1
|
Powers M, Minchella D, Gonzalez-Acevedo M, Escutia-Plaza D, Wu J, Heger C, Milne G, Aschner M, Liu Z. Loss of hepatic manganese transporter ZIP8 disrupts serum transferrin glycosylation and the glutamate-glutamine cycle. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 78:127184. [PMID: 37163821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ZIP8, encoded by SLC39A8, is a membrane transporter that facilitates the cellular uptake of divalent biometals including zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe). The hepatic system has long been accepted as the central modulator for whole-body biometal distribution. Earlier investigations suggest the propensity of ZIP8 to prioritize Mn influx, as opposed to Fe or Zn, in hepatocytes. Hepatic ZIP8 Mn transport is crucial for maintaining homeostasis of various Mn-dependent metalloenzymes and their associated pathways. Herein, we hypothesize that a drastic decrease in systemic Mn, via the loss of hepatic ZIP8, disrupts two unique cellular pathways, post-translational glycosylation and the glutamate-glutamine cycle. METHODS ZIP8 liver-specific knockout (LSKO) mice were chosen in an attempt to substantially decrease whole-body Mn levels. To further elucidate the role of Mn in serum glycosylation, a Mn-deficient diet was adopted in conjunction with the LSKO mice to model a near-complete loss of systemic Mn. After the treatment course, transferrin sialylation profiles were determined using imaged capillary isoelectric focusing (icIEF). We also investigated the role of Mn in the glutamate-glutamine cycle; the conversion of glutamate to glutamine in F/F and LSKO mice was assessed by the glutamine/glutamate ratio in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) via HPLC-MS. An open-field study was ultimately conducted to check if these mice displayed atypical behavior. RESULTS Two major biological pathways were found to be significantly altered due to the loss of hepatic ZIP8. We identified a disparity between F/F and LSKO transferrin sialylation profiles that were exacerbated under a Mn-deficient diet. Additionally, we discovered a neurotransmitter imbalance between the levels of glutamine and glutamate, exclusive to LSKO mice. This was characterized by the decreased glutamine/glutamate ratio in CSF. Secondary to the neurotransmitter alteration, LSKO mice exhibited an increase in locomotor activity in an open-field. CONCLUSION Our model successfully established a connection between the loss of hepatic ZIP8 and two Mn-dependent cellular pathways, namely, protein glycosylation and the glutamate-glutamine cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Powers
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Dean Minchella
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Jiaqi Wu
- ProteinSimple, A Bio-Techne Brand, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Chris Heger
- ProteinSimple, A Bio-Techne Brand, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Ginger Milne
- Neurochemistry Core, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Albert Einstein Medical College, New York, USA
| | - Zijuan Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lebredonchel E, Raynor A, Bruneel A, Peoc'h K, Klein A. High CDT without clinical context: beware of the variant. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 544:117333. [PMID: 37030568 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is a performant biomarker used for the diagnosis of chronic alcohol abuse. Here, we describe the case of a 39-year-old male of Tamil ethnicity who had extremely elevated (20%) CDT using capillary electrophoresis (but without glycoforms profile analysis), putting his driving license regranting at risk. However, the patient had no symptoms of chronic alcohol abuse, normal mean corpuscular volume and gamma-glutamyl transferase, and did not admit to any alcohol consumption. Re-analysis by N-Latex CDT immunoassay revealed a CDT at 1.7%. Further investigation by whole-exome sequencing revealed a c.1295A>G missense variant at the heterozygous state on the TFgene. This variant is characterized by an amino-acid change at a consensus sequence forN-glycosylation. Therefore, half of the patient transferrin proteins were lacking a completeN-glycan chain out of two, despite no alcohol consumption. This also explains the discrepancies between the techniques, as the N-Latex antibodies did not recognize the mutated sequence. In conclusion, this case highlights the importance of comparing laboratory results between themselves and the clinical description, the absolute requirement for glycoforms profile analysis before delivering results, and the necessity to confirm intriguing results by another technique in a specialized laboratory.
