1
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Nakatsuka S, Akiyama S, Harabuchi Y, Maeda S, Nagata Y. Tetraborylation of p-Benzynes Generated by the Masamune-Bergman Cyclization through Reaction Design Based on the Reaction Path Network. JACS AU 2024; 4:2578-2584. [PMID: 39055142 PMCID: PMC11267532 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Designing the reactant molecule of an initial reaction, based on quantum chemical pathway exploration, enabled us to access a new reaction, i.e., the tetraborylation reaction of p-benzynes generated from 1,2-diethynylbenzene derivatives, using bis(pinacolato)diborane(4) (B2pin2). Based on the reaction path network generated via the artificial-force-induced reaction (AFIR) method, desired and undesired paths were identified and used to modify the chemical structure of the reactant. After the in silico screening, the optimal structure of the reactant was determined to be a 1,2-diethynylbenzene derivative with a butylene linker. The reaction of the optimized reactant and its derivatives with an excess of B2pin2 gave the tetraborylated products in good yields (up to 58%). It is quite intriguing that the two carbons of p-benzyne behave formally as dicarbenes in this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Nakatsuka
- ERATO
Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery
Project, JST, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido
University, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Seiji Akiyama
- ERATO
Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery
Project, JST, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
- Institute
for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yu Harabuchi
- ERATO
Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery
Project, JST, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
- Institute
for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- ERATO
Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery
Project, JST, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido
University, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
- Institute
for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Hokkaido, Japan
- Research
and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System (MaDIS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba 305-0044, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuuya Nagata
- ERATO
Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery
Project, JST, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
- Institute
for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Hokkaido, Japan
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2
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Nagami S, Kaguchi R, Akahane T, Harabuchi Y, Taniguchi T, Monde K, Maeda S, Ichikawa S, Katsuyama A. Photoinduced dual bond rotation of a nitrogen-containing system realized by chalcogen substitution. Nat Chem 2024; 16:959-969. [PMID: 38418536 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01461-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Photoinduced concerted multiple-bond rotation has been proposed in some biological systems. However, the observation of such phenomena in synthetic systems, in other words, the synthesis of molecules that undergo photoinduced multiple-bond rotation upon photoirradiation, has been a challenge in the photochemistry field. Here we describe a chalcogen-substituted benzamide system that exhibits photoinduced dual bond rotation in heteroatom-containing bonds. Introduction of the chalcogen substituent into a sterically hindered benzamide system provides sufficient kinetic stability and photosensitivity to enable the photoinduced concerted rotation. The presence of two different substituents on the phenyl ring in the thioamide derivative enables the generation of a pair of enantiomers and E/Z isomers. Using these four stereoisomers as indicators of which bonds are rotated, we monitor the photoinduced C-N/C-C concerted bond rotation in the thioamide derivative depending on external stimuli such as temperature and photoirradiation. Theoretical calculations provide insight on the mechanism of this selective photoinduced C-N/C-C concerted rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Nagami
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rintaro Kaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Taichi Akahane
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yu Harabuchi
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- JST, ERATO, Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tohru Taniguchi
- Frontier Research Center of Advanced Material and Life Science, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenji Monde
- Frontier Research Center of Advanced Material and Life Science, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- JST, ERATO, Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ichikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
- Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
- Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Akira Katsuyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
- Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
- Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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3
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Nagahata Y, Kobayashi M, Toda M, Maeda S, Taketsugu T, Komatsuzaki T. An encompassed representation of timescale hierarchies in first-order reaction network. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2317781121. [PMID: 38758700 PMCID: PMC11126998 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2317781121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Complex networks are pervasive in various fields such as chemistry, biology, and sociology. In chemistry, first-order reaction networks are represented by a set of first-order differential equations, which can be constructed from the underlying energy landscape. However, as the number of nodes increases, it becomes more challenging to understand complex kinetics across different timescales. Hence, how to construct an interpretable, coarse-graining scheme that preserves the underlying timescales of overall reactions is of crucial importance. Here, we develop a scheme to capture the underlying hierarchical subsets of nodes, and a series of coarse-grained (reduced-dimensional) rate equations between the subsets as a function of time resolution from the original reaction network. Each of the coarse-grained representations guarantees to preserve the underlying slow characteristic timescales in the original network. The crux is the construction of a lumping scheme incorporating a similarity measure in deciphering the underlying timescale hierarchy, which does not rely on the assumption of equilibrium. As an illustrative example, we apply the scheme to four-state Markovian models and Claisen rearrangement of allyl vinyl ether (AVE), and demonstrate that the reduced-dimensional representation accurately reproduces not only the slowest but also the faster timescales of overall reactions although other reduction schemes based on equilibrium assumption well reproduce the slowest timescale but fail to reproduce the second-to-fourth slowest timescales with the same accuracy. Our scheme can be applied not only to the reaction networks but also to networks in other fields, which helps us encompass their hierarchical structures of the complex kinetics over timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Nagahata
- The Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0021, Japan
- Research Center of Mathematics for Social Creativity, Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0020, Japan
| | - Masato Kobayashi
- The Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0021, Japan
- Research Center of Mathematics for Social Creativity, Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0020, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo060-0810, Japan
| | - Mikito Toda
- Research Center of Mathematics for Social Creativity, Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0020, Japan
- Faculty Division of Natural Sciences, Nara Women’s University, Nara630-8506, Japan
- Graduate School of Information Science, University of Hyogo, Kobe650-0047, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- The Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0021, Japan
- Research Center of Mathematics for Social Creativity, Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0020, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo060-0810, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taketsugu
- The Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0021, Japan
- Research Center of Mathematics for Social Creativity, Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0020, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo060-0810, Japan
| | - Tamiki Komatsuzaki
- The Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0021, Japan
- Research Center of Mathematics for Social Creativity, Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0020, Japan
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita565-0871, Japan
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki567-0047, Japan
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4
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Miyajima K, Nagata T, Mafuné F, Ichino T, Maeda S, Yoshinaga T, Miura M, Hayashi T. Size-dependent reactivity of Rh cationic clusters to reduce NO by CO in the gas phase at high temperatures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:13131-13139. [PMID: 38629236 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05862j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The reactivity of the reduction of NO pre-adsorbed on Rh2-9+ clusters by CO was investigated using a combination of an alternate on-off gas injection method and thermal desorption spectrometry. The reduction of RhnNxOy+ clusters by CO was evaluated by varying the CO concentration at T = 903 K. Among the RhnNxOx+ clusters, the Rh3N2O2+ cluster exhibited the highest reduction activity, whereas the other clusters, Rh2,4-9NxOx+, showed lower reactivity. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations for Rh3+ and Rh6+ revealed that the rate-determining step for NO reduction in the presence of CO was NO bond dissociation through the kinetics analysis using the RRKM theory. The reduction of Rh3N2O2+ is kinetically preferable to that of Rh6N2O2+. The DFT results were in qualitative agreement with the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Miyajima
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.
| | - Toshiaki Nagata
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.
| | - Fumitaka Mafuné
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.
