1
|
Garcia-Beltran C, Peyrou M, Navarro-Gascon A, López-Bermejo A, de Zegher F, Villarroya F, Ibáñez L. Organokines and liver enzymes in adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome during randomized treatments. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1325230. [PMID: 38818508 PMCID: PMC11137167 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1325230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is often associated with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). MAFLD has been associated with altered hepatic function, systemic dysmetabolism, and abnormal circulating levels of signaling molecules called organokines. Here, we assessed the effects of two randomized treatments on a set of organokines in adolescent girls with PCOS and without obesity, and report the associations with circulating biomarkers of liver damage, which were assessed longitudinally in the aforementioned studies as safety markers. Materials and methods Liver enzymes [aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)] were assessed as safety markers in previous randomized pilot studies comparing the effects of an oral contraceptive (OC) with those of a low-dose combination of spironolactone-pioglitazone-metformin (spiomet) for 1 year. As a post hoc endpoint, the organokines fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21), diazepam-binding protein-1 (DBI), and meteorin-like protein (METRNL) were assessed by ELISA after 6 months of OC (N = 26) or spiomet (N = 28). Auxological, endocrine-metabolic, body composition (using DXA), and abdominal fat partitioning (using MRI) were also evaluated. Healthy, age-matched adolescent girls (N = 17) served as controls. Results Circulating ALT and GGT levels increased during OC treatment and returned to baseline concentrations in the post-treatment phase; in contrast, spiomet treatment elicited no detectable changes in ALT and GGT concentrations. In relation to organokines after 6 months of treatment, (1) FGF21 levels were significantly higher in PCOS adolescents than in control girls; (2) DBI levels were lower in OC-treated girls than in controls and spiomet-treated girls; and (3) no differences were observed in METRNL concentrations between PCOS girls and controls. Serum ALT and GGT levels were directly correlated with circulating METRNL levels only in OC-treated girls (R = 0.449, P = 0.036 and R = 0.552, P = 0.004, respectively). Conclusion The on-treatment increase in ALT and GGT levels occurring only in OC-treated girls is associated with circulating METRNL levels, suggesting enhanced METRNL synthesis as a reaction to the hepatic changes elicited by OC treatment. Clinical Trial Registration https://doi.org, identifiers 10.1186/ISRCTN29234515, 10.1186/ISRCTN11062950.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Garcia-Beltran
- Endocrinology Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marion Peyrou
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine Department, Biomedicine Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Artur Navarro-Gascon
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine Department, Biomedicine Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Abel López-Bermejo
- Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBGI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona and Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital, Girona, Spain
| | - Francis de Zegher
- Leuven Research and Development, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine Department, Biomedicine Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Ibáñez
- Endocrinology Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jeong KJ, Mukae M, Lee SR, Kim SY, Kim SH, Cho YE, An BS, Ko JW, Kwun HJ, Baek IJ, Hong EJ. Progesterone increases hepatic lipid content and plasma lipid levels through PR- B-mediated lipogenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116281. [PMID: 38364736 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Progesterone (P4) is a crucial reproductive hormone that acts as a precursor for all other endogenous steroids. P4 modulates transcriptional activity during reproduction by binding to progesterone receptors (PR). However, the physiological role of P4 in the liver is understudied. P4-mediated lipid metabolism in the liver was investigated in this study, as P4 facilitates insulin resistance and influences energy metabolism. While exogenous lipids are mainly obtained from food, the liver synthesizes endogenous triglycerides and cholesterol from a carbohydrate diet. Hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) is primarily determined by acetyl-CoA and its biosynthetic pathways, which involve fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis. While P4 increased the hepatic levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 C (SREBP-1 C), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and CD36, co-treatment with the P4 receptor antagonist RU486 blocked these proteins and P4-mediated lipogenesis. RNA sequencing was used to assess the role of P4 in lipogenic events, such as fatty liver and fatty acid metabolism, lipoprotein signaling, and cholesterol metabolism. P4 induced hepatic DNL and lipid anabolism were confirmed in the liver of ovarian resection mice fed a high-fat diet or in pregnant mice. P4 increased lipogenesis directly in mice exposed to P4 and indirectly in fetuses exposed to maternal P4. The lipid balance between lipogenesis and lipolysis determines fat build-up and is linked to lipid metabolism dysfunction, which involves the breakdown and storage of fats for energy and the synthesis of structural and functional lipids. Therefore, P4 may impact the lipid metabolism and reproductive development during gestation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Ju Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Moeka Mukae
