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Georgakouli K, Manthou E, Fatouros IG, Georgoulias P, Deli CK, Koutedakis Y, Theodorakis Y, Jamurtas AZ. Enhanced erythrocyte antioxidant status following an 8-week aerobic exercise training program in heavy drinkers. Alcohol 2018; 69:57-62. [PMID: 29653379 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2017.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol-induced oxidative stress is involved in the development and progression of various pathological conditions and diseases. On the other hand, exercise training has been shown to improve redox status, thus attenuating oxidative stress-associated disease processes. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of an exercise training program that has been previously reported to decrease alcohol consumption on blood redox status in heavy drinkers. In a non-randomized within-subject design, 11 sedentary, heavily drinking men (age: 30.3 ± 3.5 years; BMI: 28.4 ± 0.86 kg/m2) participated first in a control condition for 4 weeks, and then in an intervention where they completed an 8-week supervised aerobic training program of moderate intensity (50-60% of the heart rate reserve). Blood samples were collected in the control condition (pre-, post-control) as well as before, during (week 4 of the training program), and after intervention (week 8 of the training program). Samples were analyzed for total antioxidant capacity (TAC), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonyls (PC), uric acid (UA), bilirubin, reduced glutathione (GSH), and catalase activity. No significant change in indices of redox status in the pre- and post-control was observed. Catalase activity increased (p < 0.05) after 8 weeks of intervention compared to week 4. GSH increased (p < 0.05) after 8 weeks of intervention compared to the control condition and to week 4 of intervention. TAC, UA, bilirubin, TBARS, and PC did not significantly change at any time point. Moreover, concentrations of GSH, TBARS, and catalase activity negatively correlated with alcohol consumption. In conclusion, an 8-week aerobic training program enhanced erythrocyte antioxidant status in heavy drinkers, indicating that aerobic training may attenuate pathological processes caused by alcohol-induced oxidative stress.
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GEORGAKOULI KALLIOPI, MANTHOU EIRINI, FATOUROS IOANNISG, DELI CHARIKLIAK, SPANDIDOS DEMETRIOSA, TSATSAKIS ARISTIDISM, KOURETAS DEMETRIOS, KOUTEDAKIS YIANNIS, THEODORAKIS YANNIS, JAMURTAS ATHANASIOSZ. Effects of acute exercise on liver function and blood redox status in heavy drinkers. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:2015-2022. [PMID: 26668589 PMCID: PMC4665762 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption can induce oxidative stress, resulting in the development of several diseases. Exercise has been reported to prevent and/or improve a number of health issues through several mechanisms, including an improvement in redox status. It has also been previously suggested that exercise can help individuals with alcohol use disorders reduce their alcohol intake; however, research in this field is limited. The aim of the present study was to investigage the effects of acute exercise of moderate intensity on the liver function and blood redox status in heavy drinkers. For this purpose, a total of 17 heavy drinkers [age, 31.6±3.2 years; body mass index (BMI), 27.4±0.8 kg/m2; experimental group (EG)] and 17 controls [age, 33.5±1.3 years; BMI, 26.1±1.4 kg/m2; control group (CG), who did not exceed moderate alcohol consumption], underwent one trial of acute exercise of moderate intensity (50-60% of the heart rate reserve) for 30 min on a cycle ergometer, following an overnight fast, and abstaining from smoking and alcohol consumption. Blood samples were obtained before and immediately after exercise for later determination of the indices of liver function and blood redox status. The subjects in the EG had significantly higher (p<0.05) baseline γ-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT) levels compared to the subjects in the CG. Exercise thus resulted in significantly higher γ-GT levels (p<0.005) only in the EG. No significant differences in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) baseline levels were observed between the 2 groups. Following exercise, the AST levels increased significantly (p<0.001) in both groups, whereas the ALT levels increased significantly (p<0.01) only in the EG. The baseline glutathione (GSH) levels were significantly lower (p<0.05) and remained low following exercise in the EG. In addition, we observed a trend for higher (p=0.07) baseline levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), which remained elevated post-exercise in the EG compared to the CG. Significantly increased post-exercise total antioxidant capacity (TAC; p<0.01) and uric acid (UA; p<0.05) levels were noted in the CG, whereas the TAC (p=0.06) and UA (p=0.08) levels increased and approached significance post-exercise in the EG. No significant differences in the baseline levels of total bilirubin and protein carbonyl were observed between the 2 groups, even post-exercise. Thus, the findings of the present study indicate that even though heavy drinkers may be prone to oxidative stress, their exercise-induced antioxidant response is similar to that of individuals who do not drink heavily.
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Affiliation(s)
- KALLIOPI GEORGAKOULI
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala 42100, Greece
- Department of Kinesiology, Institute for Research and Technology Thessaly, Karies, Trikala 42100, Greece
| | - EIRINI MANTHOU
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala 42100, Greece
- Department of Kinesiology, Institute for Research and Technology Thessaly, Karies, Trikala 42100, Greece
| | - IOANNIS G. FATOUROS
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Democritus University, Komotini 69100, Greece
| | - CHARIKLIA K. DELI
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala 42100, Greece
- Department of Kinesiology, Institute for Research and Technology Thessaly, Karies, Trikala 42100, Greece
| | - DEMETRIOS A. SPANDIDOS
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion 71409, Greece
| | - ARISTIDIS M. TSATSAKIS
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - DEMETRIOS KOURETAS
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41221, Greece
| | - YIANNIS KOUTEDAKIS
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala 42100, Greece
- Department of Kinesiology, Institute for Research and Technology Thessaly, Karies, Trikala 42100, Greece
- School of Sports, Performing Arts and Leisure, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall, West Midlands WS1 3BD, UK
| | - YANNIS THEODORAKIS
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala 42100, Greece
| | - ATHANASIOS Z. JAMURTAS
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala 42100, Greece
- Department of Kinesiology, Institute for Research and Technology Thessaly, Karies, Trikala 42100, Greece
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