| | - Tomoya Ichino
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, N21-W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, N21-W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10-W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Taizo Yoshinaga
- Advanced Material Engineering Division, Toyota Motor Corporation, 1200, Mishuku, Susono, Shizuoka 410-1193, Japan
| | - Masahide Miura
- Advanced Material Engineering Division, Toyota Motor Corporation, 1200, Mishuku, Susono, Shizuoka 410-1193, Japan
| | - Takahiro Hayashi
- Advanced Material Engineering Division, Toyota Motor Corporation, 1200, Mishuku, Susono, Shizuoka 410-1193, Japan
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5
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Li Y, Xue B, Yang J, Jiang J, Liu J, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Wu M, Yuan Y, Zhu Z, Wang ZJ, Chen Y, Harabuchi Y, Nakajima T, Wang W, Maeda S, Gong JP, Cao Y. Azobenzene as a photoswitchable mechanophore. Nat Chem 2024; 16:446-455. [PMID: 38052946 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01389-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Azobenzene has been widely explored as a photoresponsive element in materials science. Although some studies have investigated the force-induced isomerization of azobenzene, the effect of force on the rupture of azobenzene has not been explored. Here we show that the light-induced structural change of azobenzene can also alter its rupture forces, making it an ideal light-responsive mechanophore. Using single-molecule force spectroscopy and ultrasonication, we found that cis and trans para-azobenzene isomers possess contrasting mechanical properties. Dynamic force spectroscopy experiments and quantum-chemical calculations in which azobenzene regioisomers were pulled from different directions revealed that the distinct rupture forces of the two isomers are due to the pulling direction rather than the energetic difference between the two isomers. These mechanical features of azobenzene can be used to rationally control the macroscopic fracture behaviours of polymer networks by photoillumination. The use of light-induced conformational changes to alter the mechanical response of mechanophores provides an attractive way to engineer polymer networks of light-regulatable mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructure, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Xue
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructure, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiahui Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructure, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Jing Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructure, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanyan Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructure, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junsheng Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructure, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengjiao Wu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenshu Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructure, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi Jian Wang
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yulan Chen
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Harabuchi
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tasuku Nakajima
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Wei Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructure, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Jian Ping Gong
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Yi Cao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructure, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China.
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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6
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Kubota K, Jiang J, Kamakura Y, Hisazumi R, Endo T, Miura D, Kubo S, Maeda S, Ito H. Using Mechanochemistry to Activate Commodity Plastics as Initiators for Radical Chain Reactions of Small Organic Molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1062-1070. [PMID: 38134051 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Radical initiators such as azo compounds and organic peroxides have been widely used to facilitate numerous transformations of free radicals, which enable the efficient synthesis of structurally complex molecules, natural products, polymers, and functional materials. However, these high-energy reagents are potentially explosive and thus often require special precautions or delicate operating conditions. We postulated that a more convenient and safer alternative for radical chain initiation could be developed by mechanical activation of thermodynamically stable covalent bonds. Here, we show that commodity plastics such as polyethylene and poly(vinyl acetate) are capable of acting as efficient initiators for radical chain reactions under solvent-free mechanochemical conditions. In this approach, polymeric mechanoradicals, which are generated by homolytic cleavage of the polymer chains in response to the applied mechanical energy provided by ball milling, react with tris(trimethylsilyl)silane to initiate radical chain dehalogenation of organic halides. Preliminary calculations support our proposed force-induced radical chain mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Kubota
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Hokkaido, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Julong Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuri Kamakura
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Reon Hisazumi
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tsubura Endo
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Daiyo Miura
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shotaro Kubo
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Hokkaido, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hajime Ito
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Hokkaido, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Hokkaido, Japan
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7
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Kuramochi H, Tsutsumi T, Saita K, Wei Z, Osawa M, Kumar P, Liu L, Takeuchi S, Taketsugu T, Tahara T. Ultrafast Raman observation of the perpendicular intermediate phantom state of stilbene photoisomerization. Nat Chem 2024; 16:22-27. [PMID: 38182762 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01397-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Trans-cis photoisomerization is generally described by a model in which the reaction proceeds via a common intermediate having a perpendicular conformation around the rotating bond, irrespective of from which isomer the reaction starts. Nevertheless, such an intermediate has yet to be identified unambiguously, and it is often called the 'phantom' state. Here we present the structural identification of the common, perpendicular intermediate of stilbene photoisomerization using ultrafast Raman spectroscopy. Our results reveal ultrafast birth and decay of an identical, short-lived transient that exhibits a vibrational signature characteristic of the perpendicular state upon photoexcitation of the trans and cis forms. In combination with ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, it is shown that the photoexcited trans and cis forms are funnelled off to the ground state through the same, perpendicular intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Kuramochi
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
- Ultrafast Spectroscopy Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics (RAP), Wako, Japan
- JST, PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
- Research Center of Integrative Molecular Systems (CIMoS), Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Takuro Tsutsumi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Saita
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Zhengrong Wei
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
- Department of Physics, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Masahisa Osawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Nippon Institute of Technology, Miyashiro-Machi, Japan
| | - Pardeep Kumar
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
- Ultrafast Spectroscopy Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics (RAP), Wako, Japan
- Spiden AG, Pfäffikon, Switzerland
| | - Li Liu
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
- Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Satoshi Takeuchi
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
- Ultrafast Spectroscopy Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics (RAP), Wako, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigori, Ako, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taketsugu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tahei Tahara
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Japan.
- Ultrafast Spectroscopy Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics (RAP), Wako, Japan.
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8
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Takeo Y, Hirano J, Fukui N, Shinokubo H. Effect of Internal Substituents on the Properties of Dibenzo[ g, p]chrysene. Org Lett 2023; 25:8484-8488. [PMID: 37982582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the chemical and physical properties of internally functionalized dibenzo[g,p]chrysene (DBC) derivatives. These molecules exhibit chiral double-helicene-like structures that are configurationally stable at ambient temperatures. The internal substituents control the conformational change in the excited state, thereby modulating the emission intensity. Notably, the DBC derivative with a methylenedioxy unit undergoes aromatization through elimination of the internal substituent upon photoexcitation, resulting in the formation of DBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Takeo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Junichiro Hirano
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
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9
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Zhang D, Kishimoto N, Miyake R. Quantum Chemical Calculations of Flexible Tripeptide-Ni(II) Ion-Mediated Supramolecular Fragments and Comparative Analysis of Tripeptide Complexes with Various Metal(II) Ions. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:9733-9742. [PMID: 37947796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c05277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
An automated conformational search method was employed to efficiently determine the stable conformers and weak hydrogen bonds of a flexible tripeptide coordinated with a solitary metal(II) ion in an aqueous environment. Quantum chemical calculations were performed to investigate the tendency of octahedral coordination formation between different metal(II) ions and various coordination models (ammonia molecule, chelate molecule, and flexible tripeptide). The octahedral coordination was analyzed by decomposing it into tridentate, bidentate, and monodentate coordination model complexes to assess their formation propensities and conformational properties. Additionally, population analysis, including electrostatic potential mapping and natural population analysis, was performed to identify the unique properties of the Ni(II) ion in forming octahedral coordination in crystals and to explore the potential of other metal(II) ions for self-assembling novel coordination configurations in peptide-metal compounds. Two common hydrogen bonding interactions were examined by using artificial forces to facilitate dissociation or reinforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Naoki Kishimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Miyake
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
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10
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Chang AM, Meisner J, Xu R, Martínez TJ. Efficient Acceleration of Reaction Discovery in the Ab Initio Nanoreactor: Phenyl Radical Oxidation Chemistry. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:9580-9589. [PMID: 37934692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c05484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, many computational strategies have been employed to elucidate reaction networks. One of these methods is accelerated molecular dynamics, which can circumvent the expense required in dynamics to find all reactants and products (local minima) and transition states (first-order saddle points) on a potential energy surface (PES) by using fictitious forces that promote reaction events. The ab initio nanoreactor uses these accelerating forces to study large chemical reaction networks from first-principles quantum mechanics. In the initial nanoreactor studies, this acceleration was done through a piston periodic compression potential, which pushes molecules together to induce entropically unfavorable bimolecular reactions. However, the piston is not effective for discovering intramolecular and dissociative reactions, such as those integral to the decomposition channels of phenyl radical oxidation. In fact, the choice of accelerating forces dictates not only the rate of reaction discovery but also the types of reactions discovered; thus, it is critical to understand the biases and efficacies of these forces. In this study, we examine forces using metadynamics, attractive potentials, and local thermostats for accelerating reaction discovery. For each force, we construct a separate phenyl radical combustion reaction network using solely that force in discovery trajectories. We elucidate the enthalpic and entropic trends of each accelerating force and highlight their efficiency in reaction discovery. Comparing the nanoreactor-constructed reaction networks with literature renditions of the phenyl radical combustion PES shows that a combination of accelerating forces is best suited for reaction discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Chang
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Jan Meisner
- Department of Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Todd J Martínez
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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11
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Murata Y, Özen C, Maeda S, Fukushima T, Shoji Y. Skeletal rearrangement of a boron-containing annulenic molecule into a macrocycle bridged by an electronically stabilized boron cation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13635-13638. [PMID: 37905398 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04830f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
An annulenic molecule containing a three-coordinate chloroborane moiety, which exhibits a borane-olefin proximity effect, undergoes a skeletal rearrangement upon chloride abstraction, to generate a three-dimensional macrocyclic molecule featuring a borocenium (η5-cyclopentadienyl-B+-R) structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Murata
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Cihan Özen
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8510, Japan.