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang R Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yun Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; Reproductive Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hyeon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; Reproductive Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Eun Cho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong, Korea
| | - Beum-Soo An
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Won Ko
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Kwun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jeoung Baek
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Ju Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Özcan Ö, den Elzen WPJ, Hillebrand JJ, den Heijer M, van Loendersloot LL, Fischer J, Hamer H, de Jonge R, Heijboer AC. The effect of hormonal contraceptive therapy on clinical laboratory parameters: a literature review. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:18-40. [PMID: 37419659 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Hormonal contraceptives (HC) are widely used among women in reproductive ages. In this review, the effects of HCs on 91 routine chemistry tests, metabolic tests, and tests for liver function, hemostatic system, renal function, hormones, vitamins and minerals were evaluated. Test parameters were differently affected by the dosage, duration, composition of HCs and route of administration. Most studies concerned the effects of combined oral contraceptives (COC) on the metabolic, hemostatic and (sex) steroids test results. Although the majority of the effects were minor, a major increase was seen in angiotensinogen levels (90-375 %) and the concentrations of the binding proteins (SHBG [∼200 %], CBG [∼100 %], TBG [∼90 %], VDBP [∼30 %], and IGFBPs [∼40 %]). Also, there were significant changes in levels of their bound molecules (testosterone, T3, T4, cortisol, vitamin D, IGF1 and GH). Data about the effects of all kinds of HCs on all test results are limited and sometimes inconclusive due to the large variety in HC, administration routes and dosages. Still, it can be concluded that HC use in women mainly stimulates the liver production of binding proteins. All biochemical test results of women using HC should be assessed carefully and unexpected test results should be further evaluated for both methodological and pre-analytical reasons. As HCs change over time, future studies are needed to learn more about the effects of other types, routes and combinations of HCs on clinical chemistry tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Özcan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy P J den Elzen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jacquelien J Hillebrand
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin den Heijer
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Laura L van Loendersloot
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Fischer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henrike Hamer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert de Jonge
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke C Heijboer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hashemi SJ, Khezri R, Saki N, Nasehi N, Hosseini SA, Harizi M, Rahimi Z. Association between oral contraceptives with lipid profile: results from Hoveyzeh cohort study (HCS). BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:552. [PMID: 37875906 PMCID: PMC10594894 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02703-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral contraceptives (OCs) affect lipid metabolism, which can cause hyperlipidemia, a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The study was designed to evaluate the possible changes in lipid profile due to using OCs. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2016 to August 2018 among women from the baseline phase Hoveyzeh cohort study (HCS). Sociodemographic data, anthropometric measurements, physical activity, and biochemical blood tests were measured for every participant. Multiple logistic regression was used to adjust the potential confounders. RESULTS Among 2272 participants, 1549 women were OC users, and 723 women were non-user OCs. The mean lipid profile levels were higher in OC users than in non-user OCs. Odds of abnormal Total cholesterol (TC) in OC users were significantly higher than those of non-users OCs [OR = 1.29 (95% CI;1.05 to 1.58)]. Also, the Odds of abnormal low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in OC users was 12% higher than in non-user OCs. However, no significant relationship between abnormal LDL with Oral Contraceptive Pills (OCPs) was observed. CONCLUSIONS The mean lipid profile was higher in OC users compared to non-user OCs. This finding highlights the need for public health strategies to prevent and detect hyperlipidemia in user OCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Jalal Hashemi
- Alimentary Tract Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Rozhan Khezri
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Saki
- Hearing Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nahal Nasehi
- Fertility, Infertility, and Perinatology Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Hosseini
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahmood Harizi
