Cyanoacetanilides Intermediates in Heterocyclic Synthesis. Part 2: Preparation of Some Hitherto Unknown Ketene Dithioacetal, Benzoazole and Pyridone Derivatives

Quinazolinone-Hydrazine Cyanoacetamide Hybrids as Potent Multitarget-Directed Druggable Therapeutics against Alzheimer's Disease: Design, Synthesis, and Biochemical, In Silico, and Mechanistic Analyses

The discovery of effective multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) against multifactorial Alzheimer's disease (AD) remnants has been focused in an incessant drug discovery pursuit. In this perception, the current study explores the rational design, synthesis, and evaluation of 26 quinazolinone-hydrazine cyanoacetamide hybrids 7(a-j), 8(a-j), and 9(a-f) as MTDLs against AD. These new compounds were synthesized in four-step processes using simple phthalimide as the starting material without any major workup procedures and were characterized by different spectroscopic techniques. In Ellman's assay, the most potent analogues 7i, 8j, and 9d were identified as selective and mixed-type inhibitors of hAChE. Furthermore, biophysical and computational assessments revealed that the analogues 7i, 8j, and 9d were bound to both the catalytic active site and peripheral anionic site of hAChE with high affinity. The molecular dynamics simulation analysis highlighted the conformational changes of hAChE upon binding of 7i, 8j, and 9d and also the stability of resulting biomolecular systems all over 100 ns simulations. In addition to antioxidant activity, the most active congeners were found to protect substantially SK-N-SH cells from oxidative damage. Decisively, the most active analogues 7i, 8j, and 9d were assessed as potent Aβ1-42 fibril modulators and protective agents against Aβ1-42-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Additionally, glioblastoma C6 cell-based assays also demonstrated the use of the most active congeners 7i, 8j, and 9d as protective agents against Aβ1-42-induced toxicity. Overall, this multifunctional capacity of quinazolinone-hydrazine cyanoacetamide hybrids demonstrated the noteworthy potential of these hybrids to develop as effectual MTDLs against AD. However, further pharmacokinetics, toxicology, and behavioral studies are warranted.

Synthesis and insecticidal assessment of some innovative heterocycles incorporating a thiadiazole moiety against the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis

A new 2-cyano-N-(5-ethyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)acetamide was utilized as a versatile precursor for the synthesis of various heterocycles.

Synthesis, Characterisation and Antimicrobial Activity of Thiazole, Bisthiazole, Pyridone and Bispyridone Derivatives

N-cyclohexyl-2-cyanoacetamide was reacted with phenyl isothiocyanates and sulfur to give thiazolidine and bisthiazolidine derivatives. Treatment of N-cyclohexyl-2-cyanoacetamide with phenyl isothiocyanate and KOH followed by in situ heterocyclisation with α-halo compounds gave thiazole derivatives. Treatment of N-cyclohexyl-2-cyanoacetamides with cinnamonitriles gave pyridone and bispyridone derivatives. N-cyclohexyl-2-cyanoacetamide coupled smoothly with benzene-diazonium chloride in pyridine. Cyclocondensation of N-cyclohexyl-2-cyanoacetamide with acetylacetone gave 1,1′-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(4,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile). Ternary condensation of N-cyclohexyl-2-cyanoacetamide, malononitrile and acetaldehyde gave a bispyridone derivative. Some of the new compounds were tested against bacteria and some fungi.