- Department of Chemistry, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8510, Japan.
- Department of Chemistry, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8510, Japan
| | - Takanori Fukushima
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- Living Systems Materialogy (LiSM) Research Group, International Research Frontiers Initiative (IRFI), Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Shoji
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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12
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Hayashi H, Maeda S, Mita T. Quantum chemical calculations for reaction prediction in the development of synthetic methodologies. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11601-11616. [PMID: 37920348 PMCID: PMC10619630 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03319h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantum chemical calculations have been used in the development of synthetic methodologies to analyze the reaction mechanisms of the developed reactions. Their ability to estimate chemical reaction pathways, including transition state energies and connected equilibria, has led researchers to embrace their use in predicting unknown reactions. This perspective highlights strategies that leverage quantum chemical calculations for the prediction of reactions in the discovery of new methodologies. Selected examples demonstrate how computation has driven the development of unknown reactions, catalyst design, and the exploration of synthetic routes to complex molecules prior to often laborious, costly, and time-consuming experimental investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Hayashi
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 001-0021 Japan
- JST-ERATO, Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 001-0021 Japan
- JST-ERATO, Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Mita
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 001-0021 Japan
- JST-ERATO, Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
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13
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Mutsuji A, Saita K, Maeda S. An energy decomposition and extrapolation scheme for evaluating electron transfer rate constants: a case study on electron self-exchange reactions of transition metal complexes. RSC Adv 2023; 13:32097-32103. [PMID: 37920761 PMCID: PMC10619204 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05784d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple approach to the analysis of electron transfer (ET) reactions based on energy decomposition and extrapolation schemes is proposed. The present energy decomposition and extrapolation-based electron localization (EDEEL) method represents the diabatic energies for the initial and final states using the adiabatic energies of the donor and acceptor species and their complex. A scheme for the efficient estimation of ET rate constants is also proposed. EDEEL is semi-quantitative by directly evaluating the seam-of-crossing region of two diabatic potentials. In a numerical test, EDEEL successfully provided ET rate constants for electron self-exchange reactions of thirteen transition metal complexes with reasonable accuracy. In addition, its energy decomposition and extrapolation schemes provide all the energy values required for activation-strain model (ASM) analysis. The ASM analysis using EDEEL provided rational interpretations of the variation of the ET rate constants as a function of the transition metal complexes. These results suggest that EDEEL is useful for efficiently evaluating ET rate constants and obtaining a rational understanding of their magnitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Mutsuji
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
| | - Kenichiro Saita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 001-0021 Japan
- ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
- Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System (MaDIS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
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14
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Hasegawa T, Hagiwara S, Otani M, Maeda S. A Combined Reaction Path Search and Hybrid Solvation Method for the Systematic Exploration of Elementary Reactions at the Solid-Liquid Interface. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:8796-8804. [PMID: 37747821 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
We present a combined simulation method of single-component artificial force induced reaction (SC-AFIR) and effective screening medium combined with the reference interaction site model (ESM-RISM), termed SC-AFIR+ESM-RISM. SC-AFIR automatically and systematically explores the chemical reaction pathway, and ESM-RISM directly simulates the precise electronic structure at the solid-liquid interface. Hence, SC-AFIR+ESM-RISM enables us to explore reliable reaction pathways at the solid-liquid interface. We applied it to explore the dissociation pathway of an H2O molecule at the Cu(111)/water interface. The reaction path networks of the whole reaction and the minimum energy paths from H2O to H2 + O depend on the interfacial environment. The qualitative difference in the energy diagrams and the resulting change in the kinematically favored dissociation pathway upon changing the solvation environments are discussed. We believe that SC-AFIR+ESM-RISM will be a powerful tool to reveal the details of chemical reactions in surface catalysis and electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hagiwara
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tenno-dai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Minoru Otani
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tenno-dai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
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15
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Sameera WMC, Jayaweera AP, Ishibashi A, Hidaka H, Oba Y, Watanabe N. A systematic mechanistic survey on the reactions between OH radical and CH 3OH on ice. Faraday Discuss 2023; 245:508-518. [PMID: 37335277 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00033h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
A systematic mechanistic survey was performed for the CH3OH + OH reaction on ice. ONIOM(ωB97X-D/Def2-TZVP:AMOEBA09) calculations suggested a range of binding energies for the CH2OH radical (0.29-0.69 eV) and CH3OH (0.15-0.72 eV) molecule on hexagonal water ice (Ih) and amorphous solid water (ASW). Computed average binding energies of CH2OH radical (0.49 eV) and CH3OH (0.41 eV) are relatively stronger compared to the CH3O radical binding energies (0.32 eV, Sameera et al., J. Phy. Chem. A, 2021, 125, 387-393). Thus, the CH3OH molecule, CH2OH and CH3O radicals can adsorb on ice, where the binding energies follow the order CH2OH > CH3OH > CH3O. The multi-component artificial force-induced reaction (MC-AFIR) method systematically determined the reaction mechanisms for the CH3OH + OH reaction on ice, where two reaction paths, giving rise to CH2OH and CH3O radicals, were confirmed. A range of reaction barriers, employing the ωB97X-D/Def2-TZVP level of theory, was found for each reaction (0.03-0.11 eV for CH2OH radical formation, and 0.03-0.44 eV for CH3O radical formation). Based on the lowest energy reaction paths, we suspect that both reactions operate on ice. The computed data in this study evidence that the nature of the binding site or the reaction site has a significant effect on the computed binding energies or reaction barriers. Thus, the outcomes of the present study will be very useful for the computational astrochemistry community to determine reliable binding energies and reaction barriers on ice.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M C Sameera
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colombo, Colombo 00300, Sri Lanka
| | - Avon P Jayaweera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colombo, Colombo 00300, Sri Lanka
| | - Atsuki Ishibashi
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Hidaka
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Oba
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan.
| | - Naoki Watanabe
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan.