- Chamran Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Zahra Rahimi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chane E, Wondifraw H, Hadgu R, Fasil A. Assessment of liver function tests of women taking hormonal contraceptives at University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital and Family Guidance Association of Gondar (FGAE), 2022; a comparative cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289746. [PMID: 37590278 PMCID: PMC10434896 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hormonal contraceptives are artificial preparations that contain artificial progestins and Ethinylestradiol; these preparations are utilized by women of reproductive age to prevent pregnancy. Roughly a billion women in the world use some form of contraceptive worldwide. Despite the utility of these preparations, they are linked with several adverse effects, including disturbances of liver functionality and integrity. However, previous studies conducted to assess the association between hormonal contraceptive utilization and liver function tests reported conflicting results, and the effects remained a matter of concern. METHODS The study enrolled a total of 264 participants, who were allocated into two groups. One group of hormonal contraceptive users who use the medication for a minimum of six months: Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), combined oral contraceptives (COC), Norplant, and Implant users and another age-matched non-user control group in a ratio of 1:1. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic, behavioral, and clinical data. Five ml serum blood sample was collected for liver function test analysis on a Beckman Coulter Clinical Chemistry analyzer (DXC 700 AU). Independent t-test was used to compare liver function tests of hormonal contraceptive users and non-user controls, whereas ANOVA followed by a Bonferroni post hoc test was used for intra- (between classes of contraceptives) and inter-group (between each class of contraceptives and controls) comparisons and to identify factors associated. RESULTS Hormonal contraceptive users were observed to have a statistically significant higher mean value of liver enzymes assessed compared to non-user control groups: aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (47.07±14.79 versus 25.92±7.37; p <0.001), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (35.83±13.76 versus 16.56 ± 5.03; p <0.001), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (63.34±14.74 versus 45.41±14.34, p <0.001) and for γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (47.37±24.32 versus 19.45 ± 6.86 p <0.001). Similarly, the mean value of total and direct bilirubin (mg/dL) among HC users showed a statistically significant elevation (0.68 ± 0.22 against 0.32 ± 0.13, p <0.001) for total bilirubin and (0.14 ± 0.06 against 0.06 ± 0.03, p <0.001) for direct bilirubin respectively. However, no statistically significant result was observed in the mean values of total protein and albumin. For total protein (6.7 ± 0.89 versus 6.5 ± 1.15, p 0.07) and for albumin (5.4 ± 0.92 versus 5.3 ± 1.08; p 0.30). The current study also indicates the level of hepatic function test alteration is related to the type of hormonal contraceptives, duration of usage, and level of adherence to a specific class of contraceptives. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Hormonal contraceptive use was observed to affect hepatic function. Based on this finding, we strongly recommend to closely monitor liver function tests in women using hormonal contraceptives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elias Chane
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Wondifraw
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Rishan Hadgu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Alebachew Fasil
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kunachowicz D, Ściskalska M, Kepinska M. Modulatory Effect of Lifestyle-Related, Environmental and Genetic Factors on Paraoxonase-1 Activity: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2813. [PMID: 36833509 PMCID: PMC9957543 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is a calcium-dependent, HDL-bound serum hydrolase active toward a wide variety of substrates. PON1 displays three types of activities, among which lactonase, paraoxonase, arylesterase and phosphotriesterase can be distinguished. Not only is this enzyme a major organophosphate compound detoxifier, but it is also an important constituent of the cellular antioxidant system and has anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic functions. The concentration and activity of PON1 is highly variable among individuals, and these differences can be both of genetic origin and be a subject of epigenetic regulation. Owing to the fact that, in recent decades, the exposure of humans to an increasing number of different xenobiotics has been continuously rising, the issues concerning the role and activity of PON1 shall be reconsidered with particular attention to growing pharmaceuticals intake, dietary habits and environmental awareness. In the following manuscript, the current state of knowledge concerning the influence of certain modifiable and unmodifiable factors, including smoking, alcohol intake, gender, age and genotype variation on PON1 activity, along with pathways through which these could interfere with the enzyme's protective functions, is presented and discussed. Since exposure to certain xenobiotics plays a key role in PON1 activity, the influence of organophosphates, heavy metals and several pharmaceutical agents is also specified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marta Kepinska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Division of Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50–556 Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pene Dumitrescu T, Greene TJ, Joshi SR, Xu J, Johnson M, Halliday F, Butcher L, Zimmerman E, Webster L, Pham TT, Lataillade M, Min S. Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between the HIV-1 maturation inhibitor GSK3640254 and combination oral contraceptives in healthy women. