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The Potential Role of R4 Regulators of G Protein Signaling (RGS) Proteins in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233897. [PMID: 36497154 PMCID: PMC9739376 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex and heterogeneous disease that primarily results from impaired insulin secretion or insulin resistance (IR). G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are proposed as therapeutic targets for T2DM. GPCRs transduce signals via the Gα protein, playing an integral role in insulin secretion and IR. The regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) family proteins can bind to Gα proteins and function as GTPase-activating proteins (GAP) to accelerate GTP hydrolysis, thereby terminating Gα protein signaling. Thus, RGS proteins determine the size and duration of cellular responses to GPCR stimulation. RGSs are becoming popular targeting sites for modulating the signaling of GPCRs and related diseases. The R4 subfamily is the largest RGS family. This review will summarize the research progress on the mechanisms of R4 RGS subfamily proteins in insulin secretion and insulin resistance and analyze their potential value in the treatment of T2DM.
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Wang Q, Jiang Y, Du M, Yang L, Yuan Q. Association of functional genetic variants in TFF1 and nephrolithiasis risk in a Chinese population. BMC Urol 2022; 22:127. [PMID: 35987613 PMCID: PMC9392923 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-022-01081-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Trefoil Factor 1 (TFF1) is considered to be able to inhibit the formation of kidney stone. However, genetic variants in TFF1 and corresponding function in kidney stone development are still not well studied. In this study, the discovery set including 230 cases and 250 controls was used to analyze the association between seven tagSNPs of TFF1 gene and the nephrolithiasis risk. Further evaluation was confirmed by the validation set comprising 307 cases and 461 controls. The consequences of the two-stage case–control study indicated that individuals with the rs3761376 A allele have significantly increased nephrolithiasis risk than those with the GG genotypes [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.05–1.73]. Moreover, we also carried out a stratified analysis and found the increased nephrolithiasis risks at A allele among males, overweight individuals, no hypertensive individuals, nondiabetic individuals, smokers, and drinkers. In the following functional experiments, the notably lower expression of TFF1 was exhibited by the vectors carrying A allele compared with those carrying G allele in both luciferase (P = 0.022) and expression vectors (P = 0.041). In addition to tissue detection, we confirmed a significant inverse association of rs3761376 G > A and TFF1 gene expression (P < 0.001). These results suggest that TFF1 rs3761376 may serve as a potential biomarker to predict the risk of nephrolithiasis.
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Laster ML, Rowan B, Chen HC, Schwantes-An TH, Sheng X, Friedman PA, Ikizler TA, Sinshiemer JS, Ix JH, Susztak K, de Boer IH, Kestenbaum B, Hung A, Moe SM, Perwad F, Robinson-Cohen C. Genetic Variants Associated With Mineral Metabolism Traits in Chronic Kidney Disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e3866-e3876. [PMID: 35587600 PMCID: PMC9387704 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Chronic kidney disease (CKD) causes multiple interrelated disturbances in mineral metabolism. Genetic studies in the general population have identified common genetic variants associated with circulating phosphate, calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). OBJECTIVE In this study we aimed to discover genetic variants associated with circulating mineral markers in CKD. METHODS We conducted candidate single-nucleotide variation (SNV) analysis in 3027 participants in the multiethnic Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) to determine the associations between SNVs and circulating levels of mineral markers. RESULTS SNVs adjacent to or within genes encoding the regulator of G protein-coupled signaling 14 (RGS14) and the calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) were associated with levels of mineral metabolites. The strongest associations (P < .001) were at rs4074995 (RGS14) for phosphate (0.09 mg/dL lower per minor allele) and FGF23 (8.6% lower), and at rs1801725 (CASR) for calcium (0.12 mg/dL higher). In addition, the prevalence of hyperparathyroidism differed by rs4074995 (RGS14) genotype (chi-square P < .0001). Differential inheritance by race was noted for the minor allele of RGS14. Expression quantitative loci (eQTL) analysis showed that rs4074995 was associated with lower RGS14 gene expression in glomeruli (P = 1.03 × 10-11) and tubules (P = 4.0 × 10-4). CONCLUSION We evaluated genetic variants associated with mineral metabolism markers in a CKD population. Participants with CKD and the minor allele of rs4074995 (RGS14) had lower phosphorus, lower plasma FGF23, and lower prevalence of hyperparathyroidism. The minor allele of RGS14 was also associated with lower gene expression in the kidney. Further studies are needed to elucidate the effect of rs4074995 on the pathogenesis of disordered mineral metabolism in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marciana L Laster
- Correspondence: Marciana L. Laster, MD, UCLA Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, 10833 Le Conte Ave, MDCC A2-383, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1752, USA.