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16
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Teramoto H, Saito T, Aoki M, Murayama B, Kobayashi M, Nakamura T, Taketsugu T. Reproducing the Reaction Route Map on the Shape Space from Its Quotient by the Complete Nuclear Permutation-Inversion Group. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:5886-5896. [PMID: 37642714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
This study develops an algorithm to reproduce reaction route maps (RRMs) in the shape space from the outputs of potential search algorithms. To demonstrate the algorithm, global reaction route mapping is utilized as a potential search algorithm, but the proposed algorithm should work with other potential search algorithms in principle. The proposed algorithm does not require any encoding of the molecular configurations and is thus applicable to complicated realistic molecules for which efficient encoding is not readily available. We show that subgraphs of an RRM mapped to each other by the action of the symmetry group are isomorphic and also provide an algorithm to compute the set of feasible transformations in the sense of Longuet-Higgins. We demonstrate the proposed algorithm in toy models and in more realistic molecules. Finally, we remark on absolute rate theory from our perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Teramoto
- Faculty of Engineering Science, Kansai University, Suita 564-8680, Japan
| | - Takuya Saito
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
- Department of Economics and Statistics, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Masamitsu Aoki
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Burai Murayama
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Masato Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
- WPI-ICReDD, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Takenobu Nakamura
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taketsugu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
- WPI-ICReDD, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
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17
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Yasumura S, Saita K, Miyakage T, Nagai K, Kon K, Toyao T, Maeno Z, Taketsugu T, Shimizu KI. Designing main-group catalysts for low-temperature methane combustion by ozone. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3926. [PMID: 37400448 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39541-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The catalytic combustion of methane at a low temperature is becoming increasingly key to controlling unburned CH4 emissions from natural gas vehicles and power plants, although the low activity of benchmark platinum-group-metal catalysts hinders its broad application. Based on automated reaction route mapping, we explore main-group elements catalysts containing Si and Al for low-temperature CH4 combustion with ozone. Computational screening of the active site predicts that strong Brønsted acid sites are promising for methane combustion. We experimentally demonstrate that catalysts containing strong Bronsted acid sites exhibit improved CH4 conversion at 250 °C, correlating with the theoretical predictions. The main-group catalyst (proton-type beta zeolite) delivered a reaction rate that is 442 times higher than that of a benchmark catalyst (5 wt% Pd-loaded Al2O3) at 190 °C and exhibits higher tolerance to steam and SO2. Our strategy demonstrates the rational design of earth-abundant catalysts based on automated reaction route mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsaku Yasumura
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21 W-10, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Saita
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takumi Miyakage
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21 W-10, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Ken Nagai
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21 W-10, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kon
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21 W-10, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Takashi Toyao
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21 W-10, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Zen Maeno
- School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taketsugu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Shimizu
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21 W-10, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan.
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18
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Kraka E, Antonio JJ, Freindorf M. Reaction mechanism - explored with the unified reaction valley approach. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:7151-7165. [PMID: 37233449 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01576a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
One of the ultimate goals of chemistry is to understand and manipulate chemical reactions, which implies the ability to monitor the reaction and its underlying mechanism at an atomic scale. In this article, we introduce the Unified Reaction Valley Approach (URVA) as a tool for elucidating reaction mechanisms, complementing existing computational procedures. URVA combines the concept of the potential energy surface with vibrational spectroscopy and describes a chemical reaction via the reaction path and the surrounding reaction valley traced out by the reacting species on the potential energy surface on their way from the entrance to the exit channel, where the products are located. The key feature of URVA is the focus on the curving of the reaction path. Moving along the reaction path, any electronic structure change of the reacting species is registered by a change in the normal vibrational modes spanning the reaction valley and their coupling with the path, which recovers the curvature of the reaction path. This leads to a unique curvature profile for each chemical reaction, with curvature minima reflecting minimal change and curvature maxima indicating the location of important chemical events such as bond breaking/formation, charge polarization and transfer, rehybridization, etc. A decomposition of the path curvature into internal coordinate components or other coordinates of relevance for the reaction under consideration, provides comprehensive insight into the origin of the chemical changes taking place. After giving an overview of current experimental and computational efforts to gain insight into the mechanism of a chemical reaction and presenting the theoretical background of URVA, we illustrate how URVA works for three diverse processes, (i) [1,3] hydrogen transfer reactions; (ii) α-keto-amino inhibitor for SARS-CoV-2 Mpro; (iii) Rh-catalyzed cyanation. We hope that this article will inspire our computational colleagues to add URVA to their repertoire and will serve as an incubator for new reaction mechanisms to be studied in collaboration with our experimental experts in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elfi Kraka
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group (CATCO), Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Ave, Dallas, TX 75275-0314, USA.
| | - Juliana J Antonio
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group (CATCO), Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Ave, Dallas, TX 75275-0314, USA.
| | - Marek Freindorf
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group (CATCO), Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Ave, Dallas, TX 75275-0314, USA.
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19
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Tashiro K, Kobayashi M, Nakajima K, Taketsugu T. Computational survey of humin formation from 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural under basic conditions. RSC Adv 2023; 13:16293-16299. [PMID: 37266499 PMCID: PMC10230611 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02870d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive reaction-path search for the oligomerization of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) based on quantum chemical calculations was conducted to clarify the mechanism of humin formation in the oxidation of HMF to furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid (FDCA), in which humin is a typical macromolecular byproduct. The present procedure repeatedly utilizes the multi-component artificial-force-induced reaction (MC-AFIR) method to investigate multistep oligomerization reactions. Although humin formation has been reported even in reagent-grade HMFs with 97-99% purity during their storage at low temperatures, no direct addition path of two HMFs with <185 kJ mol-1 barrier has been found, suggesting humin formation is caused by a reaction with impurities. Based on the reaction conditions, we considered the reactions of HMF + H2O, HMF + OH-, and HMF + O2 and identified three reaction paths with <65 kJ mol-1 barrier for the reaction of HMF + OH-. Further, the suppression of humin formation by the acetal protection of HMF is computationally confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Tashiro
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
| | - Masato Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
- WPI-ICReDD, Hokkaido University Sapporo 001-0021 Japan
- ESICB, Kyoto University Kyoto 615-8520 Japan
| | | | - Tetsuya Taketsugu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
- WPI-ICReDD, Hokkaido University Sapporo 001-0021 Japan
- ESICB, Kyoto University Kyoto 615-8520 Japan
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20
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Sekikawa T, Saito N, Kurimoto Y, Ishii N, Mizuno T, Kanai T, Itatani J, Saita K, Taketsugu T. Real-time observation of the Woodward-Hoffmann rule for 1,3-cyclohexadiene by femtosecond soft X-ray transient absorption. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:8497-8506. [PMID: 36883468 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05268g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The stereochemistry of pericyclic reactions is explained by orbital symmetry conservation, referred to as the Woodward-Hoffmann (WH) rule. Although this rule has been verified using the structures of reactants and products, the temporal evolution of the orbital symmetry during the reaction has not been clarified. Herein, we used femtosecond soft X-ray transient absorption spectroscopy to elucidate the thermal pericyclic reaction of 1,3-cyclohexadiene (CHD) molecules, i.e., their isomerization to 1,3,5-hexatriene. In the present experimental scheme, the ring-opening reaction is driven by the thermal vibrational energy induced by photoexcitation to the Rydberg states at 6.2 eV and subsequent femtosecond relaxation to the ground state of CHD molecules. The direction of the ring opening, which can be conrotatory or disrotatory, was the primary focus, and the WH rule predicts the disrotatory pathway in the thermal process. We observed the shifts in K-edge absorption of the carbon atom from the 1s orbital to vacant molecular orbitals around 285 eV at a delay between 340 and 600 fs. Furthermore, a theoretical investigation predicts that the shifts depend on the molecular structures along the reaction pathways and the observed shifts in induced absorption are attributed to the structural change in the disrotatory pathway. This confirms that the orbital symmetry is dynamically conserved in the ring-opening reaction of CHD molecules as predicted using the WH rule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Sekikawa
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Nariyuki Saito
- Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan
| | - Yutaro Kurimoto
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Nobuhisa Ishii
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Kizugawa 619-0215, Japan
| | - Tomoya Mizuno
- Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan
| | - Teruto Kanai
- Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan
| | - Jiro Itatani
- Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Saita
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taketsugu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
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21
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Yasumura S, Kato T, Toyao T, Maeno Z, Shimizu KI. An automated reaction route mapping for the reaction of NO and active species on Ag 4 clusters in zeolites. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:8524-8531. [PMID: 36883572 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04761f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
A computational investigation of the catalytic reaction on multinuclear sites is very challenging. Here, using an automated reaction route mapping method, the single-component artificial force induced reaction (SC-AFIR) algorithm, the catalytic reaction of NO and OH/OOH species over the Ag42+ cluster in a zeolite is investigated. The results of the reaction route mapping for H2 + O2 reveal that OH and OOH species are formed over the Ag42+ cluster via an activation barrier lower than that of OH formation from H2O dissociation. Then, reaction route mapping is performed to examine the reactivity of the OH and OOH species with NO molecules over the Ag42+ cluster, resulting in the facile reaction path of HONO formation. With the aid of the automated reaction route mapping, the promotion effect of H2 addition on the SCR reaction was computationally proposed (boosting the formation of OH and OOH species). In addition, the present study emphasizes that automated reaction route mapping is a powerful tool to elucidate the complicated reaction pathway on multi-nuclear clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsaku Yasumura
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan.
| | - Taisetsu Kato
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan.
| | - Takashi Toyao
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan.
| | - Zen Maeno
- School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Shimizu
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan.
