1
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Wait EE, Gourary J, Liu C, Spoerke ED, Rempe SB, Ren P. Development of AMOEBA Polarizable Force Field for Rare-Earth La 3+ Interaction with Bioinspired Ligands. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:1367-1375. [PMID: 36735638 PMCID: PMC9957963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c07237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Rare-earth metals (REMs) are crucial for many important industries, such as power generation and storage, in addition to cancer treatment and medical imaging. One promising new REM refinement approach involves mimicking the highly selective and efficient binding of REMs observed in relatively recently discovered proteins. However, realizing any such bioinspired approach requires an understanding of the biological recognition mechanisms. Here, we developed a new classical polarizable force field based on the AMOEBA framework for modeling a lanthanum ion (La3+) interacting with water, acetate, and acetamide, which have been found to coordinate the ion in proteins. The parameters were derived by comparing to high-level ab initio quantum mechanical (QM) calculations that include relativistic effects. The AMOEBA model, with advanced atomic multipoles and electronic polarization, is successful in capturing both the QM distance-dependent La3+-ligand interaction energies and experimental hydration free energy. A new scheme for pairwise polarization damping (POLPAIR) was developed to describe the polarization energy in La3+ interactions with both charged and neutral ligands. Simulations of La3+ in water showed water coordination numbers and ion-water distances consistent with previous experimental and theoretical findings. Water residence time analysis revealed both fast and slow kinetics in water exchange around the ion. This new model will allow investigation of fully solvated lanthanum ion-protein systems using GPU-accelerated dynamics simulations to gain insights on binding selectivity, which may be applied to the design of synthetic analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E. Wait
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Justin Gourary
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Chengwen Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Erik D. Spoerke
- Electronic, Optical, and Nano Materials Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA
| | - Susan B. Rempe
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA
| | - Pengyu Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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2
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Naseem-Khan S, Lagardère L, Narth C, Cisneros GA, Ren P, Gresh N, Piquemal JP. Development of the Quantum-Inspired SIBFA Many-Body Polarizable Force Field: Enabling Condensed-Phase Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:3607-3621. [PMID: 35575306 PMCID: PMC10851344 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We present the extension of the Sum of Interactions Between Fragments Ab initio Computed (SIBFA) many-body polarizable force field to condensed-phase molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The quantum-inspired SIBFA procedure is grounded on simplified integrals obtained from localized molecular orbital theory and achieves full separability of its intermolecular potential. It embodies long-range multipolar electrostatics (up to quadrupole) coupled to a short-range penetration correction (up to charge-quadrupole), exchange repulsion, many-body polarization, many-body charge transfer/delocalization, exchange dispersion, and dispersion (up to C10). This enables the reproduction of all energy contributions of ab initio symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT(DFT)) gas-phase reference computations. The SIBFA approach has been integrated within the Tinker-HP massively parallel MD package. To do so, all SIBFA energy gradients have been derived and the approach has been extended to enable periodic boundary conditions simulations using smooth particle mesh Ewald. This novel implementation also notably includes a computationally tractable simplification of the many-body charge transfer/delocalization contribution. As a proof of concept, we perform a first computational experiment defining a water model fitted on a limited set of SAPT(DFT) data. SIBFA is shown to enable a satisfactory reproduction of both gas-phase energetic contributions and condensed-phase properties highlighting the importance of its physically motivated functional form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehr Naseem-Khan
- LCT, UMR 7616 CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76201, United States
| | - Louis Lagardère
- LCT, UMR 7616 CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- IP2CT, FR 2622, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - G Andrés Cisneros
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76201, United States
| | - Pengyu Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Nohad Gresh
- LCT, UMR 7616 CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philip Piquemal
- LCT, UMR 7616 CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
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3