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 88:1704-1712. [PMID: 34427938 PMCID: PMC9291532 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims GSK3640254 is a next‐generation maturation inhibitor likely to be coadministered with combined oral contraceptives in HIV‐positive women. Methods This phase I, open‐label, 1‐way study assessed pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions of GSK3640254 200 mg and ethinyl oestradiol 0.03 mg/levonorgestrel 0.15 mg once daily in healthy female participants who received ethinyl oestradiol/levonorgestrel for 10 days with a moderate‐fat meal after which GSK3640254 was added from Days 11 to 21. Primary endpoints were area under the plasma concentration–time curve to the end of the dosing interval (AUC0‐t), maximum observed concentration (Cmax) and plasma concentration at the end of the dosing interval (Cτ) for ethinyl oestradiol and levonorgestrel. Serum follicle‐stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and progesterone concentrations were determined. Adverse events were monitored. Results Among 23 enrolled participants, 17 completed the study. Geometric least squares mean ratios (with vs. without GSK3640254) of AUC0‐t, Cmax and Cτ were 0.974, 0.970 and 1.050 for ethinyl oestradiol and 1.069, 1.032 and 1.083 for levonorgestrel, respectively. Three participants had elevated progesterone levels, which occurred before GSK3640254 administration in 2 participants. No participants had elevated follicle‐stimulating hormone or luteinizing hormone values. Fourteen participants (61%) reported adverse events. Four participants reported asymptomatic elevated transaminase levels meeting liver‐stopping criteria; of these, 3 events occurred before GSK3640254 administration and led to study withdrawal. Conclusion Ethinyl oestradiol/levonorgestrel plus GSK3640254 coadministration did not affect steady‐state pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of ethinyl oestradiol and levonorgestrel in healthy female participants. No major tolerability findings were reported. Elevated liver transaminase levels were probably due to ethinyl oestradiol/levonorgestrel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mark Johnson
- ViiV Healthcare, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sherene Min
- ViiV Healthcare, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Petrič B, Kunej T, Bavec A. A Multi-Omics Analysis of PON1 Lactonase Activity in Relation to Human Health and Disease. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2020; 25:38-51. [PMID: 33306925 PMCID: PMC8045895 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2020.0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) enzyme has antioxidative properties and is present in mammalian blood and several other body fluids. In blood, PON1 is usually integrated into the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. PON1 is a highly versatile enzyme displaying diverse functions such as arylesterase, lactonase, and paraoxonase, among others. PON1 activities are usually investigated with artificial substrates, for example, dihydrocoumarin and thiobutyl butyrolactone for lactonase activity. The PON1 enzyme activities measured with different substrates tend to be falsely assumed as being equivalent in the literature, although there are poor or weak correlations among the PON1 enzyme activities with different substrates. In addition, and despite our knowledge of the factors influencing PON1 paraoxonase and arylesterase activities, there is little knowledge of PON1 lactonase activity variations and attendant mechanisms. This is important considering further that the lactonase activity is the native activity of PON1. We report here a multi-omics analysis of PON1 lactonase activity. The influence of genetic variations, particularly of single nucleotide polymorphisms and epigenetic, proteomic, and lipidomic variations on PON1 lactonase activity are reviewed. In addition, the influence of various environmental, clinical, and demographic variables on PON1 lactonase activity is discussed. Finally, we examine the associations between PON1 lactonase activity and health states and common complex diseases such as atherosclerosis, dementias, obesity, and diabetes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first multi-omics analysis of PON1 lactonase activity with an eye to future applications in basic life sciences and translational medicine and the nuances of critically interpreting PON1 function with lactones as substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boštjan Petrič
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tanja Kunej
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Animal Science, Domžale, Slovenia
| | - Aljoša Bavec
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhu X, Yang L, He Y, Sun Y, Shi W, Ou C. Liver Function of Male Rats Exposed to Manganese at Different Time Points. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 198:224-230. [PMID: 32100273 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02067-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
As an essential trace element in the human body, manganese (Mn) is involved in many important biochemical reactions. However, excessive exposure to manganese can cause multiple systematic damages to the body. This study aims to investigate the effects of manganese exposure on serum hepatic enzymes in male rats at different time points. After adaptive feeding for 7 days, male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were injected intraperitoneally with 30 mg/kg MnCl2·4H2O once a day for 21 days at zeitgeber time point 2 (ZT2), ZT8, ZT14, and ZT20, respectively. We found that short-term repeated exposure to manganese caused slower body weight gain and increased relative liver and spleen weight index in male rats at different time points. Moreover, serum total bile acid (TBA) increased while aspartate aminotransferase (AST) decreased at ZT2, ZT8, and ZT20. Cholinesterase (ChE) decreased at ZT2 and ZT20, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) decreased at ZT2, ZT14, and ZT20, and acid phosphatase (ACP) decreased at ZT2 and ZT14. