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Lian W, Yang X, Duan Q, Li J, Zhao Y, Yu C, He T, Sun T, Zhao Y, Wang W. The Biological Activity of Ganoderma lucidum on Neurodegenerative Diseases: The Interplay between Different Active Compounds and the Pathological Hallmarks. Molecules 2024; 29:2516. [PMID: 38893392 PMCID: PMC11173733 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases represent a cluster of conditions characterized by the progressive degeneration of the structure and function of the nervous system. Despite significant advancements in understanding these diseases, therapeutic options remain limited. The medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum has been recognized for its comprehensive array of bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects, which possess potential neuroprotective properties. This literature review collates and examines the existing research on the bioactivity of active compounds and extracts from Ganoderma lucidum in modulating the pathological hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases. The structural information and preparation processes of specific components, such as individual ganoderic acids and unique fractions of polysaccharides, are presented in detail to facilitate structure-activity relationship research and scale up the investigation of in vivo pharmacology. The mechanisms of these components against neurodegenerative diseases are discussed on multiple levels and elaborately categorized in different patterns. It is clearly presented from the patterns that most polysaccharides of Ganoderma lucidum possess neurotrophic effects, while ganoderic acids preferentially target specific pathogenic proteins as well as regulating autophagy. Further clinical trials are necessary to assess the translational potential of these components in the development of novel multi-target drugs for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Lian
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (W.L.); (X.Y.); (Q.D.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.Y.); (T.H.)
| | - Xu Yang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (W.L.); (X.Y.); (Q.D.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.Y.); (T.H.)
| | - Qidong Duan
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (W.L.); (X.Y.); (Q.D.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.Y.); (T.H.)
| | - Jie Li
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (W.L.); (X.Y.); (Q.D.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.Y.); (T.H.)
| | - Yuting Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (W.L.); (X.Y.); (Q.D.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.Y.); (T.H.)
| | - Chunhui Yu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (W.L.); (X.Y.); (Q.D.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.Y.); (T.H.)
| | - Tianzhu He
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (W.L.); (X.Y.); (Q.D.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.Y.); (T.H.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Tianxia Sun
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (W.L.); (X.Y.); (Q.D.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.Y.); (T.H.)
| | - Yu Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (W.L.); (X.Y.); (Q.D.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.Y.); (T.H.)
| | - Weinan Wang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (W.L.); (X.Y.); (Q.D.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.Y.); (T.H.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
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Lei Y, Zhang R, Cai F. Role of MARK2 in the nervous system and cancer. Cancer Gene Ther 2024; 31:497-506. [PMID: 38302729 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-024-00737-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Microtubule-Affinity Regulating Kinase 2 (MARK2), a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase family, phosphorylates microtubule-associated proteins, playing a crucial role in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. This kinase regulates multiple signaling pathways, including the WNT, PI3K/AKT/mTOR (PAM), and NF-κB pathways, potentially linking it to cancer and the nervous system. As a crucial regulator of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, the loss of MARK2 inhibits the growth and metastasis of cancer cells. MARK2 is involved in the excessive phosphorylation of tau, thus influencing neurodegeneration. Therefore, MARK2 emerges as a promising drug target for the treatment of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Despite its significance, the development of inhibitors for MARK2 remains limited. In this review, we aim to present detailed information on the structural features of MARK2 and its role in various signaling pathways associated with cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, we further characterize the therapeutic potential of MARK2 in neurodegenerative diseases and cancer, and hope to facilitate basic research on MARK2 and the development of inhibitors targeting MARK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Lei
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
| | - Ruyi Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China.
| | - Fei Cai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China.
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China.
