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Ma LT, Wang CH, Hon CY, Lee YR, Chu FH. Discovery and characterization of diterpene synthases in Chamaecyparis formosensis Matsum. which participated in an unprecedented diterpenoid biosynthesis route in conifer. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 304:110790. [PMID: 33568294 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Chamaecyparis formosensis Matsum. is an endemic and precious coniferous species of Taiwan, and is known for a high abundance of specialized metabolites, which contributes to the excellent timber durability. Several terpenoids were identified and isolated from C. formosensis wood and needles, and exhibit anti-fungal and anti-bacterial bioactivities, which may participate in plant defense against pathogens. In various identified compounds, not only cadinene and ferruginol, were identified in C. formosensis extracts but also unique diterpenoids, which include pisferal, totarol, and derivates of isoabienol. To understand the biosynthesis of these specific diterpenoids, we conducted a series of functional characterization of the C. formosensis diterpene synthases (CfdiTPSs), which participate in skeleton formation and differentiation of diterpenes. In this study, we identified eight diTPSs from C. formosensis transcriptome, and they all contain either class I or class II motif, which indicates they are all monofunctional enzymes. These candidates consist of three class II diTPSs and five class I diTPSs, and after conducting in vivo and in vitro assays, class II diTPS CfCPS1 was characterized as a (+)-copalyl diphosphate synthase ((+)-CPS), and class I diTPSs CfKSL1 could further convert (+)-copalyl diphosphate ((+)-CPP) to levopimaradiene. Meanwhile, CfKSL1 also accepted labda-13-en-8-ol diphosphate (LPP) as substrate and formed monoyl oxide. Another class I diTPS, CfKSL4, exhibits a strong enzymatic ability of isoabienol synthase, which is firstly reported in conifer. This finding provides potential participants in the biosynthesis of unique diterpenoids, and with this knowledge, we can further expand our understanding of diterpenoid metabolism in Cupressaceae and their potential role in plant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ting Ma
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hsin Wang
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Yao Hon
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ru Lee
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Hua Chu
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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Shpatov AV, Frolova TS, Popov SA, Sinitsyna OI, Salnikova OI, Zheng G, Yan L, Sinelnikova NV, Pshennikova LM, Kochetov AV. Lipophilic Metabolites from Five-Needle Pines, Pinus armandii and Pinus kwangtungensis, Exhibiting Antibacterial Activity. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e2000201. [PMID: 32413199 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Lipophilic extractive metabolites from needles and defoliated twigs of Pinus armandii and P. kwangtungensis were studied by GC/MS. Needles of P. armandii contained predominantly 15-O-functionalized labdane type acids (anticopalic acid), fatty acids, nonacosan-10-ol, sterols, nonacosan-10-ol and sterol saponifiable esters, and acylglycerols, while P. kwangtungensis needles contained no anticopalic acid, but more trinorlabdane (14,15,16-trinor-8(17)-labdene-13,19-dioic acid) and other labdane type acids, nonacosan-10-ol and its saponifiable esters. The major compounds in the P. armandii defoliated twig extract were abietane and isopimarane type acids, fatty acids, sterols, labdanoids (cis-abienol), cembranoids (isocembrol and 4-epi-isocembrol), saponifiable sterol esters, and acylglycerols. The same extract of P. kwangtungensis contained larger quantities of fatty acids, caryophyllene oxide, serratanoids, sterols, saponifiable sterol esters, and acylglycerols, but lesser amounts of abietane and isopimarane type acids, cis-abienol, and lacked cembranoids. Both twig and needle extracts of P. armandii and P. kwangtungensis, as well as the extracts' fractions, significantly inhibited the growth of Gram-negative bacteria Serratia marcescens with MIC of 0.1 mg ml-1 , while in most cases they slightly stimulated the growth of Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis at the same concentrations. Thus, lipophilic extractive compounds from the needles and defoliated twigs of both pines are prospective for the development of antiseptics against Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Shpatov
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry (NIOC), Acad. Lavrentyev Ave. 9, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Tatyana S Frolova
- Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Cytology and Genetics (ICG), Acad. Lavrentyev Ave. 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University (NSU), Pirogov Str. 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Sergey A Popov
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry (NIOC), Acad. Lavrentyev Ave. 9, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Olga I Sinitsyna
- Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Cytology and Genetics (ICG), Acad. Lavrentyev Ave. 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University (NSU), Pirogov Str. 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Olga I Salnikova
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry (NIOC), Acad. Lavrentyev Ave. 9, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Guangyao Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products (ICIFP), Chinese Academy of Forestry, 16 Suojin Wucun, Nanjing, 210042, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Yan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products (ICIFP), Chinese Academy of Forestry, 16 Suojin Wucun, Nanjing, 210042, P. R. China
| | - Nadezhda V Sinelnikova
- Laboratory of Botany, Institute of Biological Problems of the North (IBPN), Portovaya Str. 18, Magadan, 685000, Russia
| | - Lyudmila M Pshennikova
- Laboratory of Introduction and Selection, Botanical Garden-Institute (BGI), Makovskiy Str. 142, Vladivostok, 690024, Russia
| | - Alexey V Kochetov
- Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Cytology and Genetics (ICG), Acad. Lavrentyev Ave. 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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