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Muneer M, Kanjal MI, Saeed M, Jamal MA, Haq AU, Iqbal M, Haq EU, Ali S. Degradation of moxifloxacin by ionizing radiation and toxicity assessment. Z PHYS CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2019-1559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The gamma ray induced degradation of moxifloxacin in aqueous media has been evaluated. The drug solutions (50 & 100 mg/L) were irradiated to absorbed doses of 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, 1.5, 2, 3 and 4 kGy using Cs-137 gamma radiation source. The parameters such as drug initial concentration, oxidant (H2O2) concentration and gamma ray absorbed doses were optimized. The efficiency of Advanced oxidation processes (AOP) was evaluated on the basis of degradation, reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) and toxicity reduction of the drug. The maximum degradation of 94.01 and 88.30% was achieved when drug solutions were exposed to gamma irradiation absorbed dose of 4 kGy which enhanced to 100 and 99.06% in the presence of H2O2 (0.5 mL/L) for 50 and 100 mg/L respectively. A significant reduction in COD 72 and 75% for 50 mg/L while 65 and 69% in case of 100 mg/L was noted using gamma and gamma/H2O2 respectively at absorbed dose of 4 kGy. The parameters such as dose constant (k), removal efficiency (G-value), gamma ray absorbed doses required for 50, 90 and 99% degradation (D
0.50, D
0.90 and D
0.99) have been calculated. The radiolytic degradation was monitored by UV–Vis spectrophotometer and HPLC, FT-IR studies were performed to investigate the change in functional groups before and after treatment, while GC-MS analysis was carried out to monitor intermediates/degraded end-products. The FT-IR spectra has shown complete destruction of aromatic rings after radiation treatment but a minor peak appeared at 1216 cm−1 corresponding to CO stretching. The GC-MS study for the drug samples treated with gamma/H2O2 has shown no any significant peak which confirms the complete degradation. The cytotoxicity of treated samples was carried out by hemolytic assay and mutagenicity using Ames test before and after each treatment. The hemolytic test showed 73.92% hemolysis, while gamma/H2O2 treatment reduced the mutagenicity to 74.08 and 65.66% against TA98 and TA100 bacterial strains respectively. The response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the data. The obtained data elaborate that gamma/H2O2process is promising approach for the remediation of pharmaceutical waste effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Muneer
- Department of Chemistry , Government College University , Faisalabad , 38000 , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Kanjal
- Department of Chemistry , Government College University , Faisalabad , 38000 , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- Department of Chemistry , Government College University , Faisalabad , 38000 , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asghar Jamal
- Department of Chemistry , Government College University , Faisalabad , 38000 , Pakistan
| | - Atta ul Haq
- Department of Chemistry , Government College University , Faisalabad , 38000 , Pakistan
| | - Munawar Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry , University of Lahore , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Ehsan ul Haq
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Saddaqat Ali
- Department of Chemistry , Government College University , Faisalabad , 38000 , Pakistan
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Abdelwahab MH, Hegazy MA, Weshahy SA, Hendawy HAM, Abbas SS. Selective spectrofluorimetric determination of two corticosteroids along with their co-formulated drugs and degradation products in ophthalmic solution and aqueous humour. LUMINESCENCE 2021; 36:1124-1142. [PMID: 33428823 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Prednisolone acetate (PNO) and fluorometholone (FRT) are corticosteroids, co-formulated with moxifloxacin HCl (MFX) and cromolyn sodium (CML), respectively. PNO has a negligible quantum yield and its hydrolytic degradation products have enhanced fluorescence, which is 250-fold greater. FRT is a nonfluorescent drug, but its hydrolytic degradation products show reasonable fluorescence; MFX and CML have native fluorescence. Two methods were proposed based on the determination of PNO and FRT via their hydrolytic degradation products in the presence of other degradation products. Method (A) was developed for simultaneous determination of PNO and MFX in the presence of PNO degradation products by measuring peak amplitudes of the first derivative (1 D) of its enhanced fluorescence; PNO and MFX were measured at 345 and 473 nm, respectively. Method (B) is a synchronous fluorescence spectroscopic method for simultaneous determination of FRT and its co-formulated drug CML in the presence of its degradation products. Fluorescence intensities were measured at λem 283 and 347 nm for FRT and CML, respectively, using Δλ = 99.20 nm. Validation of the proposed methods was conducted as per International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines. The proposed methods were successfully applied for the determination of the proposed drugs in bulk powder, ophthalmic solution, and rabbit's aqueous humour.
