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Yu JE, Yeo IJ, Han SB, Yun J, Kim B, Yong YJ, Lim YS, Kim TH, Son DJ, Hong JT. Significance of chitinase-3-like protein 1 in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases and cancer. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:1-18. [PMID: 38177294 PMCID: PMC10834487 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01131-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) is a secreted glycoprotein that mediates inflammation, macrophage polarization, apoptosis, and carcinogenesis. The expression of CHI3L1 is strongly upregulated by various inflammatory and immunological diseases, including several cancers, Alzheimer's disease, and atherosclerosis. Several studies have shown that CHI3L1 can be considered as a marker of disease diagnosis, prognosis, disease activity, and severity. In addition, the proinflammatory action of CHI3L1 may be mediated via responses to various proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and interferon-γ. Therefore, CHI3L1 may contribute to a vast array of inflammatory diseases. However, its pathophysiological and pharmacological roles in the development of inflammatory diseases remain unclear. In this article, we review recent findings regarding the roles of CHI3L1 in the development of inflammatory diseases and suggest therapeutic approaches that target CHI3L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Yu
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - In Jun Yeo
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesuk Yun
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongcheol Kim
- Senelix Co. Ltd., 25, Beobwon-ro 11-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05836, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ji Yong
- PRESTI GEBIOLOGICS Co. Ltd., Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28161, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Soo Lim
- PRESTI GEBIOLOGICS Co. Ltd., Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28161, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hun Kim
- Autotelic Bio Inc., Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ju Son
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea.
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Zhao H, Huang M, Jiang L. Potential Roles and Future Perspectives of Chitinase 3-like 1 in Macrophage Polarization and the Development of Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16149. [PMID: 38003338 PMCID: PMC10671302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1), a chitinase-like protein family member, is a secreted glycoprotein that mediates macrophage polarization, inflammation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and carcinogenesis. Abnormal CHI3L1 expression has been associated with multiple metabolic and neurological disorders, including diabetes, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. Aberrant CHI3L1 expression is also reportedly associated with tumor migration and metastasis, as well as contributions to immune escape, playing important roles in tumor progression. However, the physiological and pathophysiological roles of CHI3L1 in the development of metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases and cancer remain unclear. Understanding the polarization relationship between CHI3L1 and macrophages is crucial for disease progression. Recent research has uncovered the complex mechanisms of CHI3L1 in different diseases, highlighting its close association with macrophage functional polarization. In this article, we review recent findings regarding the various disease types and summarize the relationship between macrophages and CHI3L1. Furthermore, this article also provides a brief overview of the various mechanisms and inhibitors employed to inhibit CHI3L1 and disrupt its interaction with receptors. These endeavors highlight the pivotal roles of CHI3L1 and suggest therapeutic approaches targeting CHI3L1 in the development of metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mingdong Huang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China;
| | - Longguang Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China;
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Ma Z, Wang G, Hu L. lncRNA EGFEM1P Drives the Progression of Papillary Thyroid Cancer by Regulating miR-6867-5p/CHI3L1 Axis. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 2023; 33:29-41. [PMID: 37522543 DOI: 10.1615/critreveukaryotgeneexpr.2023047995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), a subgroup of noncoding RNA with > 200 nt, plays critical roles in cancer progression. Here, we aimed to explore the detailed biological function of lncRNA EGFEM1P during papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) progression. RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to analyze the expression of lncRNA EGFEM1P, miR-6867-5p, and CHI3L1. CCK8, colony formation, and Transwell migration assays were undertaken to assess PTC cell proliferation and migration. A xenograft tumor mouse model was also used to establish tumor growth in vivo. Luciferase reporter and anti-AGO2 RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays were used to clarify the interplay between miR-6867-5p and lncRNA EGFEM1P or CHI3L1. We found lncRNA EGFEM1P and CHI3L1 to be highly expressed in PTC tissues and cells, while miR-6867-5p expression decreases. Functionally, lncRNA EGFEM1P silence delays PTC cell proliferation and migration, and impairs tumorigenesis in vivo. LncRNA EGFEM1P targets miR-6867-5p, and CHI3L1 is a target gene of miR-6867-5p. LncRNA EGFEM1P silence decreases the pro-proliferation and pro-migration caused by the miR-6867-5p inhibitor in PTC cells, and CHI3L1 silence abrogates the pro-tumorigenic action resulting from the miR-6867-5p inhibitor in PTC cells. Our data showed that lncRNA EGFEM1P targeting of the miR-6867-5p/CHI3L1 axis drives PTC progression, suggesting lncRNA EGFEM1P as a therapeutically target for PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanwu Ma
- Department of Medical Clinical Laboratory, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Guoxian Wang
- Department of Radiology, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Lin Hu
- Department of Medical Clinical Laboratory, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
