Long non-coding RNA KDM5B anti-sense RNA 1 enhances tumor progression in non-small cell lung cancer

Prostate cancer-associated transcript 6 (PCAT6) promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stemness and worsens prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer

Approximately 20% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients are first diagnosed with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) because they develop symptoms at an advanced stage. Despite advancements in treatment, patients with metastatic disease still experience inferior survival rates. Our objective is to investigate the association between long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and prognosis and to explore their role in mCRC. In this study, we find that elevated expression of PCAT6 is independently linked to unfavourable survival outcomes in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data, and this finding is further confirmed in CRC samples obtained from Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center. Cell lines and xenograft mouse models are used to examine the impact of PCAT6 on tumor metastasis. Knockdown of PCAT6 is observed to impede the metastatic phenotype of CRC, as evidenced by functional assays, demonstrating the suppression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness. Our findings show the significance of PCAT6 in mCRC and its potential use as a prognostic biomarker.

PCAT6 May Be a Whistler and Checkpoint Target for Precision Therapy in Human Cancers

Simple Summary

Prostate cancer-associated transcript 6 (PCAT6), as a newly discovered carcinogenic long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), is abnormally expressed in multiple diseases. With the accumulation of studies on PCAT6, we have a deeper understanding of its biological functions and mechanisms. Therefore, in this review, the various molecular mechanisms by which PCAT6 promotes multiple tumorigenesis and progression are summarized and discussed. Furthermore, its potential diagnostic, prognostic, and immunotherapeutic values are also clarified.

Abstract

LncRNAs are involved in the occurrence and progressions of multiple cancers. Emerging evidence has shown that PCAT6, a newly discovered carcinogenic lncRNA, is abnormally elevated in various human malignant tumors. Until now, PCAT6 has been found to sponge various miRNAs to activate the signaling pathways, which further affects tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, cycle, apoptosis, radioresistance, and chemoresistance. Moreover, PCAT6 has been shown to exert biological functions beyond ceRNAs. In this review, we summarize the biological characteristics of PCAT6 in a variety of human malignancies and describe the biological mechanisms by which PCAT6 can facilitate tumor progression. Finally, we discuss its diagnostic and prognostic values and clinical applications in various human malignancies.

Long non‑coding RNA SNHG3 promotes the development of non‑small cell lung cancer via the miR‑1343‑3p/NFIX pathway

The aim of the present study was to identify the function of long non‑coding RNA (lncRNA) small nucleolar RNA host gene 3 (SNHG3) and examine its effects on non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A series of in vitro experiments were employed to evaluate the effects of SNHG3 on the progression of NSCLC, including Cell Counting Kit‑8, 5‑Ethynyl‑2'‑deoxyuridine, flow cytometry, wound healing, Transwell, western blotting and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR assays. Bioinformatics analyses and a luciferase reporter assay were performed to identify the target gene of SNHG3 and microRNA (miR)‑1343‑3p. Finally, recuse experiments were conducted to verify the effect of SNHG3 and its target gene on proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion. The findings indicated that lncRNA SNHG3 was highly expressed in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of lncRNA SNHG3 inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and accelerated cell apoptosis in NSCLC cell lines. The results of the bioinformatics analysis and the luciferase reporter assay indicated that lncRNA SNHG3 directly bound to miR‑1343‑3p and that it could downregulate the expression levels of miR‑1343‑3p to promote the progression of NSCLC. Rescue experiments indicated that lncRNA SNHG3 increased nuclear factor IX (NFIX) expression by sequestering miR‑1343‑3p in NSCLC. These results suggested that the SNHG3/miR‑1343‑3p/NFIX axis may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for NSCLC.

Circular RNA circ-LDLRAD3 serves as an oncogene to promote non-small cell lung cancer progression by upregulating SLC1A5 through sponging miR-137

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are closely associated with the development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, it is still unclear whether circular RNA circ-LDLRAD3 participated in the regulation of NSCLC progression. In this study, we found that circ-LDLRAD3 was high-expressed and miR-137 was low-expressed in NSCLC tissues and cells compared to their normal counterparts, which showed negative correlations in NSCLC tissues. Further experiments validated that miR-137 could be sponged and inhibited by circ-LDLRAD3 in NSCLC cells. In addition, knock-down of circ-LDLRAD3 and miR-137 overexpression promoted NSCLC cell apoptosis, and inhibited cell proliferation and invasion. Similarly, upregulation of circ-LDLRAD3 or miR-137 ablation had opposite effects on the above cell functions. Besides, the glutamine transporter SLC1A5 was validated to be the downstream target of circ-LDLRAD3 and miR-137, and upregulated circ-LDLRAD3 increased SLC1A5 expression levels by downregulating miR-137. Furthermore, the effects of downregulated circ-LDLRAD3 on cell proliferation, apoptosis and mobility were all reversed by knocking down miR-137 and overexpressing SLC1A5. Taken together, this in vitro study found that knock-down of circ-LDLRAD3 inhibited the development of NSCLC by regulating miR-137/SLC1A5 axis.