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Gresh N, Perahia D. Multimolecular complexes of the phosphodiester anion with Zn(II) or Mg(II) and water molecules-Preliminary validations of a polarizable potential by ab initio quantum chemistry. J Comput Chem 2021; 42:1430-1446. [PMID: 34101861 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Dimethyl phosphate (DMP- ) is a model for the phosphodiester backbone of DNA, RNA, and phospholipids. It is central for the binding of divalent cations and water along the backbone of nucleic acids. Significant polarization and charge-transfer contributions and nonadditivity come into play in the multimolecular complexes organized around phosphate. Prior to large-scale molecular dynamics (MD) with advanced polarizable potentials, it is essential to evaluate how well the values and trends of intermolecular interaction energies (ΔE) from ab initio quantum chemistry (QC) and their individual contributions are reproduced in a diversity of such complexes. These differ by the starting binding modes of a divalent cation, Zn(II), namely direct, bi- or mono-dentate to anionic and/or ester oxygens, versus through-water binding. We present first the results from automated refinements of the individual contributions of the SIBFA potential with respect to their QC counterparts using a Zn(II) or a water probe. This is followed by validations on eight relaxed multimolecular complexes of DMP- with Zn(II) or Mg(II) and seven waters, then on sixteen complexes of DMP- with Zn(II) and eight waters in arrangements extracted from MD or energy-minimization on a droplet of sixty-four waters. This monitors the compared evolutions of SIBFA and QC ΔE and their individual contributions in the competing arrangements. Some waters, bridging Zn(II) and DMP- , were found to have exceptionally large dipole moments, of up to 3.8 Debye. The perspectives of extension to a flexible phosphodiester backbone are discussed in the context of the SIBFA potential for DNA and RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nohad Gresh
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, UMR 7616 CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - David Perahia
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquées, UMR 8113 CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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4
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Kwapien K, Gavara L, Docquier J, Berthomieu D, Hernandez J, Gresh N. Intermolecular interactions of the extended recognition site of
VIM
‐2
metallo‐β‐lactamase
with 1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thione inhibitors. Validations of a polarizable molecular mechanics potential by ab initio
QC. J Comput Chem 2020; 42:86-106. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kwapien
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques Université de Paris UMR 8601 Paris France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique Paris France
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, UMR 5253, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM Montpellier France
| | - Laurent Gavara
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie Montpellier France
| | | | - Dorothée Berthomieu
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, UMR 5253, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM Montpellier France
| | - Jean‐François Hernandez
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie Montpellier France
| | - Nohad Gresh
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique Paris France
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5
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Devillers M, Piquemal J, Salmon L, Gresh N. Calibration of the dianionic phosphate group: Validation on the recognition site of the homodimeric enzyme phosphoglucose isomerase. J Comput Chem 2020; 41:839-854. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Devillers
- Equipe de Chimie Bioorganique et Bioinorganique, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Univ Paris‐Saclay, Univ Paris‐Sud, UMR 8182 CNRS, rue du Doyen Georges Poitou F‐91405 Orsay France
| | - Jean‐Philip Piquemal
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, Sorbonne Université, UMR 7616 CNRS Paris France
- Department of Biomolecular EngineeringThe University of Texas at Austin Texas 78712
| | - Laurent Salmon
- Equipe de Chimie Bioorganique et Bioinorganique, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Univ Paris‐Saclay, Univ Paris‐Sud, UMR 8182 CNRS, rue du Doyen Georges Poitou F‐91405 Orsay France
| | - Nohad Gresh
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, Sorbonne Université, UMR 7616 CNRS Paris France
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6
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El Khoury L, El Hage K, Piquemal JP, Fermandjian S, Maroun RG, Gresh N, Hobaika Z. Spectrometric and computational studies of the binding of HIV-1 integrase inhibitors to viral DNA extremities. PEERJ PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.7717/peerj-pchem.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Three integrase strand transfer inhibitors are in intensive clinical use, raltegravir (RAL), elvitegravir (EVG) and dolutegravir (DTG). The onset of integrase resistance mutations limits their therapeutic efficiency. As put forth earlier, the drug affinity for the intasome could be improved by targeting preferentially the retroviral nucleobases, which are little, if at all, mutation-prone. We report experimental results of anisotropy fluorescence titrations of viral DNA by these three drugs. These show the DTG > EVG > RAL ranking of their inhibitory activities of the intasome to correspond to that of their free energies of binding, ∆Gs, to retroviral DNA, and that such a ranking is only governed by the binding enthalpies, ∆H, the entropy undergoing marginal variations. We sought whether this ranking might be reproduced through quantum chemistry (QC) Density Functional Theory calculations of intermolecular interaction energies between simplified models consisting of sole halobenzene ring and the highly conserved retroviral nucleobases G4 and C16. These calculations showed that binding of EVG has a small preference over DTG, while RAL ranked third. This indicates that additional interactions of the diketoacid parts of the drugs with DNA could be necessary to further enable preferential binding of DTG. The corresponding ∆Etotvalues computed with a polarizable molecular mechanics/dynamics procedure, Sum of Interactions Between Fragments Ab initio computed (SIBFA), showed good correlations with this ∆E(QC) ranking. These validations are an important step toward the use of polarizable molecular dynamics simulations on DTG or EVG derivatives in their complexes with the complete intasome, an application now motivated and enabled by the advent of currently developed and improved massively parallel software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa El Khoury