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Affiliation(s)
- May H Abdelwahab
- Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), 6 Abu-Hazem St. from El-Haram St, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maha A Hegazy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562 Kasr El-Aini St, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Soheir A Weshahy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562 Kasr El-Aini St, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hassan A M Hendawy
- Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), 6 Abu-Hazem St. from El-Haram St, Giza, Egypt
| | - Samah S Abbas
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562 Kasr El-Aini St, Cairo, Egypt
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Hegazy MA, Abdelwahab MH, Hendawy HAM, Weshahy SA, Abbas SS. Selective and Sensitive Chromatographic Methods for Determination of a Co-Formulated Binary Mixture in Antibacterial Eye Drops and Aqueous Humor in the Presence of Their Degradation Products and Potential Impurities. J Chromatogr Sci 2019; 58:37-52. [PMID: 31925416 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmz107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Prednisolone acetate (PDN) is a corticosteroid anti-inflammatory liable to degradation under different conditions and used with antibiotics in eye drops. Two selective stability-indicating separation techniques were developed for simultaneous determination of PDN and moxifloxacin HCl (MXF) binary mixture in pure forms, ophthalmic formulation, in the presence of PDN impurities and in the presence of their degradation products. The first method was based on HPTLC separation using silica gel 60 F254 HPTLC plates, and a developing system of toluene: ethyl acetate: methanol: ammonia (5.0: 6: 2.0: 0.05, v/v/v/v) is used with detection at 254 nm. The second method was HPLC using a mobile phase of acetonitrile: methanol: deionized water, pH 2.8 (25.0: 35.0: 40.0, v/v/v), at 254 nm. A kinetic study utilizing the developed HPLC method for PDN degradation under different stress conditions was performed. Furthermore, the method was applied for determination in rabbit aqueous humor. Validation was conducted as per ICH guidelines, and system suitability was ascertained. The calibration curves were constructed in the range 0.10-25.00 and 0.20-50.00 μg band-1, for PDN and MXF by HPTLC, while for HPLC, it was 0.02-50.00 and 0.10-50.00 μg mL-1 for both drugs, in order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha A Hegazy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562 Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, Egypt
| | - May H Abdelwahab
- National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), 6 Abu-Hazem St., 12512 El-Haram St., Giza, Egypt
| | - Hassan A M Hendawy
- National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), 6 Abu-Hazem St., 12512 El-Haram St., Giza, Egypt
| | - Soheir A Weshahy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562 Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samah S Abbas
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562 Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, Egypt
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Shah J, Nair AB, Jacob S, Patel RK, Shah H, Shehata TM, Morsy MA. Nanoemulsion Based Vehicle for Effective Ocular Delivery of Moxifloxacin Using Experimental Design and Pharmacokinetic Study in Rabbits. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11050230. [PMID: 31083593 PMCID: PMC6571706 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11050230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoemulsion is one of the potential drug delivery strategies used in topical ocular therapy. The purpose of this study was to design and optimize a nanoemulsion-based system to improve therapeutic efficacy of moxifloxacin in ophthalmic delivery. Moxifloxacin nanoemulsions were prepared by testing their solubility in oil, surfactants, and cosurfactants. A pseudoternary phase diagram was constructed by titration technique and nanoemulsions were obtained with four component mixtures of Tween 80, Soluphor® P, ethyl oleate and water. An experiment with simplex lattice design was conducted to assess the influence of formulation parameters in seven nanoemulsion formulations (MM1–MM7) containing moxifloxacin. Physicochemical characteristics and in vitro release of MM1–MM7 were examined and optimized formulation (MM3) was further evaluated for ex vivo permeation, antimicrobial activity, ocular irritation and stability. Drug pharmacokinetics in rabbit aqueous humor was assessed for MM3 and compared with conventional commercial eye drop formulation (control). MM3 exhibited complete drug release in 3 h by Higuchi diffusion controlled mechanism. Corneal steady state flux of MM3 (~32.01 µg/cm2/h) and control (~31.53 µg/cm2/h) were comparable. Ocular irritation study indicated good tolerance of MM3 and its safety for ophthalmic use. No significant changes were observed in the physicochemical properties of MM3 when stored in the refrigerator for 3 months. The greater aqueous humor concentration (Cmax; 555.73 ± 133.34 ng/mL) and delayed Tmax value (2 h) observed in MM3 suggest a reduced dosing frequency and increased therapeutic efficacy relative to control. The area under the aqueous humor concentration versus time curve (AUC0–8 h) of MM3 (1859.76 ± 424.51 ng·h/mL) was ~2 fold higher (p < 0.0005) than the control, suggesting a significant improvement in aqueous humor bioavailability. Our findings suggest that optimized nanoemulsion (MM3) enhanced the therapeutic effect of moxifloxacin and can therefore be used as a safe and effective delivery vehicle for ophthalmic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigar Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India.
