Synthesize, Characterization and Application of Phosphine-free Polymer Supported Palladium Nanoparticles as Effective Catalyst in Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-coupling Reactions

Palladium complexes of anionic N-heterocyclic carbenes derived from sydnones in catalysis

The anion of N-phenylsydnone, which can be generated on treatment of N-phenylsydnone with cyanomethyllithium without decomposition, can be represented as tripolar zwitterionic and as anionic N-heterocyclic carbene resonance forms. Its palladium complex was prepared from 4-bromo-3-phenylsydnone and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium and proved to be active as catalyst in Suzuki-Miyaura reactions. Thus, 2,5-dibromo-3,4-dinitrothiophene was effectively converted into 2,5-diaryl-3,4-dinitrothiophenes with 1-naphthyl, (4-trifluoromethoxy)phenyl, [4-(methylsulfanyl)phenyl], and biphenyl-4-yl boronic acid. 3-(Phenanthren-9-yl)quinoline was prepared by Suzuki-Miyaura reaction starting from 3-bromoquinoline. 1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene cross-coupled with phenyl boronic acid, 1-naphthyl boronic acid, 9-phenanthryl boronic acid. 4-Bromobenzylic alcohol gave (4-isopropylphenyl)methanol on sydnone-palladium complex-catalyzed reaction with isopropyl boronic acid.