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, UMR7616 CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- UR EGP, Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Beirut, Lebanon
- Present address: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Krystel El Hage
- Chemistry and Biology Nucleo(s)tides and Immunology for Therapy (CBNIT), UMR 8601 CNRS, UFR Biomedicale, Paris, France
- Present address: Laboratoire Structure-Activité des Biomolécules Normales et Pathologiques, INSERM U829, Université Evry-Val d’Essonne, Evry, France
| | - Jean-Philip Piquemal
- UR EGP, Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Serge Fermandjian
- Chemistry and Biology Nucleo(s)tides and Immunology for Therapy (CBNIT), UMR 8601 CNRS, UFR Biomedicale, Paris, France
| | - Richard G. Maroun
- UR EGP, Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nohad Gresh
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, UMR7616 CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Zeina Hobaika
- UR EGP, Centre d’Analyses et de Recherche, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Beirut, Lebanon
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7
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Poier PP, Jensen F. Describing Molecular Polarizability by a Bond Capacity Model. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:3093-3107. [PMID: 30920212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b01215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We propose a bond capacity model for describing molecular polarization in force field energy functions at the charge-only level. Atomic charges are calculated by allowing charge to flow between atom pairs according to a bond capacity and a difference in electrostatic potential. The bond capacity is closely related to the bond order and decays to zero as the bond distance is increased. The electrostatic potential is composed of an intrinsic potential, identified as the electronegativity, and a screened Coulomb potential from all other charges. The bond capacity model leads to integer fragment charges upon bond dissociation and displays linear scaling of the polarizability with system size. Bond capacity parameters can be derived from reference molecular polarizabilities, while electronegativity parameters can be derived from reference atomic charges or a reference molecular electrostatic potential. Out-of-plane polarization for planar systems is modeled by off-nuclei charge sites. The model is shown to be able to reproduce anisotropic reference molecular polarizabilities with an accuracy of ∼10% using a limited set of bond capacity parameters and can describe both inter- and intramolecular polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Paolo Poier
- Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140 , DK-8000 Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Frank Jensen
- Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140 , DK-8000 Aarhus , Denmark
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8
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Rackers JA, Liu C, Ren P, Ponder JW. A physically grounded damped dispersion model with particle mesh Ewald summation. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:084115. [PMID: 30193468 DOI: 10.1063/1.5030434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate modeling of dispersion is critical to the goal of predictive biomolecular simulations. To achieve this accuracy, a model must be able to correctly capture both the short-range and asymptotic behavior of dispersion interactions. We present here a damped dispersion model based on the overlap of charge densities that correctly captures both regimes. The overlap damped dispersion model represents a classical physical interpretation of dispersion: the interaction between the instantaneous induced dipoles of two distinct charge distributions. This model is shown to be an excellent fit with symmetry adapted perturbation theory dispersion energy calculations, yielding an RMS error on the S101x7 database of 0.5 kcal/mol. Moreover, the damping function used in this model is wholly derived and parameterized from the electrostatic dipole-dipole interaction, making it not only physically grounded but transferable as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Rackers
- Program in Computational and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Chengwen Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Pengyu Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Jay W Ponder
- Program in Computational and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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9
