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Wada S, Tsutsumi T, Saita K, Taketsugu T. Ab initio molecular dynamics study of intersystem crossing dynamics for MH 2 (M = Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) on spin-pure and spin-mixed potential energy surfaces. J Comput Chem 2024; 45:552-562. [PMID: 38009451 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Recently, surface-hopping ab initio molecular dynamics (SH-AIMD) simulations have come to be used to discuss the mechanisms and dynamics of excited-state chemical reactions, including internal conversion and intersystem crossing. In dynamics simulations involving intersystem crossing, there are two potential energy surfaces (PESs) governing the motion of nuclei: PES in a spin-pure state and PES in a spin-mixed state. The former gives wrong results for molecular systems with large spin-orbit coupling (SOC), while the latter requires a potential gradient that includes a change in SOC at each point, making the computational cost very high. In this study, we systematically investigate the extent to which the magnitude of SOC affects the results of the spin-pure state-based dynamics simulations for the hydride MH2 (M = Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) by performing SH-AIMD simulations based on spin-pure and spin-mixed states. It is clearly shown that spin-mixed state PESs are indispensable for the dynamics simulation of intersystem crossing in systems containing elements Sn and Pb from the fifth period onward. Furthermore, in addition to the widely used Tully's fewest switches (TFS) algorithm, the Zhu-Nakamura (ZN) global switching algorithm, which is computationally less expensive, is applied to SH for comparison. The results from TFS- and ZN-SH-AIMD methods are in qualitative agreement, suggesting that the less expensive ZN-SH-AIMD can be successfully utilized to investigate the dynamics of photochemical reactions based on quantum chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoi Wada
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takuro Tsutsumi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Saita
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taketsugu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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2
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Doležel J, Poryvai A, Slanina T, Filgas J, Slavíček P. Spin-Vibronic Coupling Controls the Intersystem Crossing of Iodine-Substituted BODIPY Triplet Chromophores. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303154. [PMID: 37905588 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
4,4-Difluoro-4-borata-3a-azonia-4a-aza-s-indacene (BODIPY) dyes are extensively used in various applications of their triplet states, ranging from photoredox catalysis, through triplet sensitization to photodynamic therapy. However, the rational design of BODIPY triplet chromophores by ab initio modelling is limited by their strong interactions of spin, electronic and vibrational dynamics. In particular, spin-vibronic coupling is often overlooked when estimating intersystem crossing (ISC) rates. In this study, a combined experimental and theoretical approach using spin-vibronic coupling to correctly describe ISC in BODIPY dyes was developed. For this purpose, seven π-extended BODIPY derivatives with iodine atoms in different positions were examined. It was found that the heavy-atom effect of iodine atoms is site specific, causing high triplet yields in only some positions. This site-specific ISC was explained by El-Sayed rules, so both the contribution and character of the molecular orbitals involved in the excitation must be considered when predicting the ISC rates. Overall, the rational design of BODIPY triplet chromophores requires using (i) the high-quality electronic structure theory, including both static and dynamical correlations; and (ii) the two-component wave function Hamiltonian, and rationalizing; and (iii) ISC based on the character of the molecular orbitals of heavy atoms involved in the excitation, expanding El-Sayed rules beyond their traditional applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Doležel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy, Flemingovo nám. 542/2, Prague 6, 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Poryvai
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy, Flemingovo nám. 542/2, Prague 6, 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Slanina
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy, Flemingovo nám. 542/2, Prague 6, 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Filgas
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Slavíček