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) decreased at ZT2, ZT14, and ZT20, but increased at ZT8. Alanine amino transferase (ALT) decreased at ZT2 and ZT20, but increased at ZT8. There was a negative correlation between relative liver weight index with AST, ACP, ALP, and LDH, while a positive correlation with TBA. However, relative spleen weight index had a positive correlation with relative liver weight index and TBA, while a negative correlation with ALT, AST, ACP, ALP, LDH, and ChE. Our study shows that the injury of liver function is caused by short-term repeated manganese exposure at different time points. The time effect should be considered in manganese toxicity evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonian Zhu
- Department of Health Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, 109 Huancheng North Road 2, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Health Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, 109 Huancheng North Road 2, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghua He
- Department of Health Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, 109 Huancheng North Road 2, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Health Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, 109 Huancheng North Road 2, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxiang Shi
- Department of Health Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, 109 Huancheng North Road 2, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoyan Ou
- Department of Health Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, 109 Huancheng North Road 2, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Coussa A, Hasan HA, Barber TM. Impact of contraception and IVF hormones on metabolic, endocrine, and inflammatory status. J Assist Reprod Genet 2020; 37:1267-1272. [PMID: 32215823 PMCID: PMC7311610 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-020-01756-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) represent commonly utilized management strategies for infertility with multifactorial causes (including genetically predisposed diseases). Amongst ART, in vitro fertilization (IVF) is the most popular. IVF treatment may predispose the mother to increased risks and complications during pregnancy, and there may be adverse fetal outcomes. Hormonal therapies, including oral contraceptives, may impair glucose and lipid metabolism, and promote insulin resistance and inflammation. IVF treatment involves administration of reproductive hormones, similar in composition but in much higher doses than those used for oral contraception. The provision of IVF reproductive hormones to mice associates with glucose intolerance. In addition, the physiological and hormonal changes of pregnancy can trigger an inflammatory response, and metabolic and endocrine changes. There is controversy regarding the potential effects of IVF hormonal therapies in the promotion of diabetogenic and inflammatory states, additional to those that occur during pregnancy, and which may therefore predispose women with IVF-conceived pregnancies to adverse obstetric outcomes compared with women with spontaneously conceived pregnancies. This review summarizes the limited published evidence regarding the effect of IVF-based fertility therapies on glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance, cardio-metabolic profile, and markers of inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayla Coussa
- Division of Biomedical Sciences (T.M.B.), Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University of Warwick, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX UK
| | - Hayder A. Hasan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, University of Sharjah, City University, Muwailih, PO Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Thomas M. Barber
- Division of Biomedical Sciences (T.M.B.), Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University of Warwick, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Effect of time-restricted feeding on metabolic risk and circadian rhythm associated with gut microbiome in healthy males. Br J Nutr 2020; 123:1216-1226. [PMID: 31902372 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519003428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Time-restricted feeding (TRF) confers protection against nutritional challenges that predispose obesity and metabolic risks through involvement of circadian locomotor output cycles protein kaput genes and gut microbiome, but the underlying mechanism is not clearly understood. Therefore, the present study examined the effects of TRF on metabolic markers and circadian rhythm associated with gut microbiota in healthy males. Two groups (TRF, n 56; non-TRF, n 24) of male adults were enrolled. The TRF group provided blood at pre-TRF and post-TRF, while non-TRF one time after 25 d of trial. Serum lipid and liver profiles were determined. Real time-PCR was applied for circadian and inflammatory gene expression. The 16S rRNA genes were sequenced on the Illumina Miseq v3 platform to comprehensively catalogue the composition and abundance of bacteria in stool. We showed that TRF ameliorated the serum lipid and liver profiles of the individuals. In the TRF group, gut microbial richness was significantly enhanced, with enrichment of Prevotellaceae and Bacteroideaceae. TRF enhanced circadian gene expression probably by activation of sirtuin-1, which is positively associated with gut microbiome richness. TRF could be a safe remedy for the prevention of metabolic diseases related to dyslipidaemia, as it regulates circadian rhythm associated with gut microbiome modulation.
