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Cai F, Shou X, Ye Q. Epidemiological Study on Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae Infection of Hospitalized Children in a Single Center During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:843463. [PMID: 35386684 PMCID: PMC8977740 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.843463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since the outbreak of COVID-19, a series of preventive and control measures in China have been used to effectively curb the spread of COVID-19. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) and Chlamydia pneumoniae (CP) in hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infection during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods MP IgM antibody and CP IgM antibody were detected in all hospitalized children due to acute respiratory tract infection in the Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University from January 2019 to December 2020. These data were compared between 2019 and 2020 based on age and month. Results The overall detection rate of MP and CP in 2020 was significantly lower than that in 2019 (MP: 21.5% vs 32.9%, P<0.001; CP: 0.3% vs 0.9%, P<0.001). This study found a 4-fold reduction in the number of children positive for MP and a 7.5-fold reduction in the number of children positive for CP from 2019 to 2020. The positive cases were concentrated in children aged >1 year old. In 2019, the positive rate of MP was detected more commonly in children 3 years of age or older than in younger children. In 2020, the higher positive rate of MP reached a peak in the 3- to 6-year age group (35.3%). CP was detected predominantly in children aged 6 years older in 2019 and 2020, with positive rates of 4.8% and 2.6%, respectively. Meanwhile, the positive rates of MP in 2019 were detected more commonly in July, August and September, with 47.2%, 46.7% and 46.3%, respectively. Nevertheless, the positive rates of MP from February to December 2020 apparently decreased compared to those in 2019. The positive rates of CP were evenly distributed throughout the year, with 0.5%-1.6% in 2019 and 0.0%-2.1% in 2020. Conclusions A series of preventive and control measures for SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic can not only contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2 but also sharply improve the infection of other atypical pathogens, including MP and CP.
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Feng C, Xu M, Kang J, Wen F, Chen Y, Zhang J, Xiao W, Zhang Z, Yang L, Huo J, Cao J, Zhao L, Xia S, Yin Y, Wang W. Atypical Pathogen Distribution in Chinese Hospitalized AECOPD Patients: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2021; 16:1699-1708. [PMID: 34135581 PMCID: PMC8200156 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s300779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The proportion of atypical pathogens in patient with AECOPD within mainland China is unknown. The objectives of this study were to determine the distribution of atypical pathogens among Chinese patients with AECOPD, to evaluate the clinical characteristics of different atypical pathogen infections, and to compare different detection methods for atypical pathogens. Patients and Methods Specimens were collected from patients with AECOPD from March 2016 to November 2018 at eleven medical institutions in eight cities in China. Double serum, sputum, and urine samples were obtained from 145 patients. Serological and nucleic acid tests were used to assess for Mycoplasma pneumonia and Chlamydia pneumoniae; serological, urinary antigen, and nucleic acid tests were applied to detect Legionella pneumophila. The clinical characteristics of atypical pathogen-positive and -negative groups were also compared. Results The overall positivity rate for Mycoplasma pneumoniae was 20.69% (30/145), with the highest rate being 20.00% (29/145) when determined by passive agglutination.The overall positive rates for Chlamydia pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila were 29.66% (43/145) and 10.34% (15/145), respectively. The most common serotype of Legionella pneumophila was type 6. The maximum hospitalized body temperature, ratio of eosinophils, C-reactive protein (CRP) level, and procalcitonin (PCT) level of the Mycoplasma pneumoniae-positive group were significantly higher than those of the Mycoplasma pneumoniae-negative group. Patients in the Chlamydia pneumoniae-positive group smoked more, had higher proportions of comorbidities and frequent aggravations in the previous two years than those in the Chlamydia pneumoniae-negative group. Furthermore, the forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) ratio assessment of lung function was higher, and the concentration of arterial blood bicarbonate (HCO3 -) was lower in the Legionella pneumophila-positive group than in the Legionella pneumophila-negative group. Conclusion Overall, atypical pathogens play an important role in AECOPD. Regarding the testing method, serological testing is a superior method to nucleic acid testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenye Feng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingtao Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Kang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuqiang Wen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Division of Pulmonary Disease, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahong Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University, Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghe Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaonign, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Huo
- Department of Respiratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Cao
- Respiratory Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyue Xia
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated with Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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Gao CH, Ji BJ, Han C, Wang MS. Comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with indirect immunofluorescence assay for the diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. J Clin Lab Anal 2018; 33:e22677. [PMID: 30221425 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to compare enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) in the diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. METHODS From March 2016 to May 2017, 180 patients suspected with M. pneumoniae infection were enrolled. The SeroMP kit using ELISA and PNEUMOSLIDE kit using IFA were performed in parallel to detect the IgM antibodies against M. pneumoniae. Cohen's kappa statistics were used to assess the agreement between the ELISA and IFA assays, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate risk factors for the discordance between the ELISA and IFA assays. RESULTS The mean age of the enrolled subjects was 46.6 ± 21.1 years. For detection of M. pneumoniae infection, the positivities of the ELISA and IFA assays were 15.6% (95% CI: 11.0%, 21.6%) and 10.0% (95% CI: 6.4%, 15.3%), respectively. The total positivity was 19.4% (95% CI: 14.3%, 25.8%). The agreement between the ELISA and IFA assays was low (κ = 0.117, P < 0.001). Variables associated with discordant results between ELISA and IFA assays in multivariate analysis were as follows: male (OR: 0.366; 95% CI: 0.149, 0.899; P < 0.05), age (>33 years old; OR: 0.313; 95% CI: 0.129, 0.758; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In detection of M. pneumoniae infection, low agreement was found in IgM assays between the ELISA and IFA methods, female and younger age were significant risk factors for the discordance. A combination of ELISA and IFA tests would be recommended, in order to detect more patients suspected of M. pneumoniae infection in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hai Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Bao-Ju Ji
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Chao Han
- Department of Geriatrics, Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, China
| | - Mao-Shui Wang
- Department of Lab Medicine, Shandong Provincial Chest Hospital, Jinan, China
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