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Tsutsumi T, Ono Y, Taketsugu T. Multi-state Energy Landscape for Photoreaction of Stilbene and Dimethyl-stilbene. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:7483-7495. [PMID: 36351076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We have recently developed the reaction space projector (ReSPer) method, which constructs a reduced-dimensionality reaction space uniquely determined from reference reaction paths for a polyatomic molecular system and projects classical trajectories into the same reaction space. In this paper, we extend ReSPer to the analysis of photoreaction dynamics and relaxation processes of stilbene and present the concept of a "multi-state energy landscape," incorporating the ground- and excited-state reaction subspaces. The multi-state energy landscape successfully explains the previously established photoreaction processes of cis-stilbene, such as the cis-trans photoisomerization and photocyclization. In addition, we discuss the difference in the excited-state reaction dynamics between stilbene and 1,1'-dimethyl stilbene based on a common reaction subspace determined from the framework part of reference structures with different number of atoms. This approach allows us to target any molecule with a common framework, greatly expanding the applicability of the ReSPer analysis. The multi-state energy landscape provides fruitful insight into photochemical reactions, exploring the excited- and ground-state potential energy surfaces, as well as comprehensive reaction processes with nonradiative transitions between adiabatic states, within the stage of a reduced-dimensionality reaction space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Tsutsumi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo060-0810, Japan.,L-Station, Creative Research Institution (CRI), Hokkaido University, Sapporo060-0812, Japan
| | - Yuriko Ono
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0021, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taketsugu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo060-0810, Japan.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0021, Japan
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Messerly RA, Gifford BJ, Holland TM. Kinetic isotope effects for dissociative recombination of tritiated ketenyl ion (3HCCO+): A surface-hopping ab initio molecular dynamics study. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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5
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Chang KF, Wang H, Poullain SM, Prendergast D, Neumark DM, Leone SR. Mapping wave packet bifurcation at a conical intersection in CH 3I by attosecond XUV transient absorption spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:234301. [PMID: 34241252 DOI: 10.1063/5.0056299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extreme ultraviolet (XUV) transient absorption spectroscopy has emerged as a sensitive tool for mapping the real-time structural and electronic evolution of molecules. Here, attosecond XUV transient absorption is used to track dynamics in the A-band of methyl iodide (CH3I). Gaseous CH3I molecules are excited to the A-band by a UV pump (277 nm, ∼20 fs) and probed by attosecond XUV pulses targeting iodine I(4d) core-to-valence transitions. Owing to the excellent temporal resolution of the technique, passage through a conical intersection is mapped through spectral signatures of nonadiabatic wave packet bifurcation observed to occur at 15 ± 4 fs following UV photoexcitation. The observed XUV signatures and time dynamics are in agreement with previous simulations [H. Wang, M. Odelius, and D. Prendergast, J. Chem. Phys. 151, 124106 (2019)]. Due to the short duration of the UV pump pulse, coherent vibrational motion in the CH3I ground state along the C-I stretch mode (538 ± 7 cm-1) launched by resonant impulsive stimulated Raman scattering and dynamics in multiphoton excited states of CH3I are also detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina F Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Han Wang
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Sonia M Poullain
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - David Prendergast
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Daniel M Neumark
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Stephen R Leone
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Suchan J, Janoš J, Slavíček P. Pragmatic Approach to Photodynamics: Mixed Landau–Zener Surface Hopping with Intersystem Crossing. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:5809-5820. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Suchan
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Janoš
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Slavíček
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
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Inhester L, Li Z, Zhu X, Medvedev N, Wolf TJA. Spectroscopic Signature of Chemical Bond Dissociation Revealed by Calculated Core-Electron Spectra. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:6536-6544. [PMID: 31589459 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The advent of ultrashort soft X-ray pulse sources permits the use of established gas-phase spectroscopy methods to investigate ultrafast photochemistry in isolated molecules with element and site specificity. In the present study, we simulate excited-state wavepacket dynamics of a prototypical process, the ultrafast photodissociation of methyl iodide. Using the simulation, we calculate time-dependent excited-state carbon edge photoelectron and Auger electron spectra. We observe distinct signatures in both types of spectra and show their direct connection to C-I bond dissociation and charge rearrangement processes in the molecule. We demonstrate at the CH3I molecule that the observed signatures allow us to map the time-dependent dynamics of ultrafast photoinduced bond breaking with unprecedented detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludger Inhester