Collapse
|
3
|
Erdal AE, Ceylan AC, Gücüyener K, Öktem RM, Kıreker Köylü O, Kasapkara ÇS. ALG11-CDG: novel variant and review of the literature. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2023; 36:409-413. [PMID: 36843332 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2022-0480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Asparagine-dependent glycosylation 11-congenital disorders of glycosylation (ALG11-CDG) is a rare autosomal recessive N-glycosylation defect with multisystem involvement particularly neurological symptoms such as epilepsy and neuromotor developmental delay. CASE PRESENTATION A 31-month-old male patient admitted to our center with complaints of axial hypotonia, drug-resistant myoclonic seizures, microcephaly and deafness. The electroencephalography (EEG) showed a burst-suppression pattern without hypsarrhythmia. Basal metabolic investigations were unremarkable. Progressive cerebral atrophy, hypomyelination and corpus callosum hypoplasia were striking features in brain MRI images taken during our follow-up. Compound heterozygous mutations of the ALG11 gene were found by whole exome sequencing (WES) analysis. It was determined that the c.476T>C mutation is a novel mutation. CDG type 1 pattern was detected with the examination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) by capillary zone electrophoresis. CONCLUSIONS In patients with a possible congenital defect of glycosylation, a screening test such as CDT analysis is suggested. To discover novel mutations in this rare disease group, expanded genetic analysis should be performed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayşenur Engin Erdal
- Department of Pediatric Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Çankaya, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Cevdet Ceylan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University Faculty of Medicine, Çankaya, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Kıvılcım Gücüyener
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Rıdvan Murat Öktem
- Department of Pediatric Metabolic Diseases, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Oya Kıreker Köylü
- Department of Pediatric Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Çiğdem Seher Kasapkara
- Department of Pediatric Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2017-2018. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:227-431. [PMID: 34719822 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review is the tenth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2018. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to glycan and glycoprotein analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, new methods, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation and the use of arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Most of the applications are presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. The reported work shows increasing use of combined new techniques such as ion mobility and highlights the impact that MALDI imaging is having across a range of diciplines. MALDI is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and the range of applications continue steady progress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Leukocyte Phosphomannomutase and Phosphomannose Isomerase Activity in an Indian Cohort. Indian J Clin Biochem 2022; 37:238-241. [PMID: 35463115 PMCID: PMC8993976 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-020-00930-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Advances in molecular sequencing technology has increased the diagnostic yield for Congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG). However, novel variants or those of uncertain significance (vus) often pose a challenge and in such cases confirmed diagnosis can be warranted through enzyme analysis of these defects. We thus, aimed to optimize leukocyte-based enzyme assays for first two enzymes involved in N-glycosylation pathway i.e. Phosphomannomutase (PMM) and Phosphomannose isomerase (MPI). Study population comprised of 50 healthy non-alcoholic adults and 20 pediatric controls. Leukocyte enzyme activity was measured by monitoring the conversion of NADP to NADPH at 340 nm. The conditions were optimized and precision was assessed for both low and normal activity leukocyte controls. Enzyme activities for PMM and MPI in healthy individuals were measured in the range 1.6-3.9 and 7-20 nmol/min/mg protein respectively and did not vary with age and gender. The precision for both PMM and MPI showed %CV of 19.9 and 19.8 respectively. The enzyme activity in leukocyte pellet was found to be stable for up to 9 months when stored at -80 °C. The enzyme assays are optimized for PMM and MPI and can be used for evaluation of CDG patients in India.
Collapse
|
6
|
Mordaunt D, Cox D, Fuller M. Metabolomics to Improve the Diagnostic Efficiency of Inborn Errors of Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041195. [PMID: 32054038 PMCID: PMC7072749 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM)—a large group of congenital disorders—is critical, given that many respond well to targeted therapy. Newborn screening programs successfully capture a proportion of patients enabling early recognition and prompt initiation of therapy. For others, the heterogeneity in clinical presentation often confuses diagnosis with more common conditions. In the absence of family history and following clinical suspicion, the laboratory diagnosis typically begins with broad screening tests to circumscribe specialised metabolite and/or enzyme assays to identify the specific IEM. Confirmation of the biochemical diagnosis is usually achieved by identifying pathogenic genetic variants that will also enable cascade testing for family members. Unsurprisingly, this diagnostic trajectory is too often a protracted and lengthy process resulting in delays in diagnosis and, importantly, therapeutic intervention for these rare conditions is also postponed. Implementation of mass spectrometry technologies coupled with the expanding field of metabolomics is changing the landscape of diagnosing IEM as numerous metabolites, as well as enzymes, can now be measured collectively on a single mass spectrometry-based platform. As the biochemical consequences of impaired metabolism continue to be elucidated, the measurement of secondary metabolites common across groups of IEM will facilitate algorithms to further increase the efficiency of diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Mordaunt
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology at Women’s and Children’s Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia; (D.M.); (D.C.)
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - David Cox
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology at Women’s and Children’s Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia; (D.M.); (D.C.)
| | - Maria Fuller
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology at Women’s and Children’s Hospital, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia; (D.M.); (D.C.)