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22
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Isegawa M. Chemical modification of dimethylpolysiloxane for enhancement of CO 2 binding enthalpy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:7881-7892. [PMID: 36857716 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02790a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The intermittent increase in CO2 concentration in the atmosphere is a serious problem that contributes to climate change; the combustion of fossil fuels produces the majority of CO2, and technology is needed to capture it efficiently. Various CO2 capture materials have been developed so far. Membrane separation, in particular, has an advantage over other capture technologies due to its ease of use. Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) has been widely used as a membrane material for CO2 capture because of its high gas permeability. However, despite their high CO2 permeance, PDMS membranes are still in their infancy, especially regarding CO2 selectivity due to the weak interaction between CO2 and PDMS. Here we evaluated the CO2 interaction with the PDMS chain at the atomic scale and attempted to improve the CO2 affinity of the PDMS chain using density functional theory (DFT). Specifically, we substituted elements in the Si-O framework with other elements and substituted the methyl groups with other chemical groups, and incorporated metallic elements such as Mg and Ti. All the chemical modifications by main group elements resulted in physisorption, but chemisorption of CO2 was observed in PDMS incorporating metallic elements. Since several modes of CO2 binding were observed in PDMS with incorporated metal elements, the binding enthalpy and binding mode were analyzed. As a result of various chemical modifications, it was found that introducing earth metal elements into PDMS was the most effective way to enhance the interaction between PDMS and CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Isegawa
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
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23
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Mangaonkar SR, Hayashi H, Takano H, Kanna W, Maeda S, Mita T. Photoredox/HAT-Catalyzed Dearomative Nucleophilic Addition of the CO 2 Radical Anion to (Hetero)Aromatics. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeesh R. Mangaonkar
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- JST, ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hayashi
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- JST, ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hideaki Takano
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- JST, ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Wataru Kanna
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- JST, ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
- Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System (MaDIS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Mita
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- JST, ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
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24
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Skjelstad BB, Hijikata Y, Maeda S. Early-Stage Formation of the SIFSIX-3-Zn Metal-Organic Framework: An Automated Computational Study. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:1210-1217. [PMID: 36626658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted significant attention over the past 2 decades due to their wide applicability as functional materials. However, targeted synthesis of novel MOFs remains problematic as their formation mechanisms are poorly understood, which forces us to rely on serendipity in the synthesis of novel MOFs. Here, we demonstrate a workflow employing the artificial force induced reaction (AFIR) method to investigate the self-assembly process of the node of the SIFSIX-3-Zn MOF, [Zn(pyz)4(SiF6)2]2- (pyz = pyrazine), in an automated manner. The workflow encompassing AFIR calculations, generation of extensive reaction path networks, propagation simulations of intermediates, and further refinements of identified formation pathways showed that the nodal structure can form through multiple competing pathways involving interconvertible intermediates. This finding provides a plausible rationale for the stochastic multistage processes believed to be key in MOF formation. Furthermore, this work represents the first application of an automated reaction mechanism discovery method to a MOF system using a general workflow that is applicable to study the formation of other MOF motifs as well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuh Hijikata
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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25
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Odajima M, Fukui N, Shinokubo H. Dinaphthooxepine Bisimide Undergoes Oxygen Extrusion Reaction upon Electron Injection at Room Temperature. Org Lett 2023; 25:282-287. [PMID: 36602262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and properties of a dinaphthooxepine bisimide (DNOBI), a nonplanar perylene bisimide (PBI) analogue with an inserted oxygen atom. A DNOBI underwent an oxygen-extrusion reaction smoothly upon electron injection at room temperature, affording PBI in good yield. Studies on the reaction mechanism suggest that the injection of two electrons triggers the isomerization of DNOBI to dinaphthooxanorcaradiene bisimide, which is a key step in inducing the oxygen-extrusion reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Odajima
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
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26
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Harabuchi Y, Hayashi H, Takano H, Mita T, Maeda S. Oxidation and Reduction Pathways in the Knowles Hydroamination via a Photoredox-Catalyzed Radical Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202211936. [PMID: 36336664 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Systematic reaction path exploration revealed the entire mechanism of Knowles's light-promoted catalytic intramolecular hydroamination. Bond formation/cleavage competes with single electron transfer (SET) between the catalyst and substrate. These processes are described by adiabatic processes through transition states in an electronic state and non-radiative transitions through the seam of crossings (SX) between different electronic states. This study determined the energetically favorable SET path by introducing a practical computational model representing SET as non-adiabatic transitions via SXs between substrate's potential energy surfaces for different charge states adjusted based on the catalyst's redox potential. Calculations showed that the reduction and proton shuttle process proceeded concertedly. Also, the relative importance of SET paths (giving the product and leading back to the reactant) varies depending on the catalyst's redox potential, affecting the yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Harabuchi
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan.,JST, ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hayashi
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan.,JST, ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hideaki Takano
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan.,JST, ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Mita
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan.,JST, ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan.,JST, ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan.,Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System (MaDIS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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27
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Tsutsumi T, Ono Y, Taketsugu T. Multi-state Energy Landscape for Photoreaction of Stilbene and Dimethyl-stilbene. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:7483-7495. [PMID: 36351076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We have recently developed the reaction space projector (ReSPer) method, which constructs a reduced-dimensionality reaction space uniquely determined from reference reaction paths for a polyatomic molecular system and projects classical trajectories into the same reaction space. In this paper, we extend ReSPer to the analysis of photoreaction dynamics and relaxation processes of stilbene and present the concept of a "multi-state energy landscape," incorporating the ground- and excited-state reaction subspaces. The multi-state energy landscape successfully explains the previously established photoreaction processes of cis-stilbene, such as the cis-trans photoisomerization and photocyclization. In addition, we discuss the difference in the excited-state reaction dynamics between stilbene and 1,1'-dimethyl stilbene based on a common reaction subspace determined from the framework part of reference structures with different number of atoms. This approach allows us to target any molecule with a common framework, greatly expanding the applicability of the ReSPer analysis. The multi-state energy landscape provides fruitful insight into photochemical reactions, exploring the excited- and ground-state potential energy surfaces, as well as comprehensive reaction processes with nonradiative transitions between adiabatic states, within the stage of a reduced-dimensionality reaction space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Tsutsumi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo060-0810, Japan.,L-Station, Creative Research Institution (CRI), Hokkaido University, Sapporo060-0812, Japan
| | - Yuriko Ono
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0021, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taketsugu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo060-0810, Japan.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0021, Japan
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28
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Hashemi A, Bougueroua S, Gaigeot MP, Pidko EA. ReNeGate: A Reaction Network Graph-Theoretical Tool for Automated Mechanistic Studies in Computational Homogeneous Catalysis. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:7470-7482. [PMID: 36321652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exploration of the chemical reaction space of chemical transformations in multicomponent mixtures is one of the main challenges in contemporary computational chemistry. To remove expert bias from mechanistic studies and to discover new chemistries, an automated graph-theoretical methodology is proposed, which puts forward a network formalism of homogeneous catalysis reactions and utilizes a network analysis tool for mechanistic studies. The method can be used for analyzing trajectories with single and multiple catalytic species and can provide unique conformers of catalysts including multinuclear catalyst clusters along with other catalytic mixture components. The presented three-step approach has the integrated ability to handle multicomponent catalytic systems of arbitrary complexity (mixtures of reactants, catalyst precursors, ligands, additives, and solvents). It is not limited to predefined chemical rules, does not require prealignment of reaction mixture components consistent with a reaction coordinate, and is not agnostic to the chemical nature of transformations. Conformer exploration, reactive event identification, and reaction network analysis are the main steps taken for identifying the pathways in catalytic systems given the starting precatalytic reaction mixture as the input. Such a methodology allows us to efficiently explore catalytic systems in realistic conditions for either previously observed or completely unknown reactive events in the context of a network representing different intermediates. Our workflow for the catalytic reaction space exploration exclusively focuses on the identification of thermodynamically feasible conversion channels, representative of the (secondary) catalyst deactivation or inhibition paths, which are usually most difficult to anticipate based solely on expert chemical knowledge. Thus, the expert bias is sought to be removed at all steps, and the chemical intuition is limited to the choice of the thermodynamic constraint imposed by the applicable experimental conditions in terms of threshold energy values for allowed transformations. The capabilities of the proposed methodology have been tested by exploring the reactivity of Mn complexes relevant for catalytic hydrogenation chemistry to verify previously postulated activation mechanisms and unravel unexpected reaction channels relevant to rare deactivation events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hashemi
