation and cell cycling, and in ovo by using a chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. RESULTS Immunohistochemical examination showed that PHGDH is mainly localized in the cytoplasm of breast cancer cells and significantly associated with higher cancer grade, larger tumor size, increased PCNA expression, and lymph node positivity. Analysis of the GOBO dataset of 737 patients demonstrated that increased PHGDH expression was associated with poorer overall survival. Knockdown of PHGDH expression in breast cancer cells in vitro resulted in a decrease in cell proliferation, reduction in cells entering the S phase of the cell cycle, and downregulation of various cell cycle regulatory genes. The volume of breast tumor in an in ovo CAM assay was found to be smaller when PHGDH was silenced. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that PHGDH has a regulatory role in breast cancer cell proliferation and may be a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthukrishnan Chandrika
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117594, Singapore
| | - Pei Jou Chua
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117594, Singapore
| | - Umamaheswari Muniasamy
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117594, Singapore
| | - Ruby Yun Ju Huang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Aye Aye Thike
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Cheng Teng Ng
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117594, Singapore
| | - Puay Hoon Tan
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - George W Yip
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117594, Singapore.
| | - Boon Huat Bay
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117594, Singapore.
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