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-8161-6741
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kingma HA, van der Sluijs FH, Heiner-Fokkema MR. Fast screening of N-glycosylation disorders by sialotransferrin profiling with capillary zone electrophoresis. Ann Clin Biochem 2018; 55:693-701. [PMID: 29792046 PMCID: PMC6196592 DOI: 10.1177/0004563218779609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a growing group of rare genetic disorders. The most frequently used screening method is sialotransferrin profiling using isoelectric focusing (IEF). Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) may be a simple and fast alternative. We investigated the Capillarys™ CDT assay (Sebia, France) to screen for N-glycosylation disorders, using IEF as gold standard. Methods Intra- and inter-assay precision were established, and analyses in heparin-anticoagulated plasma and serum were compared. Accuracy was assessed by comparing IEF and CZE profiles of 153 samples, including 49 normal, 53 CDG type I, 2 CDG type II, 1 combined CDG type I and type II and 48 samples with a Tf-polymorphism. Neuraminidase-treated plasma was analysed to discriminate CDG and Tf-polymorphisms using samples of 52 subjects (25 had a confirmed Tf-polymorphism). Age-dependent reference values were established using profiles of 312 samples. Results Heparin-plasma is as suitable as serum for CDG screening with the Capillarys™ CDT assay. The precision of the method is high, with a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.5%. All profiles, including CDG and Tf-polymorphisms, were correctly identified with CZE. Forty-nine of 52 neuraminidase-treated samples correctly identified the presence/absence of a Tf-polymorphism. Interferences in 3/52 samples hampered interpretation. Sialo-Tf profiles were dependent of age, in particular in the first three months of age. Conclusions CZE analysis with the Capillarys™ CDT kit (Sebia) is a fast and reliable method for screening of N-glycosylation defects. Tf-polymorphisms could be excluded after overnight incubation with neuraminidase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- HA Kingma
- Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - FH van der Sluijs
- Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - MR Heiner-Fokkema
- Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Andresen-Streichert* H, Müller* A, Glahn A, Skopp* G, Sterneck* M. Alcohol Biomarkers in Clinical and Forensic Contexts. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 115:309-315. [PMID: 29807559 PMCID: PMC5987059 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2018.0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomarkers of alcohol consumption are important not only in forensic contexts, e.g., in child custody proceedings or as documentation of alcohol abstinence after temporary confiscation of a driver's license. They are increasingly being used in clinical medicine as well for verification of abstinence or to rule out the harmful use of alcohol. METHODS This review is based on pertinent publications that were retrieved by a selective literature search in PubMed concerning the direct and indirect alcohol markers discussed here, as well as on the authors' experience in laboratory analysis and clinical medicine. RESULTS Alongside the direct demonstration of ethanol, the available markers of alcohol consumption include the classic indirect markers carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) as well as direct alcohol markers such as ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS) in serum and urine and EtG and fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) in hair. Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) is a promising parameter that com - plements the existing spectrum of tests with high specificity (48-89%) and sensi - tivity (88-100%). In routine clinical practice, the demonstration of positive alcohol markers often leads patients to admit previously denied alcohol use. This makes it possible to motivate the patient to undergo treatment for alcoholism. CONCLUSION The available alcohol biomarkers vary in sensitivity and specificity with respect to the time period over which they indicate alcohol use and the minimum extent of alcohol use that they can detect. The appropriate marker or combination of markers should be chosen in each case according to the particular question that is to be answered by laboratory analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilke Andresen-Streichert*
- * These authors share the position of the first/last author
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Department of Toxicology and Alcohology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Müller*
- * These authors share the position of the first/last author
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Department of Toxicology and Alcohology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gisela Skopp*
- * These authors share the position of the first/last author
- Forensisch Toxikologisches Centrum München GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Sterneck*
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantation Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dave MB, Dherai AJ, Udani VP, Hegde AU, Desai NA, Ashavaid TF. Comparison of transferrin isoform analysis by capillary electrophoresis and HPLC for screening congenital disorders of glycosylation. J Clin Lab Anal 2017; 32. [PMID: 28236367 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transferrin, a major glycoprotein has different isoforms depending on the number of sialic acid residues present on its oligosaccharide chain. Genetic variants of transferrin as well as the primary (CDG) & secondary glycosylation defects lead to an altered transferrin pattern. Isoform analysis methods are based on charge/mass variations. We aimed to compare the performance of commercially available capillary electrophoresis CDT kit for diagnosing congenital disorders of glycosylation with our in-house optimized HPLC method for transferrin isoform analysis. METHODS The isoform pattern of 30 healthy controls & 50 CDG-suspected patients was determined by CE using a Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin kit. The results were compared with in-house HPLC-based assay for transferrin isoforms. RESULTS Transferrin isoform pattern for healthy individuals showed a predominant tetrasialo transferrin fraction followed by pentasialo, trisialo, and disialotransferrin. Two of 50 CDG-suspected patients showed the presence of asialylated isoforms. The results were comparable with isoform pattern obtained by HPLC. The commercial controls showed a <20% CV for each isoform. Bland Altman plot showed the difference plot to be within +1.96 with no systemic bias in the test results by HPLC & CE. CONCLUSION The CE method is rapid, reproducible and comparable with HPLC and can be used for screening Glycosylation defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mihika B Dave
- Research Department, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital & Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Alpa J Dherai
- Research Department, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital & Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.,Biochemistry section, Department of Laboratory Medicine, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital & Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vrajesh P Udani
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital & Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anaita U Hegde
- Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Neelu A Desai
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital & Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tester F Ashavaid
- Research Department, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital & Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.,Biochemistry section, Department of Laboratory Medicine, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital & Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|