- Inorganic Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Sana Bougueroua
- Laboratoire Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l'Environnement (LAMBE) UMR8587, Universite Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, CNRS, LAMBE UMR8587, Evry-Courcouronnes 91025, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Gaigeot
- Laboratoire Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l'Environnement (LAMBE) UMR8587, Universite Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, CNRS, LAMBE UMR8587, Evry-Courcouronnes 91025, France
| | - Evgeny A Pidko
- Inorganic Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
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29
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Lavigne C, Gomes G, Pollice R, Aspuru-Guzik A. Guided discovery of chemical reaction pathways with imposed activation. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13857-13871. [PMID: 36544742 PMCID: PMC9710306 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05135d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Computational power and quantum chemical methods have improved immensely since computers were first applied to the study of reactivity, but the de novo prediction of chemical reactions has remained challenging. We show that complex reaction pathways can be efficiently predicted in a guided manner using chemical activation imposed by geometrical constraints of specific reactive modes, which we term imposed activation (IACTA). Our approach is demonstrated on realistic and challenging chemistry, such as a triple cyclization cascade involved in the total synthesis of a natural product, a water-mediated Michael addition, and several oxidative addition reactions of complex drug-like molecules. Notably and in contrast with traditional hand-guided computational chemistry calculations, our method requires minimal human involvement and no prior knowledge of the products or the associated mechanisms. We believe that IACTA will be a transformational tool to screen for chemical reactivity and to study both by-product formation and decomposition pathways in a guided way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille Lavigne
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto214 College St.TorontoOntarioM5T 3A1Canada
| | - Gabe Gomes
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto214 College St.TorontoOntarioM5T 3A1Canada,Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto80 St George StTorontoOntarioM5S 3H6Canada
| | - Robert Pollice
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto214 College St.TorontoOntarioM5T 3A1Canada,Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto80 St George StTorontoOntarioM5S 3H6Canada
| | - Alán Aspuru-Guzik
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto214 College St.TorontoOntarioM5T 3A1Canada,Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto80 St George StTorontoOntarioM5S 3H6Canada,Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto200 College St.OntarioM5S 3E5Canada,Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Toronto184 College St.OntarioM5S 3E4Canada,Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence661 University Ave Suite 710TorontoOntarioM5G 1M1Canada,Lebovic Fellow, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR)661 University AveTorontoOntarioM5GCanada
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30
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Tsuneda T, Sumitomo H, Hasebe M, Tsutsumi T, Taketsugu T. Reactive orbital energy theory serving a theoretical foundation for the electronic theory of organic chemistry. J Comput Chem 2022; 44:93-104. [PMID: 36193762 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
It is established that the reactive orbital energy theory (ROET) theoretically reproduces the rule-based electronic theory diagrams of organic chemistry by a comparative study on the charge transfer natures of typical organic carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond formation reactions: aldol, Mannich, α-aminooxylation, and isogyric reactions. The ROET, which is an expansion of the reaction electronic theories (e.g., the frontier orbital theory) in terms of orbital energies, elucidates the reactive orbitals driving reactions and the charge transferability indices of the reactions. Performing the ROET analyses of these reactions shows that the charge transfer directions given in the rule-based diagrams of the electronic theory are reproduced even for the functional groups of charge transfer destinations in all but only two processes for 38 reaction processes. The ROET analyses also make clear the detailed orbital-based pictures of these bond formation reactions: that is, the use of the out-of-plane antibonding π orbitals in acidic conditions (enol-mode) and in-plane antibonding π orbitals in basic conditions (enolate-mode), which explain the experimentally assumed mechanisms such as the π-bond formations in acidic conditions and σ-bond formations at α-carbons in basic conditions. Furthermore, the ROET analyses explicate that the methyl group initially accepts electrons and then donates them to the bond formations in the target reactions. It is, consequently, suggested that the ROET serves a theoretical foundation for the electronic theory of organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Tsuneda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Graduate School of Science Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sumitomo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hasebe
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takuro Tsutsumi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,L-Station, Creative Research Institution (CRI), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taketsugu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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31
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Skjelstad BB, Helgaker T, Maeda S, Balcells D. Oxyl Character and Methane Hydroxylation Mechanism in Heterometallic M( O)Co 3O 4 Cubanes (M = Cr, Mn, Fe, Mo, Tc, Ru, and Rh). ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Bjerkem Skjelstad
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Trygve Helgaker
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - David Balcells
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
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32
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Unsleber JP, Grimmel SA, Reiher M. Chemoton 2.0: Autonomous Exploration of Chemical Reaction Networks. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:5393-5409. [PMID: 35926118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fueled by advances in hardware and algorithm design, large-scale automated explorations of chemical reaction space have become possible. Here, we present our approach to an open-source, extensible framework for explorations of chemical reaction mechanisms based on the first-principles of quantum mechanics. It is intended to facilitate reaction network explorations for diverse chemical problems with a wide range of goals such as mechanism elucidation, reaction path optimization, retrosynthetic path validation, reagent design, and microkinetic modeling. The stringent first-principles basis of all algorithms in our framework is key for the general applicability that avoids any restrictions to specific chemical systems. Such an agile framework requires multiple specialized software components of which we present three modules in this work. The key module, Chemoton, drives the exploration of reaction networks. For the exploration itself, we introduce two new algorithms for elementary-step searches that are based on Newton trajectories. The performance of these algorithms is assessed for a variety of reactions characterized by a broad chemical diversity in terms of bonding patterns and chemical elements. Chemoton successfully recovers the vast majority of these. We provide the resulting data, including large numbers of reactions that were not included in our reference set, to be used as a starting point for further explorations and for future reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan P Unsleber
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie A Grimmel
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Reiher
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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33
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Miwa Y, Hasegawa K, Udagawa T, Shinke Y, Kutsumizu S. Effect of alkali metal cations on network rearrangement in polyisoprene ionomers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:17042-17049. [PMID: 35796495 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01159j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effects of cations, Li+, Na+, and Cs+, on the structure of ionic aggregates and network rearrangement in carboxylated polyisoprene (PI) ionomers were studied. We found that network rearrangement via interaggregate hopping of metal carboxylates is improved with a decrease in cation size, even though density functional theory (DFT) calculation indicated the increase in the attractive interaction between metal carboxylates. At the same time, we also found that as the size of the cation decreases, the inclusion of the PI segment in the ionic aggregate increases. The DFT calculation suggested the cation-π interaction between the cation and double bonds in the PI segment as the cause for the inclusion. The inclusion of the PI segment with a low glass transition temperature (Tg) plasticizes the ionic aggregate and would sterically hinder the attractive interaction between metal carboxylates. In fact, the electron spin resonance measurement revealed a decrease in the Tg of the ionic aggregate with a decrease in cation size. Based on our findings, we proposed that the inclusion of PI segments in the ionic aggregate is the possible cause for the enhancement of network rearrangement in the carboxylated PI ionomers with a decrease in the cation size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Miwa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan. .,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan
| | - Koki Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Taro Udagawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Yu Shinke
- The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd, Hiratsuka, 254-8601, Japan
| | - Shoichi Kutsumizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