| | - Bryce Rowan
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Hua-Chang Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Tae-Hwi Schwantes-An
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Xin Sheng
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Peter A Friedman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - T Alp Ikizler
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt O’Brien Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Janet S Sinshiemer
- Department of Human Genetics and Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095-1752, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California 90095-1752, USA
| | - Joachim H Ix
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California 92161, USA
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Ian H de Boer
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-6420, USA
| | - Bryan Kestenbaum
- Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-6420, USA
| | - Adriana Hung
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sharon M Moe
- Clinical Translational Sciences Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
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RGS14 Regulation of Post-Synaptic Signaling and Spine Plasticity in Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136823. [PMID: 34201943 PMCID: PMC8268017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulator of G-protein signaling 14 (RGS14) is a multifunctional signaling protein that regulates post synaptic plasticity in neurons. RGS14 is expressed in the brain regions essential for learning, memory, emotion, and stimulus-induced behaviors, including the basal ganglia, limbic system, and cortex. Behaviorally, RGS14 regulates spatial and object memory, female-specific responses to cued fear conditioning, and environmental- and psychostimulant-induced locomotion. At the cellular level, RGS14 acts as a scaffolding protein that integrates G protein, Ras/ERK, and calcium/calmodulin signaling pathways essential for spine plasticity and cell signaling, allowing RGS14 to naturally suppress long-term potentiation (LTP) and structural plasticity in hippocampal area CA2 pyramidal cells. Recent proteomics findings indicate that RGS14 also engages the actomyosin system in the brain, perhaps to impact spine morphogenesis. Of note, RGS14 is also a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein, where its role in the nucleus remains uncertain. Balanced nuclear import/export and dendritic spine localization are likely essential for RGS14 neuronal functions as a regulator of synaptic plasticity. Supporting this idea, human genetic variants disrupting RGS14 localization also disrupt RGS14’s effects on plasticity. This review will focus on the known and unexplored roles of RGS14 in cell signaling, physiology, disease and behavior.
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Guan F, Han W, Ni T, Zhao L, Li X, Zhang B, Zhang T. Genetic Polymorphisms of RGS14 and Renal Stone Disease. Arch Med Res 2020; 52:332-338. [PMID: 33309307 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal stone disease (RSD) is a common disease of the human urinary system and is regarded as a multifactorial condition affected by environmental and genetic factors. RGS14 encodes a complex scaffolding protein, known as regulator of G protein signaling 14, which is enriched in hippocampal area CA2 dendritic spines. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to investigate the association between genetic polymorphisms in RGS14 and the risk of RSD based on a large sample of the Chinese Han population. METHODS A total of 1,436 subjects, comprising 506 patients with RSD and 920 controls, were enrolled in the study. Ten tag SNPs located in the RGS14 gene region were chosen for genotyping. Genetic associations were evaluated at both the single marker and haplotype levels. Genotypic (χ2 test) and allelic analyses (Cochran-Armitage test for trend) were performed for single marker-based association. Two bioinformatics tools, RegulomeDB and GTEx, were used to examine the functional consequences of the target SNP. RESULTS SNP rs11746443 was found to be significantly associated with disease status (χ2 = 12.60, p = 0.0018). Moreover, the A allele of this SNP was significantly associated with an increased risk of RSD (OR [95%CI] = 1.36 [1.13-1.65]). Multiple significant eQTL signals of rs11746443 on RGS14 were identified. CONCLUSIONS This study replicated the association signal of RGS14 with RSD in a large sample of the Chinese Han population. The results suggest that the SNP rs11746443 of RGS14 might increase the risk of RSD by regulating the Ca2+ levels in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanglin Guan
- College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Han
- College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Tong Ni
- College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Longrui Zhao
- College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Emergency, Shaanxi People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianxiao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.