| | - Anroop B Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shery Jacob
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Rakesh K Patel
- Shree S.K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kherva, Ganpat Vidyanagar, Mehsana, Gujarat 384012, India.
| | - Hiral Shah
- Arihant School of Pharmacy & BRI, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382421, India.
| | - Tamer M Shehata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Zagazig, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Aly Morsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt.
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Razzaq SN, Ashfaq M, Khan IU, Mariam I, Razzaq SS, Azeem W. Simultaneous determination of dexamethasone and moxifloxacin in pharmaceutical formulations using stability indicating HPLC method. ARAB J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Khan FU, Nasir F, Iqbal Z, Khan I, Shahbaz N, Hassan M, Ullah F. Simultaneous determination of moxifloxacin and ofloxacin in physiological fluids using high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1017-1018:120-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Moxifloxacin hydrochloride. PROFILES OF DRUG SUBSTANCES, EXCIPIENTS, AND RELATED METHODOLOGY 2014; 39:299-431. [PMID: 24794910 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800173-8.00007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive profile of moxifloxacin HCl with 198 references is reported. A full description including nomenclature, formulae, elemental analysis, and appearance is included. Methods of preparation for moxifloxacin HCl, its intermediates, and derivatives are fully described. In addition, the physical properties, analytical methods, stability, uses and applications, and pharmacology of moxifloxacin HCl are also discussed.
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Guo ZQ, Wang JH, Fang DM, Wu ZJ. Fragmentation of Moxifloxacin and Its Analogs by Electrospray Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2014.928886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Razzaq SN, Khan IU, Mariam I, Razzaq SS. Stability indicating HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of moxifloxacin and prednisolone in pharmaceutical formulations. Chem Cent J 2012; 6:94. [PMID: 22947049 PMCID: PMC3469331 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-6-94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A simple, specific, and fast stability indicating reverse phase liquid chromatographic method was established for instantaneous determination of moxifloxacin and prednisolone in bulk drugs and pharmaceutical formulations. RESULTS Optimum chromatographic separations among the moxifloxacin, prednisolone and stress-induced degradation products were achieved within 10 minutes by use of BDS Hypersil C8 column (250 X 4.6 mm, 5 μm) as stationary phase with mobile phase consisted of a mixture of phosphate buffer (18 mM) containing 0.1% (v/v) triethylamine, at pH 2.8 (adjusted with dilute phosphoric acid) and methanol (38:62 v/v) at a flow rate of 1.5 mL min-1. Detection was performed at 254 nm using diode array detector. The method was validated in accordance with ICH guidelines. Response was a linear function of concentrations over the range of 20-80 μg mL-1 for moxifloxacin (r2 ≥ 0.998) and 40-160 μg mL-1 for prednisolone (r2 ≥ 0.998). The method was resulted in good separation of both the analytes and degradation products with acceptable tailing and resolution. The peak purity index for both the analytes after all types of stress conditions was ≥ 0.9999 indicated a complete separation of both the analyte peaks from degradation products. The method can therefore, be regarded as stabilityindicating. CONCLUSIONS The developed method can be applied successfully for simultaneous determination of moxifloxacin and prednisolone in pharmaceutical formulations and their stability studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Naeem Razzaq
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Islam Ullah Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Irfana Mariam
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Marry College, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
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Sultana N, Muhammad SA, Khan MM, Nawaz M. Development and Validation of a Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Determination of Leflunomide: Application to in vitro Drug Metal Interactions. CHINESE J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201180336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Sultana N, Saeed Arayne M, Ali SN, Zuberi MH. Simultaneous determination of glipizide and glimepride by Rp-Hplc in dosage formulations and in human serum. Med Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-011-9772-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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