Long noncoding RNAs in osteosarcoma via various signaling pathways

Osteosarcoma is one of the most commonly seen bone malignancies with high incidence rate in both children and adults. Although the regulatory network of osteosarcoma has been greatly concerned for years, the mechanisms regarding its oncogenesis and development are still not clear. Recent discoveries have revealed that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a crucial role in the development, progression, and invasion of osteosarcoma. Deregulated expression of lncRNAs has been found to participate in the regulation of various signaling transduction pathways in osteosarcoma. This review summarized roles of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis, development, and potential therapeutic of osteosarcoma via different signaling pathways. For examples, MALAT1, CCAT2, FER1L4, LOXL1‐AS1, OIP5‐AS1, PVT1, DBH‐AS1, and AWPPH regulate PI3K/Akt signaling; AWPPH and BE503655 regulate Wnt/β‐catenin signaling; NKILA and XIST regulate NF‐κB signaling; MEG3 and SNHG12 regulate Notch signaling; FOXD2‐AS1 and LINK‐A regulate HIF‐1α signaling; GClnc1 and HOTAIR regulate P53 signaling; ZFAS1, H19, and MALAT1 regulate MAPK, Hedgehog and Rac1/JNK signaling, respectively.

CircRNA_103762 promotes multidrug resistance in NSCLC by targeting DNA damage inducible transcript 3 (CHOP)

BACKGROUND

CircRNAs have been found to play crucial roles in multiple tumor including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we researched the correlation between circRNA_103762 and chemotherapy resistance.

METHODS

RT-PCR assay was performed to detect circRNA_103762 and DNA damage inducible transcript 3 (CHOP) expression. CCK8 assay was performed to examine cell proliferation and IC₅₀ of different drug. Migration and invasion assay was used to detect cell migration and invasion.

RESULTS

In our study, circRNA_103762 expression was upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cell. Knockdown of circRNA_103762 can inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion in NSCLC. In addition, downregulation of circRNA_103762 promoted CHOP expression and inhibited multidrug resistance (MDR) in NSCLC.

CONCLUSION

Together, we demonstrated that circRNA_103762 is upregulated in NSCLC and functions as an oncogene in NSCLC, and circRNA_103762 enhanced MDR by inhibited CHOP expression in NSCLC cells. These results will help us understand the MDR of NSCLC, providing better effective therapy strategies for patients.

Circular RNA SMARCA5 may serve as a tumor suppressor in non-small cell lung cancer

BACKGROUND

This study aimed to investigate the correlation of circular RNA SMARCA5 (circ-SMARCA5) expression with clinicopathological characteristics and survival profiles, furthermore, to explore the function of circ-SMARCA5 on regulating cell proliferation and chemotherapy sensitivity in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

METHODS

A total of 460 NSCLC patients were retrospectively reviewed, and circ-SMARCA5 expressions in tumor tissue and adjacent tissue were detected by RT-qPCR. Clinical characteristics were collected. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated. In vitro, circ-SMARCA5 overexpression and control overexpression plasmids were transfected into NCI-H1437 as well as NCI-H1299 cells, which were further treated with different concentrations of cisplatin and gemcitabine.

RESULTS

Circ-SMARCA5 expression was decreased in tumor tissues compared to adjacent tissues. Moreover, circ-SMARCA5 expression negatively correlated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage, but positively correlated with DFS and OS. Subsequent analysis displayed that circ-SMARCA5 high expression independently predicted prolonged DFS and OS. In vitro, circ-SMARCA5 expression was reduced in NSCLC cell lines (NCI-H650, NCI-H1299, NCI-H1437, and A549) compared to human normal lung bronchus epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B). In NCI-H1437 and NCI-H1299 cells, cell proliferation was decreased by circ-SMARCA5 overexpression, furthermore, chemosensitivity to cisplatin and gemcitabine were enhanced in circ-SMARCA5 overexpression treated cells compared to the control cells.

CONCLUSION

Circ-SMARCA5 may serve as a tumor suppressor in NSCLC, which provides insight to the exploration of novel strategies in NSCLC management.

Long non-coding RNA KDM5B anti-sense RNA 1 enhances tumor progression in non-small cell lung cancer

BACKGROUND

The long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown as a novel class of transcripts with no protein coding functions. LncRNAs can play diverse roles in cancer cell proliferation, differentiation, metastasis, and apoptosis. However, the exact contributions of lncRNA KDM5B anti-sense RNA 1 (KDM5BAS1) to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain poorly understood.

METHODS

In current study, we have unraveled a novel function of KDM5BAS1 in NSCLC.

RESULTS

We found that KDM5BAS1 was significantly overexpressed in tumor specimens and selected cancerous cell lines. Meanwhile, higher KDM5BAS1 expression predicted poor overall survival. Increased KDM5BAS1 expression can promote proliferation or migration and inhibit apoptosis in H1838 and H1299 cells. Furthermore, knocking down of KDM5BAS1 levels can also reduce tumor growth in in vivo implantation experiments. Overexpression of KDM5BAS1 also decreased the caspase-3 immunostaining but enhanced Ki-67 staining.

CONCLUSION

Taken together, our findings indicated that KDM5BAS1 might play an oncogenic role in NSCLC and provided clues into pharmacological intervention targeting KDM5BAS1.