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34
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Suzuki K, Maeda S. Multistructural microiteration combined with QM/MM-ONIOM electrostatic embedding. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:16762-16773. [PMID: 35775395 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02270b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multistructural microiteration (MSM) is a method to take account of contributions of multiple surrounding structures in a geometrical optimization or reaction path calculation using the quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) ONIOM method. In this study, we combined MSM with the electrostatic embedding (EE) scheme of the QM/MM-ONIOM method by extending its original formulation for mechanical embedding (ME). MSM-EE takes account of the polarization in the QM region induced by point charges assigned to atoms in the multiple surrounding structures, where the point charges are scaled by the weight factor of each surrounding structure determined through MSM. The performance of MSM-EE was compared with that of the other methods, i.e., ONIOM-ME, ONIOM-EE, and MSM-ME, by applying them to three chemical processes: (1) chorismate-to-prephenate transformation in aqueous solution, (2) the same transformation as (1) in an enzyme, and (3) hydroxylation in p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase. These numerical tests of MSM-EE yielded barriers and reaction energies close to experimental values with computational costs comparable to those of the other three methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimichi Suzuki
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan. .,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.,JST, ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan. .,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.,JST, ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.,Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System (MaDIS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
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35
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Borysenko IO, Okovytyy SI, Leszczynski J. Probability of reaction pathways of amine with epoxides in the reagent ratio of 1:1 and 1:2. Struct Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-022-01979-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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36
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Nakao A, Harabuchi Y, Maeda S, Tsuda K. Leveraging algorithmic search in quantum chemical reaction path finding. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:10305-10310. [PMID: 35437567 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01079h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reaction path finding methods construct a graph connecting reactants and products in a quantum chemical energy landscape. They are useful in elucidating various reactions and provide footsteps for designing new reactions. Their enormous computational cost, however, limits their application to relatively simple reactions. This paper engages in accelerating reaction path finding by introducing the principles of algorithmic search. A new method called RRT/SC-AFIR is devised by combining rapidly exploring random tree (RRT) and single component artificial force induced reaction (SC-AFIR). Using 96 cores, our method succeeded in constructing a reaction graph for Fritsch-Buttenberg-Wiechell rearrangement within a time limit of 3 days, while the conventional methods could not. Our results illustrate that the algorithm theory provides refreshing and beneficial viewpoints on quantum chemical methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuyuki Nakao
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 2778561, Japan.
| | - Yu Harabuchi
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.,JST ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.,JST ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Koji Tsuda
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 2778561, Japan. .,RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan.,Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
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37
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Nag P, Vennapusa SR. Unraveling the sub-100 fs ESIPT in 5-hydroxychromone using surface hopping simulations. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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38
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Shikata R, Suzuki H, Hayashi Y, Hasegawa T, Shigeeda Y, Inoue H, Yajima W, Kametaka J, Maetani M, Tanaka Y, Nishikawa T, Maeda S, Hayashi Y, Hada M. Enhancement of the mechanical and thermal transport properties of carbon nanotube yarns by boundary structure modulation. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:235707. [PMID: 35196260 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac57d5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) exhibit extremely high nanoscopic thermal/electrical transport and mechanical properties. However, the macroscopic properties of assembled CNTs are significantly lower than those of CNTs because of the boundary structure between the CNTs. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the relationship between the nanoscopic boundary structure in CNTs and the macroscopic properties of the assembled CNTs. Previous studies have shown that the nanoscopic phonon transport and macroscopic thermal transport in CNTs are improved by Joule annealing because of the improved boundary Van-der-Waals interactions between CNTs via the graphitization of amorphous carbon. In this study, we investigate the mechanical strength and thermal/electrical transport properties of CNT yarns with and without Joule annealing at various temperatures, analyzing the phenomena occurring at the boundaries of CNTs. The obtained experimental and theoretical results connect the nanoscopic boundary interaction of CNTs in CNT yarns and the macroscopic mechanical and transport properties of CNT yarns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Shikata
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroo Suzuki
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuta Hayashi
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Taisuke Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System (MaDIS), National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuho Shigeeda
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Inoue
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Wataru Yajima
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Jun Kametaka
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Maetani
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Tanaka
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nishikawa
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System (MaDIS), National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Hayashi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masaki Hada
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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39
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Matsuoka W, Harabuchi Y, Maeda S. Virtual Ligand-Assisted Screening Strategy to Discover Enabling Ligands for Transition Metal Catalysis. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Matsuoka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
- ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yu Harabuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
- Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System (MaDIS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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40
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Matsuo Y, Kise K, Morimoto Y, Osuka A, Tanaka T. Fold-in Synthesis of a Pentabenzopentaaza[10]circulene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116789. [PMID: 34995398 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A pentabenzopentaaza[10]circulene has been synthesized as the largest fully conjugated hetero[n]circulene via a fold-in oxidative fusion reaction of an ortho-phenylene-bridged cyclic pyrrole pentamer. This circulene takes a saddle-distorted structure with bond lengths of the central ten-membered-ring in the range of 1.455-1.493 Å. Relatively broad absorption and fluorescence spectra were observed, which reflects its flexible structure, in accordance with the low-temperature NMR spectra and theoretical calculations. The energy barrier for saddle-to-saddle interconversion was estimated to be quite small (≈3 kcal mol-1 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Matsuo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Koki Kise
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yuki Morimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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41
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You Y, Kanna W, Takano H, Hayashi H, Maeda S, Mita T. Electrochemical Dearomative Dicarboxylation of Heterocycles with Highly Negative Reduction Potentials. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:3685-3695. [PMID: 35189683 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The dearomative dicarboxylation of stable heteroaromatics using CO2 is highly challenging but represents a very powerful method for producing synthetically useful dicarboxylic acids, which can potentially be employed as intermediates of biologically active molecules such as natural products and drug leads. However, these types of transformations are still underdeveloped, and concise methodologies with high efficiency (e.g., high yield and high selectivity for dicarboxylations) have not been reported. We herein describe a new electrochemical protocol using the CO2 radical anion (E1/2 of CO2 = -2.2 V in DMF and -2.3 V in CH3CN vs SCE) that produces unprecedented trans-oriented 2,3-dicarboxylic acids from N-Ac-, Boc-, and Ph-protected indoles that exhibit highly negative reduction potentials (-2.50 to -2.94 V). On the basis of the calculated reduction potentials, N-protected indoles with reduction potentials up to -3 V smoothly undergo the desired dicarboxylation. Other heteroaromatics, including benzofuran, benzothiophene, electron-deficient furans, thiophenes, 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran, and N-Boc-pyrazole, also exhibit reduction potentials more positive than -3 V and served as effective substrates for such dicarboxylations. The dicarboxylated products thus obtained can be derivatized into useful synthetic intermediates for biologically active compounds in few steps. We also show how the dearomative monocarboxylation can be achieved selectively by choice of the electrolyte, solvent, and protic additive; this strategy was then applied to the synthesis of an octahydroindole-2-carboxylic acid (Oic) derivative, which is a useful proline analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong You
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan.,JST, ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Wataru Kanna
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hideaki Takano
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan.,JST, ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hayashi
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan.,JST, ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan.,JST, ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan.,Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System (MaDIS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Mita