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Chen WC, Chou WH, Chu HW, Huang CC, Liu X, Chang WP, Chou YH, Chang WC. The rs1256328 (ALPL) and rs12654812 (RGS14) Polymorphisms are Associated with Susceptibility to Calcium Nephrolithiasis in a Taiwanese population. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17296. [PMID: 31754202 PMCID: PMC6872875 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53261-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephrolithiasis is a common disease affecting almost all populations, with an increasing prevalence over the past decades. Previous studies revealed several functional polymorphisms associated with the pathogenesis of nephrolithiasis. However, data on Asian populations are limited. In this study, three candidate polymorphisms were selected from previous studies to investigate the correlations with nephrolithiasis in a Taiwanese population. In total, 454 nephrolithiasis patients were recruited from Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, with SNP frequency for 1513 subjects of general population from the Taiwan Biobank (TWB) as a genotypic reference. Results revealed that subjects with minor TT genotype at rs1256328 (alkaline phosphatase, liver/bone/kidney (ALPL)) have higher susceptibility to nephrolithiasis (odds ratio (OR) = 2.03, p = 0.0013). In addition, subjects carrying the minor AA genotype at rs12654812 (regulator of G protein signaling 14 (RGS14)) have higher susceptibility to nephrolithiasis (OR = 1.91, p = 0.0017). Among nephrolithiasis patients, subjects with GG at rs7627468 (calcium-sensing receptor (CASR)) have lower pH level in urine (p = 0.0088). Importantly, rs7627468 is associated with the expressions of IQCB1 and EAF2. rs12654812 could influence the expression of RGS14 itself, MXD3, and FGFR4. In summary, this study successfully validated the genetic roles of rs1256328 and rs12654812 in human nephrolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chiao Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Hsuan Chou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hou-Wei Chu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology/Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Wei-Pin Chang
- School of Health Care Administration, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yii-Her Chou
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Chiao Chang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Master Program for Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Integrative Research Center for Critical Care, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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Long J, Chen Y, Lin H, Liao M, Li T, Tong L, Wei S, Xian X, Zhu J, Chen J, Tian J, Wang Q, Mo Z. Significant association between RGS14 rs12654812 and nephrolithiasis risk among Guangxi population in China. J Clin Lab Anal 2018; 32:e22435. [PMID: 29577426 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nephrolithiasis is a worldwide health problem that affects almost all populations. This study aimed to evaluate the association between rs12654812 of regulator of G protein signaling 14 (RGS14) gene and nephrolithiasis in the Chinese population. METHODS A total of 1541 participators including 830 cases and 711 controls were included from Guangxi area in China. Age, sex, BMI, smoking status, drinking status, creatinine, uric acid, and urea nitrogen were analyzed between the case group and control group. RESULTS We found that the G/A+A/A genotypes of rs12654812 had a significantly increased nephrolithiasis risk after adjusting age, sex, BMI, smoking, drinking, and hypertension, compared with G/G genotype (OR = 1.361, 95% CI = 1.033-1.794, P = .029). This hazardous effect was more pronounced in subgroup of age < 50, ever smoking, ever drinking, creatinine normal, and high uric acid. The G/A genotype of rs12654812 also had a significantly increased nephrolithiasis risk compared with G/G genotype. The A allele of rs12654812 significantly increased the risk of nephrolithiasis compared with the G allele after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, smoking, drinking and hypertension (OR = 1.277, 95% CI = 1.013-1.609, P = .038). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the RGS14 polymorphism is involved in the etiology of nephrolithiasis and thus may be a genetic marker for nephrolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Long
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Haisong Lin
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ming Liao
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lei Tong
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Suchun Wei
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoying Xian
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jia Zhu
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiarong Tian
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiuyan Wang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zengnan Mo
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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