DNA Binding Studies and Cytotoxicity of Ethylenediamine 8-Hydroxyquinolinato Palladium(II) Chloride

Effect of Cu(II) compound containing dipicolinic acid on DNA damage: a study of antiproliferative activity and DNA interaction properties by spectroscopic, molecular docking and molecular dynamics approaches

A polymeric compound formulized as [Cu(µ-dipic)2{Na2(µ-H2O)4]n.2nH2O (I), where dipic is 2,6-pyridine dicarboxylic acid (dipicolinic acid, H2dipic), was synthesized by sonochemical irradiation. The initial in-vitro cytotoxic activity of this complex compared with renowned anticancer drugs like cisplatin, versus HCT116 colon cell lines, shows promising results. This study investigated the interaction mode between compound (I) and calf-thymus DNA utilizing a range of analytical techniques including spectrophotometry, fluorimetry, partition coefficient analysis, viscometry, gel electrophoresis and molecular docking technique. The results obtained from experimental methods reveal complex (I) could bind to CT-DNA via hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces and the theoretical methods support it. Also, complex (I) indicates nuclease activity in the attendance of H2O2 and can act as an artificial nuclease to cleave DNA with high efficiency.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

A new palladium-based antiproliferative agent: synthesis, characterization, computational calculations, cytotoxicity, and DNA binding properties

A new palladium(II) complex entitled [Pd(phendione)(8Q)]NO₃, (PdPQ), where phendione is N,N-donor heterocyclic 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dion and 8Q is 8-hydroxyquinolinate, has been synthesized and then characterized by molar conductivity, CHN analysis and spectral data (UV-Vis, FT-IR, NMR). DFT/ TDDFT procedures were also performed to determine the electronic structure and the nature of the electronic transitions of PdPQ. Moreover, the affinity and binding properties of DNA to the desired complex have been studied in details using electronic absorption, fluorescence, circular dichroism spectroscopies, and viscosity measurement in combination with molecular docking technique. The obtained results exhibit relatively high DNA binding values with a static quenching mechanism, which suggest that an intercalative mode plays a peridominate role in interaction process concluded by experimental/theoretical measurements. As a result of drug exposure, in vitro cytotoxicity assay demonstrated the antiproliferative activity of the PdPQ against leukemia cancer cell line, K562.

Anti-cancer palladium complexes: a focus on PdX2L2, palladacycles and related complexes

Much success has been achieved with platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents, i.e. through interactions with DNA. The long-term application of Pt complexes is thwarted by issues, leading scientists to examine other metals such as palladium which could exhibit complementary modes of action (given emphasis wherever known). Over the last 10 years several research groups have focused on the application of an eclectic array of palladium complexes (of the type PdX2L2, palladacycles and related structures) as potential anti-cancer agents. This review therefore provides readers with an up to date account of the advances that have taken place over the past several decades.

Synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxicity studies of a novel palladium(II) complex and evaluation of DNA-binding aspects

A new water-soluble palladium(II) complex, [Pd(bpy)(pyr-Ac]NO₃ in which bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine and pyr-Ac is 1-pyrrolacetato, has been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods (¹H NMR, FT-IR, and UV-Vis), molar conductivity measurements, and elemental analysis. The results obtained from elemental analysis and conductivity measurements confirmed the stoichiometry of ligand and its complex while the characteristic peaks in UV-Vis and FT-IR and resonance peaks in (¹H NMR spectra confirmed the formation of ligand frameworks around the palladium ion. The 50% cytotoxic concentration (Ic₅₀) of new synthesized Pd(II) complex was determined by using MTT assay against human breast cancer cell line, T47D. The interaction between the Pd(II) complex with calf thymus DNA was studied at different temperatures by using absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence titration spectra, ethidium bromide displacement, and gel chromatography studies. The results obtained by absorption spectroscopy revealed that the Pd(II) complex can bind to DNA cooperatively at low concentrations. Several binding parameters in the above interaction were calculated by the fluorescence quenching method. The quenching mechanism was suggested to be the static quenching. The thermodynamic parameters: enthalpy change (ΔH °), entropy change (ΔS °), and Gibbs free energy (ΔG °), showed that van der Waals and hydrogen binding are predominant intermolecular forces between Pd(II) complex and DNA. These results were also consistent with the results obtained from Scatchard's plots.