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan.,JST, ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
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42
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Garay-Ruiz D, Álvarez-Moreno M, Bo C, Martínez-Núñez E. New Tools for Taming Complex Reaction Networks: The Unimolecular Decomposition of Indole Revisited. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2022; 2:225-236. [PMID: 36855573 PMCID: PMC9718323 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.1c00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The level of detail attained in the computational description of reaction mechanisms can be vastly improved through tools for automated chemical space exploration, particularly for systems of small to medium size. Under this approach, the unimolecular decomposition landscape for indole was explored through the automated reaction mechanism discovery program AutoMeKin. Nevertheless, the sheer complexity of the obtained mechanisms might be a hindrance regarding their chemical interpretation. In this spirit, the new Python library amk-tools has been designed to read and manipulate complex reaction networks, greatly simplifying their overall analysis. The package provides interactive dashboards featuring visualizations of the network, the three-dimensional (3D) molecular structures and vibrational normal modes of all chemical species, and the corresponding energy profiles for selected pathways. The combination of the joined mechanism generation and postprocessing workflow with the rich chemistry of indole decomposition enabled us to find new details of the reaction (obtained at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ//M06-2X/MG3S level of theory) that were not reported before: (i) 16 pathways leading to the formation of HCN and NH3 (via amino radical); (ii) a barrierless reaction between methylene radical and phenyl isocyanide, which might be an operative mechanism under the conditions of the interstellar medium; and (iii) reaction channels leading to both hydrogen cyanide and hydrogen isocyanide, of potential astrochemical interest as the computed HNC/HCN ratios greatly exceed the calculated equilibrium value at very low temperatures. The reported reaction networks can be very valuable to supplement databases of kinetic data, which is of remarkable interest for pyrolysis and astrochemical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Garay-Ruiz
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science & Technology (BIST), Avinguda Països Catalans,
16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain,Departament
de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Moises Álvarez-Moreno
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science & Technology (BIST), Avinguda Països Catalans,
16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carles Bo
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science & Technology (BIST), Avinguda Països Catalans,
16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain,Departament
de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain,
| | - Emilio Martínez-Núñez
- Departmento
de Química Física, Facultade de Química, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago
de Compostela, Spain,
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43
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Nomoto A, Inai N, Yanai T, Okuno Y. Substituent and Solvent Effects on the Photoisomerization of Cinnamate Derivatives: An XMS-CASPT2 Study. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:497-505. [PMID: 35067053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c08504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cinnamate derivatives show a variety of photo-induced reactions. Among them is trans-cis photoisomerization, which may involve the nonradiative decay (NRD) process. The extended multistate complete active space second-order perturbation (XMS-CASPT2) method was used in this study as a suitable theory for treating multireference electronic nature, which was frequently manifested in the photoisomerization process. The minimum energy paths of the trans-cis photoisomerization process of cinnamate derivatives were determined, and the activation energies were estimated using the resulting intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) paths. Natural orbital analysis revealed that the transition state's (TS) electronic structure is zwitterionic-like, elucidating the solvent and substituent effect on the energy barrier of photoisomerization paths. Furthermore, it was found that the charge on the pyramidalized carbon atom at the TS structure was strongly correlated with the activation energy barrier for the cinnamate derivatives. Thus, it seemingly provided a physical picture of the photoisomerization of cinnamates and was a good descriptor potentially applicable to molecular design for controlling the rate constant of the photoisomerization reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuro Nomoto
- Analysis Technology Center, FUJIFILM Corporation, 210 Nakanuma, Minamiashigara, Kanagawa 250-0193, Japan
| | - Naoto Inai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yanai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Okuno
- Analysis Technology Center, FUJIFILM Corporation, 210 Nakanuma, Minamiashigara, Kanagawa 250-0193, Japan
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44
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Kato M, Fukui N, Shinokubo H. Synthesis of Dibenzo[h,t]rubicene through Its Internally Dimethoxy-Substituted Precursor. CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kato
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603
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45
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Cui Q, Peng J, Xu C, Lan Z. Automatic Approach to Explore the Multireaction Mechanism for Medium-Sized Bimolecular Reactions via Collision Dynamics Simulations and Transition State Searches. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:910-924. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghai Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety and MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, SCNU Environmental Research Institute, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety and MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, SCNU Environmental Research Institute, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Chao Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety and MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, SCNU Environmental Research Institute, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhenggang Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety and MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, SCNU Environmental Research Institute, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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46
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Matsuo Y, Kise K, Morimoto Y, Osuka A, Tanaka T. Fold‐in Synthesis of a Pentabenzopentaaza[10]circulene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Koki Kise
- Kyoto University: Kyoto Daigaku Chemistry JAPAN
| | | | | | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University Chemistry Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho 606-8502 Kyoto JAPAN
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47
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Kise K, Ooi S, Saito H, Yorimitsu H, Osuka A, Tanaka T. Five‐Fold Symmetric Pentaindolo‐ and Pentakis(benzoindolo)Corannulenes: Unique Structural Dynamics Derived from the Combination of Helical and Bowl Inversions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koki Kise
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Shota Ooi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Hayate Saito
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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Sameera W, Takeda Y, Ohki Y. Transition metal catalyzed cross-coupling and nitrogen reduction reactions: Lessons from computational studies. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Shoji Y, Kashida J, Fukushima T. Bringing out the potential of organoboron compounds by designing the chemical bonds and spaces around boron. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4420-4434. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00653g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Since the structures, reactivity and properties of organoboron compounds stem from the electron deficiency and low electronegativity of boron, the design of the chemical bonds attached to boron as well...
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Takano H, You Y, Hayashi H, Harabuchi Y, Maeda S, Mita T. Radical Difunctionalization of Gaseous Ethylene Guided by Quantum Chemical Calculations: Selective Incorporation of Two Molecules of Ethylene. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:33846-33854. [PMID: 34926931 PMCID: PMC8675046 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene, of which about 170 million tons are produced annually worldwide, is a fundamental C2 feedstock that is widely used on an industrial scale for the synthesis of polyethylenes and polyvinylchlorides. Compared to other alkenes, however, the direct use of ethylene for the synthesis of fine chemicals such as pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals is limited, probably due to its small and gaseous character. We, herein, report a new radical difunctionalization strategy of ethylene, aided by quantum chemical calculations. Computationally proposed imidyl and sulfonyl radicals can be introduced into ethylene in the presence of an Ir photocatalyst under irradiation with blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) (λmax = 440 nm). The present reaction systems led to the selective incorporation of two molecules of ethylene into the substrate, which could be rationally explained by computational analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Takano
- Institute
for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- JST,
ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and
Discovery Project, Kita
10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yong You
- Institute
for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- JST,
ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and
Discovery Project, Kita
10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hayashi
- Institute
for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- JST,
ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and
Discovery Project, Kita
10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yu Harabuchi
- Institute
for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- JST,
ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and
Discovery Project, Kita
10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido
University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Institute
for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- JST,
ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and
Discovery Project, Kita
10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido
University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
- Research
and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System (MaDIS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Mita
- Institute
for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- JST,
ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and
Discovery Project, Kita
10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
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