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Lei Y, Chen Y, Zhang S, Wang W, Zheng M, Zhang R. Qingzhuan dark tea Theabrownin alleviates hippocampal injury in HFD-induced obese mice through the MARK4/NLRP3 pathway. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26923. [PMID: 38455533 PMCID: PMC10918207 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Feeding on a high-fat diet (HFD) results in obesity and chronic inflammation, which may have long-term effects on neuroinflammation and hippocampal injury. Theabrownin, a biologically active compound derived from the microbial fermentation of Qingzhuan dark tea, exhibits anti-inflammatory properties and lipid-lowering effects. Nevertheless, its potential in neuroprotection has yet to be investigated. Consequently, this study aims to investigate the neuroprotective effects of Theabrownin extracted from Qingzhuan dark tea, as well as its potential therapeutic mechanisms. Methods Male C57 mice were subjected to an 8-week HFD to induce obesity, followed by oral administration of Theabrownin from Qingzhuan dark tea. Lipid levels were detected by Elisa kit, hippocampal morphological damage was evaluated by HE and Nissl staining, and the expression levels of GFAP, IBA1, NLRP3, MARK4, and BAX in the hippocampus were detected by immunofluorescence (IF), and protein expression levels of NLRP3, MARK4, PSD95, SYN1, SYP, and Bcl-2 were detected by Western Blot (WB). Results Theabrownin treatment from Qingzhuan dark tea prevents alterations in body weight and lipid levels in HFD-fed mice. Furthermore, Theabrownin decreased hippocampal morphological damage and reduced the activation of astrocytes and microglia in HFD-fed mice. Moreover, Theabrownin decreased the expression of MARK4 and NLRP3 in HFD-fed mice. Besides, Theabrownin elevated the expression of PSD95, SYN1, and SYP in HFD-fed obese mice. Finally, Theabrownin prevented neuronal apoptosis, reduced the expression of BAX, and increased the expression of Bcl-2 in HFD-fed obese mice. Conclusions In summary, our current study presents the first demonstration of the effective protective effect of Theabrownin from Qingzhuan dark tea against HFD-induced hippocampal damage in obese mice. This protection may result from the regulation of the MARK4/NLRP3 signaling pathway, subsequently inhibiting neuroinflammation, synaptic plasticity, and neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Lei
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, 437100, China
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, 437100, China
| | - Yong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, 437100, China
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, 437100, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, 437100, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, 437100, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, 437100, China
- Hubei Industrial Technology Research Institute of Intelligent Health, Xianning, Hubei, 437100, China
| | - Ruyi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, 437100, China
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, 437100, China
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Ahmed S, Nadeem M, Hussain I, Fatima S, Anwar S, Rizvi MA, Hassan MI, Tabish M. Preparation of nanoformulation of 5-fluorouracil to improve anticancer efficacy: integrated spectroscopic, docking, and MD simulation approaches. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37850451 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2270704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanoformulations (NFs) can be used as a novel drug delivery system to treat all cancer types. One of the major drawbacks of conventional anticancer drugs is that they have poor specificity and higher toxicity towards normal cells. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a well-studied anticancer drug that has a significant role in various cancers, specifically colorectal cancer therapy. This study was performed to determine the functional groups, particle size, surface charge, heterogeneity, and stability of the NF. The NFs of 5-FU were prepared through the ultrasonication technique by increasing the surfactant (Tween-80) concentrations. Among all three NFs, nanoformulated 5-FU (n5-FU) showed the most effective particle size (10.72 nm) with a zeta potential of (-4.57 mV). The cytotoxicity and apoptosis profiles confirmed that n5-FU enhanced the anticancer effect of the pure drug in HCT-116 cells, as evident from MTT assay, fluorescence microscopy, and FACS analysis. In HCT-116 cells, the IC50 values of pure and n5-FU were obtained as 41.3 μM and 18.8 μM, respectively, indicating that n5-FU was more effective against the cancer cell line. The cellular uptake study was performed to check the intake of NF in cancer cells. However, the microtubule-affinity regulating kinase-4 (MARK-4), a cancer-target protein, was purified to study the inhibition and interaction studies. The inhibition assay confirmed the inhibitory potential of 5-FU against MARK-4 protein. the multi-spectroscopic, molecular docking and MD simulation studies were performed to analyse the conformational changes, binding studies, intermolecular interactions, and stability of MARK-4 protein upon binding 5-FU. This demonstrates that NF can enhance the effectiveness of anticancer drugs.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahbaz Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India
| | - Masood Nadeem
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Milia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Irfan Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India
| | - Sana Fatima
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India
| | - Saleha Anwar
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Milia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Milia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Tabish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India
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