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Neutral Pt(II) complexes containing diazafluorene derivative ligands and their electroluminescent properties. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.109170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sukpattanacharoen C, Kumar P, Chi Y, Kungwan N, Escudero D. Formation of Excimers in Isoquinolinyl Pyrazolate Pt(II) Complexes: Role of Cooperativity Effects. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:18253-18263. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chattarika Sukpattanacharoen
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yun Chi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Nawee Kungwan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Material Science and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Daniel Escudero
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Ko CL, Hung WY, Chen PT, Wang TH, Hsu HF, Liao JL, Ly KT, Wang SF, Yu CH, Liu SH, Lee GH, Tai WS, Chou PT, Chi Y. Versatile Pt(II) Pyrazolate Complexes: Emission Tuning via Interplay of Chelate Designs and Stacking Assemblies. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:16679-16690. [PMID: 32186365 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b23388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Three homoleptic Pt(II) metal complexes [Pt(imPz)2] (1), [Pt(imiz)2] (2), and [Pt(imMz)2] (3) were synthesized from the treatment of Pt(DMSO)2Cl2 and functional imidazolyl pyrazole in refluxing tetrahydrofuran (THF). Alternatively, the heteroleptic Pt(II) complexes [Pt(imPz)(fppz)] (4), [Pt(imiz)(fppz)] (5), and [Pt(imMz)(fppz)] (6) were obtained from the treatment of a common intermediate [Pt(fppzH)Cl2] with a corresponding imidazolyl chelate. Pt(II) complexes 1, 2, and 5 were studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction to reveal the corresponding packing arrangement in their crystal lattices, among which both homoleptic complexes 1 and 2 formed monomeric species, while heteroleptic 5 aligned as a dimer with a nonbonding Pt···Pt contact of 3.574 Å. Subsequent photophysical examinations showed that the homoleptic 1-3 and heteroleptic 4-6 exhibited the structured sky-blue ππ* emission and structureless light-green-emitting metal-metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MMLCT) emission in the solid state, respectively. A shortened Pt···Pt interaction of approximately 0.34-0.35 nm was confirmed in thin films of all heteroleptic Pt(II) complexes 4-6 by grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) analyses. Finally, Pt(II) complex 6 was employed as a dopant in the fabrication of organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices with varied doping ratios, among which OLEDs with only 1 wt % 6 in the SimCP host exhibited a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 5.8% and CIEx,y values of 0.20, 0.31. In contrast, OLEDs using a nondoped architecture (i.e., 100% of 6 in the emitting layer (EML)) achieved a maximum EQE of 26.8%, current efficiency (CE) of 91.7 cd A-1, and power efficiency (PE) of 80.1 lm·W-1 and CIEx,y values of 0.41, 0.55, manifesting their versatility in various degrees of stacking assemblies and hence facile color-tuning capability on OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Lun Ko
- Department of Optoelectronics and Materials Technology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yi Hung
- Department of Optoelectronics and Materials Technology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ting Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei 25137, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Hui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei 25137, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Fu Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei 25137, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ling Liao
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Kiet Tuong Ly
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Sheng Fu Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hung Yu
- Department of Optoelectronics and Materials Technology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hung Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Instrumentation Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Gene-Hsiang Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Instrumentation Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wun-Shan Tai
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Tai Chou
- Department of Chemistry and Instrumentation Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yun Chi
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Material Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
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Hsu LY, Chen DG, Liu SH, Chiu TY, Chang CH, Jen AKY, Chou PT, Chi Y. Roles of Ancillary Chelates and Overall Charges of Bis-tridentate Ir(III) Phosphors for OLED Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:1084-1093. [PMID: 31825583 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of charge-neutral bis-tridentate Ir(III) complexes (1, 3, and 4) were prepared via employing three distinctive tridentate prochelates, that is, (pzptBphFO)H2, [(phpyim)H2·(PF6)], and [(pimb)H3·(PF6)2], which possess one dianionic pzptBphFO, together with a second monoanionic tridentate chelate, namely, (pzptBphFO)H, phpyim, and pimb, respectively. Moreover, a homoleptic, charge-neutral complex 2 was obtained by methylation of chelating (pzptBphFO)H of 1 in basic media, while closely related cationic complexes 5-7 were obtained by further methylation of the remaining pyrazolate unit of previously mentioned neutral complexes 2-4, followed by anion metatheses. All of these Ir(III) metal complexes showed a broadened emission profile with an onset at ∼450 nm, a result of an enlarged ligand-centered ππ* transition gap, but with distinct efficiencies ranging from 0.8% to nearly unity. Comprehensive spectroscopic and computational approaches were executed, providing a correlation for the emission efficiencies versus energy gaps and between the metal-to-ligand charge transfer/ππ* emitting excited state and upper-lying metal-centered dd quenching state. Furthermore, Ir(III) complexes 3 and 4 were selected as dopant emitters in the fabrication of sky-blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes, affording maximum external quantum efficiencies of 16.7 and 14.6% with CIEx,y coordinates of (0.214, 0.454) and (0.191, 0.404) at a current density of 102 cd/m2, respectively. Hence, this research highlights an inherent character of bis-tridentate Ir(III) complexes in achieving high phosphorescence quantum yield at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yang Hsu