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Mao Y, Ge Q, Horn PR, Head-Gordon M. On the Computational Characterization of Charge-Transfer Effects in Noncovalently Bound Molecular Complexes. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:2401-2417. [PMID: 29614855 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b01256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Charge-transfer (CT) is an important binding force in the formation of intermolecular complexes, and there have been a variety of theoretical models proposed to quantify this effect. These approaches, which typically rely on a definition of a "CT-free" state based on a partition of the system, sometimes yield significantly different results for a given intermolecular complex. Two widely used definitions of the "CT-free" state, the absolutely localized molecular orbitals (ALMO) method (where only on-fragment orbital mixings are permitted) and the constrained density functional theory (CDFT) approach (where fragment electron populations are fixed), are carefully examined in this work. Natural bond orbital (NBO) and the regularized symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) are also briefly considered. Results for the ALMO and CDFT definitions of CT are compared on a broad range of model systems, including hydrogen-bonding systems, borane complexes, metal-carbonyl complexes, and complexes formed by water and metal cations. For most of these systems, CDFT yields a much smaller equilibrium CT energy compared to that given by the ALMO-based definition. This is mainly because the CDFT population constraint does not fully inhibit CT, which means that the CDFT "CT-free" state is in fact CT-contaminated. Examples of this contamination include (i) matching forward and backward donation (e.g., formic acid dimer) and (ii) unidirectional CT without changing fragment populations. The magnitude of the latter effect is quantified in systems such as the water dimer by employing a 3-space density constraint in addition to the orbital constraint. Furthermore, by means of the adiabatic EDA, it is shown that several observable effects of CT, such as the "pyramidalization" of the planar BH3 molecule upon the complexation with Lewis bases, already appear on the "CT-free" CDFT surface. These results reveal the essential distinctions between the ALMO and CDFT definitions of CT and suggest that the former is more consistent with accepted understanding of the role of CT in intermolecular binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuezhi Mao
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Qinghui Ge
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States.,Chemical Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Paul R Horn
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States.,Chemical Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
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10
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Kwapien K, Damergi M, Nader S, El Khoury L, Hobaika Z, Maroun RG, Piquemal JP, Gavara L, Berthomieu D, Hernandez JF, Gresh N. Calibration of 1,2,4-Triazole-3-Thione, an Original Zn-Binding Group of Metallo-β-Lactamase Inhibitors. Validation of a Polarizable MM/MD Potential by Quantum Chemistry. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:6295-6312. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b01053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kwapien
- Chemistry
and Biology, Nucléo(s)tides and Immunology for Therapy (CBNIT),
UMR 8601, CNRS, UFR Biomédicale, Paris, France
- Institut Charles-Gerhardt, MACS, UMR 5253 CNRS-ENSCM-UM, 8 rue de l’Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Mirna Damergi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, UMR7616 CNRS, Paris, France
- Centre
d’Analyses et de Recherche, UR EGFEM, LSIM, Faculté
des Sciences, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, BP 11-514, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1116-2050, Lebanon
| | - Serge Nader
- Chemistry
and Biology, Nucléo(s)tides and Immunology for Therapy (CBNIT),
UMR 8601, CNRS, UFR Biomédicale, Paris, France
- Centre
d’Analyses et de Recherche, UR EGFEM, LSIM, Faculté
des Sciences, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, BP 11-514, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1116-2050, Lebanon
| | - Léa El Khoury
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, UMR7616 CNRS, Paris, France
- Centre
d’Analyses et de Recherche, UR EGFEM, LSIM, Faculté
des Sciences, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, BP 11-514, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1116-2050, Lebanon
| | - Zeina Hobaika
- Centre
d’Analyses et de Recherche, UR EGFEM, LSIM, Faculté
des Sciences, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, BP 11-514, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1116-2050, Lebanon
| | - Richard G. Maroun
- Centre
d’Analyses et de Recherche, UR EGFEM, LSIM, Faculté
des Sciences, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, BP 11-514, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1116-2050, Lebanon
| | - Jean-Philip Piquemal
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, UMR7616 CNRS, Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris Cedex 05, 75231, France
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Laurent Gavara
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron,
UMR 5247 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 15 avenue Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Dorothée Berthomieu
- Institut Charles-Gerhardt, MACS, UMR 5253 CNRS-ENSCM-UM, 8 rue de l’Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jean-François Hernandez
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron,
UMR 5247 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, 15 avenue Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Nohad Gresh
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, UMR7616 CNRS, Paris, France
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