1
|
Akter T, Bulbul MRH, Sama-ae I, Azadi MA, Nira KN, Al-Araby SQ, Deen JI, Rafi MKJ, Saha S, Ezaj MMA, Rahman MA. Sour Tamarind Is More Antihypertensive than the Sweeter One, as Evidenced by In Vivo Biochemical Indexes, Ligand-Protein Interactions, Multitarget Interactions, and Molecular Dynamic Simulation. Nutrients 2023; 15:3402. [PMID: 37571339 PMCID: PMC10420995 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This research investigated the antihypertensive effects of tamarind products and compared their potentials based on an animal model's data verified by molecular docking, multitarget interactions, and dynamic simulation assays. GC-MS-characterized tamarind products were administered to cholesterol-induced hypertensive albino rat models. The two-week-intervened animals were dissected to collect their serum and organs and respectively subjected to analyses of their hypertension-linked markers and tissue architectures. The lead biometabolites of tamarinds interacted with eight target receptors in the molecular docking and dynamic simulation studies and with multitarget in the network pharmacological analyses. The results show that the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), C-reactive protein (CRP), troponin I, and lipid profiles were maximally reinstated by the phenolic-enriched ripened sour tamarind extract compared to the sweet one, but the seed extracts had a smaller influence. Among the tamarind's biometabolites, ϒ-sitosterol was found to be the best ligand to interact with the guanylate cyclase receptor, displaying the best drug-likeliness with the highest binding energy, -9.3 Kcal. A multitargeted interaction-based degree algorithm and a phylogenetic tree of pathways showed that the NR3C1, REN, PPARG, and CYP11B1 hub genes were consistently modulated by ϒ-sitosterol to reduce hypertension and related risk factors. The dynamic simulation study showed that the P-RMSD values of ϒ-sitosterol-guanylate cyclase were stable between 75.00 and 100.00 ns at the binding pocket. The findings demonstrate that ripened sour tamarind extract may be a prospective antihypertensive nutraceutical or supplement target affirmed through advanced preclinical and clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taslima Akter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh; (T.A.); (K.N.N.); (S.Q.A.-A.); (J.I.D.); (M.K.J.R.); (S.S.)
| | | | - Imran Sama-ae
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand;
| | - M. A. Azadi
- Department of Zoology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh;
| | - Kamrun Nahar Nira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh; (T.A.); (K.N.N.); (S.Q.A.-A.); (J.I.D.); (M.K.J.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Salahuddin Quader Al-Araby
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh; (T.A.); (K.N.N.); (S.Q.A.-A.); (J.I.D.); (M.K.J.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Jobaier Ibne Deen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh; (T.A.); (K.N.N.); (S.Q.A.-A.); (J.I.D.); (M.K.J.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Md. Khalid Juhani Rafi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh; (T.A.); (K.N.N.); (S.Q.A.-A.); (J.I.D.); (M.K.J.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Srabonti Saha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh; (T.A.); (K.N.N.); (S.Q.A.-A.); (J.I.D.); (M.K.J.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Md. Muzahid Ahmed Ezaj
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh;
| | - Md. Atiar Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh; (T.A.); (K.N.N.); (S.Q.A.-A.); (J.I.D.); (M.K.J.R.); (S.S.)
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Naumov VV, Isaeva VA, Sharnin VA, Kuzina EN. Constants of acid-base equilibria of glycylglycine in water-dimethyl sulfoxide solutions at 298 K. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s003602441110013x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
3
|
Naumov VV, Isaeva VA, Sharnin VA. Nickel(II) complexing with glycylglycine and acid-base equilibria of the ligand in aqueous ethanol solvents. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023611070199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
4
|
Isaeva VA, Naumov VV, Gesse ZF, Sharnin VA. The influence of water-acetone solvents on the acid-base properties of glycylglycine. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024409030133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
5
|
Boraei AAA, Ahmed IT. DIVALENT TRANSITION METAL ION MIXED-LIGAND COMPLEXES OF TRICINE OR GLYCYLGLYCINE AND 8-HYDROXYQUINOLINE: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND FORMATION CONSTANTS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1081/sim-120005616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|