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Deng-Gao Chen
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hung Liu
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ya Chiu
- Department of Electrical Engineering , Yuan Ze University , Chung-Li 32003 , Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Chang
- Department of Electrical Engineering , Yuan Ze University , Chung-Li 32003 , Taiwan
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR
| | - Pi-Tai Chou
- Department of Chemistry , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Yun Chi
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR
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Wang SF, Fu LW, Wei YC, Liu SH, Lin JA, Lee GH, Chou PT, Huang JZ, Wu CI, Yuan Y, Lee CS, Chi Y. Near-Infrared Emission Induced by Shortened Pt–Pt Contact: Diplatinum(II) Complexes with Pyridyl Pyrimidinato Cyclometalates. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:13892-13901. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Fu Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wen Fu
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Instrumentational Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hung Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Instrumentational Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jia-An Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Instrumentational Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Gene-Hsiang Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Instrumentational Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Tai Chou
- Department of Chemistry and Instrumentational Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Zhi Huang
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
| | - Chih-I Wu
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
| | - Yi Yuan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Chi
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
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Chi Y, Wang SF, Ganesan P. Emissive Iridium(III) Complexes with Phosphorous-Containing Ancillary. CHEM REC 2018; 19:1644-1666. [PMID: 30462368 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Ir(III) metal complexes and related emitters bearing all kind of cyclometalated chromophoric chelates and non-chromophoric ancillary are extensively studied during the past three decades. Many of them have been found to display bright room temperature phosphorescence from triplet excited states in both solution and solid states, offering a possible application in contemporary optoelectronic technologies, including organic light emitting diodes, electrochemiluminescence, biological imaging and chemical sensing. Among reported materials, there are Ir(III) complexes with at least one phosphorus (P)-containing ligand and/or ancillary chelate, together with cyclometalates or equivalents that are in control of the actual emission energy. Particularly, possession of P-based donor can lead to divergent structural and photophysical properties compared to the traditional designs. This review aims to provide a literature overview as well as the authors' personal account to the development of relevant Ir(III) based phosphors bearing these P-donors. To the readers' convenience, the contents are subdivided into six sessions, according to whether or not they are charge natural, or with mono- or dianionic electronic character, and in accordance to their divergent bonding modes, i. e. monodentate, bidentate and tripodal coordination. In many cases, the P-based ancillaries offer an easy accessible route to the formation of efficient sky-blue and true-blue emitters due to their π-accepting property, together with enlarged emission energy gap and destabilized upper lying quenching state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chi
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Sheng Fu Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Paramaguru Ganesan
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
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Binuclear luminescent Pt(II) complexes based on substituted 3,6-diphenylpyridazines; synthesis and photophysical study. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Son MR, Cho YJ, Son HJ, Cho DW, Kang SO. A spectroscopic study on the satellite vibronic band in phosphorescent Pt-complexes with high colour purity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:32670-32677. [PMID: 29192908 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06069f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
To understand the relationship between the narrowing of an emission band and structural changes, we synthesised tetradentate Pt-complexes. Pt-1 has two directly connected carbazole (Cz) moieties, Pt-2 has two additional methyl groups to Pt-1, and Pt-3 has one Cz moiety. The absorption and emission spectra of Pt-2 were identical to those of Pt-1. Pt-3's emission was observed at a shorter wavelength compared to the others. We achieved phosphorescence with high colour purity by introducing a tetradentate ligand. All the Pt-complexes showed a vibronic structure in the emission spectra measured at 77 and 300 K. The 0-0 vibronic band of the Pt-complexes is quite intense compared to the 0-1 vibronic band, which may be due to less structural change of the fused tetradentate ligand in the excited state relative to the ground state. The spacing of the 0-0 and 1-0 vibronic bands is 1487 and 1323 cm-1, respectively. To understand the origin of the satellite vibronic bands, we carried out vibrational spectroscopic (IR and Raman) measurements and theoretical calculations to analyse the infrared spectrum. In addition, we carried out a transient Raman experiment to obtain the vibronic information of an excited Pt-1. The vibronic spacing in the emission was caused by the displacement of the potential energy curve in the excited state. The highest occupied molecular orbital is populated with a Cz moiety and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital is localized at the terminal pyridine moiety. For the triplet state, however, the highest singly occupied molecular orbital is delocalized on the pyrazole or imidazole moiety, as well as the pyridine moiety. These groups are located at the terminal site of the ligand, and are less rigidified and more flexible. Therefore, the major origin of the satellite vibration band in emission spectra is the stretching of the terminal groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Rang Son
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University (Sejong), Sejong, 30019, South Korea.
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