Collapse
|
12
|
Ritta MC, Baldez AM, de Oliveira IO, Garcia DN, Souza PS, Andrade KRDS, Valle SC, Pieniz S, Barros CC, Masternak MM, Schneider A. Paraoxonase 1 serum activity in women: the effects of menopause, the C(-107)T polymorphism and food intake. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2019; 63:272-279. [PMID: 31038597 PMCID: PMC10522199 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to investigate changes in serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity in women at the pre and postmenopausal stages and its association with the PON1 C(-107)T polymorphism and food intake profile. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study with female patients aged between 35 and 59 years old was conducted. Women were divided into two groups: premenopausal (n = 40) and postmenopausal (n = 36). Women enrolled in the study had serum PON1, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, glucose and HbA1c, as well as the BMI measured. Additionally, women were genotyped for the PON1 T(-107)C polymorphism and the food intake profile was obtained through interview. RESULTS Glucose (p = 0.03), HbA1c (p = 0.002) and total cholesterol (p = 0.002)concentrations were higher in post than premenopausal women, however PON1 activity was not different (p > 0.05). Carriers of the C allele had higher PON1 activity (CC: 88.9 ± 6.5 U/mL and CT: 79.9 ± 4.7 U/mL) than women of the TT genotype (66.6 ± 5.9 U/mL) (p < 0.05). However, the model predicting PON1 activity was slightly better when genotype, total fat and cholesterol content in the diet were all included. CONCLUSION In sum, we observed that the PON1 C(-107)T genotype was the major regulator of PON1 activity, and menopause had no effect on PON1 activity. The lipid and glycemic profile were altered in postmenopausal women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mauren Castro Ritta
- Universidade Federal de PelotasFaculdade de NutriçãoUniversidade Federal de PelotasPelotasRSBrasilFaculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Aline Marques Baldez
- Universidade Federal de PelotasFaculdade de NutriçãoUniversidade Federal de PelotasPelotasRSBrasilFaculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Isabel Oliveira de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de PelotasInstituto de BiologiaUniversidade Federal de PelotasPelotasRSBrasilInstituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Driele Neske Garcia
- Universidade Federal de PelotasFaculdade de NutriçãoUniversidade Federal de PelotasPelotasRSBrasilFaculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Paola Spiering Souza
- Universidade Federal de PelotasFaculdade de NutriçãoUniversidade Federal de PelotasPelotasRSBrasilFaculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Kelvin Ruan da Silva Andrade
- Universidade Federal de PelotasFaculdade de NutriçãoUniversidade Federal de PelotasPelotasRSBrasilFaculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Sandra Costa Valle
- Universidade Federal de PelotasFaculdade de NutriçãoUniversidade Federal de PelotasPelotasRSBrasilFaculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Simone Pieniz
- Universidade Federal de PelotasFaculdade de NutriçãoUniversidade Federal de PelotasPelotasRSBrasilFaculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Carlos Castilho Barros
- Universidade Federal de PelotasFaculdade de NutriçãoUniversidade Federal de PelotasPelotasRSBrasilFaculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Michal M. Masternak
- University of Central FloridaCollege of MedicineBurnett School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFLUSACollege of Medicine, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
- Department of Head and Neck SurgeryGreater Poland Cancer CentrePoznanPolandDepartment of Head and Neck Surgery, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
| | - Augusto Schneider
- Universidade Federal de PelotasFaculdade de NutriçãoUniversidade Federal de PelotasPelotasRSBrasilFaculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Solmaz Avcıkurt A, Korkut O. Effect of certain non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the paraoxonase 2 (PON2) in human monocytic cell line U937. Arch Physiol Biochem 2018; 124:378-382. [PMID: 29199478 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1411371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The paraoxonase gene family in humans consists of three members as PON1, PON2 and PON3. PON2 can be expressed in several tissues; however, it is not released from the cells in those tissues. PON2 is also expressed in macrophages. Firstly, the commonly used NSAIDs diclofenac sodium and tenoxicam were applied on U937 cell line, the in vitro human monocyte cell line. Than PON2 specific Lactonase activity and paraoxonase family specific arylesterase were determined. Use of Diclofenac sodium in 0.845 mM dose during 6-12 h of incubation and Tenoxicam in 0.74 mM dose during 6 h of incubation resulted in a significant decline in the lactonase activity. Diclofenac sodium didn't make any change in the arylesterase activity. On the other hand, tenoxicam decreased arylesterase activity during the use of 12 h, in 0.74 mM and 1.48 mM dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayla Solmaz Avcıkurt
- a Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine , Balıkesir University , Balikesir , Turkey