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science , DESY , Notkestrasse 85 , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Zheng Li
- School of Physics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter , D-22761 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Xiaolei Zhu
- Stanford PULSE Institute , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
| | - Nikita Medvedev
- Institute of Physics Czech Academy of Science , Na Slovance 2 , 182 21 Prague 8, Czech Republic
- Institute of Plasma Physics , Czech Academy of Science , Za Slovankou 4 , 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas J A Wolf
- Stanford PULSE Institute , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
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Wang H, Odelius M, Prendergast D. A combined multi-reference pump-probe simulation method with application to XUV signatures of ultrafast methyl iodide photodissociation. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:124106. [PMID: 31575206 DOI: 10.1063/1.5116816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
UV pump-XUV/X-ray probe measurements have been successfully applied in the study of photo-induced chemical reactions. Although rich element-specific electronic structure information is accessible within XUV/X-ray (inner-shell) absorption spectra, it can be difficult to interpret the chemistry directly from the spectrum without supporting theoretical simulations. A multireference method to completely simulate UV pump-XUV/X-ray probe measurement has been developed and applied to study the methyl iodide photodissociation process. Multireference, fewest-switches surface hopping (FSSH) trajectories were used to explore the coupled electronic and ionic dynamics upon photoexcitation of methyl iodide. Interpretation of previous measurements is provided by associated multireference, restricted active space, inner-shell spectral simulations. This combination of multireference FSSH trajectories and XUV spectra provides an interpretation of transient features appearing in previous measurements within the first 100 fs after photoexcitation and validates the significant branching ratio in the final excited-state population. This methodology should prove useful for interpretation of the increasing number of inner-shell probe studies of molecular excited states or for directing new experiments toward interesting regions of the potential energy landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Michael Odelius
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Prendergast
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Ebina M, Kondo Y, Iwasa T, Taketsugu T. Low-Lying Excited States of hqxcH and Zn-hqxc Complex: Toward Understanding Intramolecular Proton Transfer Emission. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:4686-4698. [PMID: 30860367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) has been a topic of interest due to its potential to lead to multiple emissions. Although many organic molecules showing ESIPT emission are already known, studies on metal complexes showing ESIPT and their related theoretical understandings are very limited. In this study, we focus on [Zn(hqxc)2(DMSO)2] (Zn-hqxc: hqxc = 3-hydroxy-2-quinoxalinecarboxylate, DMSO = dimethyl sulfoxide), which shows ESIPT emission in the solid state, even though the hqxcH ligand does not show ESIPT emission. To gain insights into the role of the zinc atom and the emission mechanisms, we examined excited states of free hqxcH and the Zn-hqxc complex using time-dependent density functional theory calculations. From the results, it was shown that the zinc atom triggers a structural change of the hqxcH ligand from the lactam form (3,4-dihydro-3-oxo-2-quinoxalinecarboxylic acid) to the enol form (3-hydroxy-2-quinoxalinecarboxylic acid), where the latter form has several stable excited states. Several stable geometries were found for singlet and triplet excited states, suggesting that emissions for the Zn-hqxc complex can be both phosphorescence and fluorescence caused by the enol-enol, keto-keto, and keto-enol forms of the two hqcx ligands in the complex. We found that the photophysical properties of the Zn-hqxc complex are dominated by the ligand due to the filled d10 of Zn(II). The presented results suggest that, to design new ESIPT metal complexes, one possible approach is to combine a metal atom showing ligand centered emission and a ligand that has separate ESIPT and coordination sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Ebina
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan
| | - Yusuke Kondo
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB) , Kyoto University , Kyoto 615-8520 , Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwasa
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB) , Kyoto University , Kyoto 615-8520 , Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taketsugu
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan.,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB) , Kyoto University , Kyoto 615-8520 , Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD) , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 001-0021 , Japan
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