| | - Oğuzhan Korkut
- b Department of Medical Pharmacology , Faculty of Medicine, Balıkesir University , Balikesir , Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kowalska K, Ściskalska M, Bizoń A, Śliwińska‐Mossoń M, Milnerowicz H. Influence of oral contraceptives on lipid profile and paraoxonase and commonly hepatic enzymes activities. J Clin Lab Anal 2018; 32:e22194. [PMID: 28276605 PMCID: PMC6817015 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to verify the influence of oral contraceptives (OCs) on lipid profile and the arylesterase, lactonase and phosphotriesterase activities of paraoxonase 1 (PON1). Also commonly hepatic enzymes: aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and γ-glutamyltranspherase (GGT) were measured. METHODS Lipid profile and hepatic enzymes were determined using commercial available reagents. Paraoxonase activities were estimated using earlier published procedures. Blood samples were collected from 120 women of similar age (22.6±1.0 years) with similar BMI (20.71±2.20 kg/m2 ). Participations were divided into two groups: 74 females do not take (group A) and 46 women taking OCs (group B). RESULTS Higher triglycerides and lower low-density lipoproteins levels were observed in group B than in group A) (56.9±19.7 mg/dL. Castelli risk index I was significantly higher in group B when compared to group A (P<.0001), whereas we did not observe any statistically significant differences in Castelli risk index II value between studied groups. In group B, increase in ALT, AST and GGT activities were found, while the de Ritis ratio was lower in group B than in group A. In group B, lower phosphotriesterase activity and higher arylesterase and lactonase activities were found when compared to group A. CONCLUSION Higher ALT, AST and GGT activities in serum as well as changes in lipid profile and PON activities can indicate that OCs usage can cause disorder in these parameters in the serum of women taking OCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kowalska
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental AnalysesUniwersytet Medyczny im Piastow Slaskich we WroclawiuWroclawPoland
| | - Milena Ściskalska
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental AnalysesUniwersytet Medyczny im Piastow Slaskich we WroclawiuWroclawPoland
| | - Anna Bizoń
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental AnalysesUniwersytet Medyczny im Piastow Slaskich we WroclawiuWroclawPoland
| | - Mariola Śliwińska‐Mossoń
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental AnalysesUniwersytet Medyczny im Piastow Slaskich we WroclawiuWroclawPoland
| | - Halina Milnerowicz
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental AnalysesUniwersytet Medyczny im Piastow Slaskich we WroclawiuWroclawPoland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
van Tienhoven-Wind LJN, Gruppen EG, James RW, Bakker SJL, Gans ROB, Dullaart RPF. Serum paraoxonase-1 activity is inversely related to free thyroxine in euthyroid subjects: The PREVEND Cohort Study. Eur J Clin Invest 2018; 48. [PMID: 29171874 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-normal thyroid function within the euthyroid range has been suggested to enhance atherosclerosis susceptibility. Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) may protect against atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease development by attenuating oxidative stress. We evaluated relationships of PON-1 with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free T4 , free T3 , lipids and apolipoprotein (apo)A-I in euthyroid subjects, and assessed whether such relationships are modified in the context of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum PON-1 activity (arylesterase activity), TSH, free T4 , free T3 , lipids and apoA-I was measured in 2206 euthyroid subjects (aged 28-75 years; 1138 men (age 49 ± 13 years) and 1068 women (age 46 ± 12 years), recruited from the general population (PREVEND cohort). RESULTS In age- and sex-adjusted analysis, PON-1 activity (divided into tertiles) was positively related to TSH (β = -0.045, P = .036) and inversely to free T4 (β = -0.042, P = .050) but not to free T3 (β = -0.027, P = .20). PON-1 activity was positively related to total cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as to HDL cholesterol and apoA-I (P < .01 to <.001). The inverse relationship of PON-1 activity with free T4 remained present after adjustment for lipids and other potential confounders (β = -0.066, P = .002), but the positive relationship with TSH lost significance (β = 0.034, P = .11). The inverse relationship of PON-1 activity with free T4 was not different in subjects with vs without MetS (P = .94), nor modified by the presence of its individual components (P ≥ .22 for each). CONCLUSIONS Serum PON-1 activity is inversely associated with free T4 in euthyroid subjects, suggesting that low-normal thyroid function may affect PON-1 regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynnda J N van Tienhoven-Wind
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Eke G Gruppen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Richard W James
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rijk O B Gans
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Robin P F Dullaart
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|