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CHI3L1 predicted in malignant entities is associated with glioblastoma immune microenvironment. Clin Immunol 2022; 245:109158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Li F, Li L, Wang C, Wang H, Chen Y, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Wang W. Differential expression of Chitinase 3-Like 1 protein in appendicitis and appendix carcinomas. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24790. [PMID: 36447423 PMCID: PMC9756995 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chitinase 3-Like 1 (CHI3L1) has been used as an inflammatory biomarker for a variety of diseases, but its expression in acute appendicitis and appendix carcinomas remains unclear. METHODS Sixty cases of patients were studied, including 46 acute appendicitis and 14 appendix carcinomas. We divided the acute appendicitis group into acute uncomplicated appendicitis (AUA), suppurative appendicitis (SA), and gangrenous appendicitis (GA). The appendix carcinoma group was divided into appendiceal neuroendocrine neoplasms (ANENs) and appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (AMN). Controls were 32 healthy donors. Blood neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), CHI3L1, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and serum amyloid A (SAA) were measured in the patients. Meanwhile, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to identify the expression level and location of CHI3L1 in different cell types in appendix tissues. RESULTS Compared with the controls, CHI3L1 serum levels were up-regulated in SA, GA, and AMN groups, while no significant difference was observed in the AUA and ANEN groups. Immunofluorescence revealed that CHI3L1 expression was high in macrophages and adenocarcinoma cells of appendix tissues but not in the neuroendocrine carcinoma tissues. Moreover, levels of NLR and CRP in the SA and GA groups were considerably higher than in the control group. IL-6 and SAA in SA, GA, ANENs, and AMN groups were also increased compared with the control group. In addition, CHI3L1 displayed good performance in predicting appendicitis, with an AUC of 0.862. CONCLUSION CHI3L1 was highly expressed in acute appendicitis and appendiceal mucinous neoplasms, which can be used as a novel biomarker predicting appendicitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of General SurgeryThe Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao UniversityTaianChina
| | - Yanping Li
- Anesthesiology DepartmentThe Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao UniversityTaianChina
| | - Fei Li
- Center for Clinical LaboratoryThe Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao UniversityTaianChina
| | - Lingxing Li
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineThe Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao UniversityTaianChina
| | - Chaoqun Wang
- Center for Clinical LaboratoryThe Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao UniversityTaianChina
| | - Han Wang
- Medical Image CenterThe Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao UniversityTaianChina
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Minimally invasive oncologyThe Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao UniversityTaianChina
| | - Chunling Zhang
- Department of GynecologyThe Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao UniversityTaianChina
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineThe Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao UniversityTaianChina
| | - Wenyang Wang
- Center for Clinical LaboratoryThe Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao UniversityTaianChina
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De Robertis M, Greco MR, Cardone RA, Mazza T, Marzano F, Mehterov N, Kazakova M, Belev N, Tullo A, Pesole G, Sarafian V, Signori E. Upregulation of YKL-40 Promotes Metastatic Phenotype and Correlates with Poor Prognosis and Therapy Response in Patients with Colorectal Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223568. [PMID: 36428997 PMCID: PMC9688424 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
YKL-40 is a heparin- and chitin-binding glycoprotein that belongs to the family of glycosyl hydrolases but lacks enzymatic properties. It affects different (patho)physiological processes, including cancer. In different tumors, YKL-40 gene overexpression has been linked to higher cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and vasculogenic mimicry, migration, and invasion. Because, in colorectal cancer (CRC), the serological YKL-40 level may serve as a risk predictor and prognostic biomarker, we investigated the underlying mechanisms by which it may contribute to tumor progression and the clinical significance of its tissue expression in metastatic CRC. We demonstrated that high-YKL-40-expressing HCT116 and Caco2 cells showed increased motility, invasion, and proliferation. YKL-40 upregulation was associated with EMT signaling activation. In the AOM/DSS mouse model, as well as in tumors and sera from CRC patients, elevated YKL-40 levels correlated with high-grade tumors. In retrospective analyses of six independent cohorts of CRC patients, elevated YKL-40 expression correlated with shorter survival in patients with advanced CRC. Strikingly, high YKL-40 tissue levels showed a predictive value for a better response to cetuximab, even in patients with stage IV CRC and mutant KRAS, and worse sensitivity to oxaliplatin. Taken together, our findings establish that tissue YKL-40 overexpression enhances CRC metastatic potential, highlighting this gene as a novel prognostic candidate, a predictive biomarker for therapy response, and an attractive target for future therapy in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela De Robertis
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari ‘A. Moro’, 70125 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.D.R.); (E.S.); Tel.: +39-06-4993-4232 (E.S.)
| | - Maria Raffaella Greco
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari ‘A. Moro’, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Rosa Angela Cardone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari ‘A. Moro’, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- Unit of Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Flaviana Marzano
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Nikolay Mehterov
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Kazakova
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolay Belev
- University Hospital Eurohospital, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Propedeutics of Surgical Diseases, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Apollonia Tullo
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Graziano Pesole
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari ‘A. Moro’, 70125 Bari, Italy
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Victoria Sarafian
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Emanuela Signori
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Experimental Oncology, Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.D.R.); (E.S.); Tel.: +39-06-4993-4232 (E.S.)
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7
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Li N, Guo Q, Zhang Q, Chen BJ, Li XA, Zhou Y. Comprehensive Analysis of Differentially Expressed Profiles of mRNA N6-Methyladenosine in Colorectal Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:760912. [PMID: 35087827 PMCID: PMC8787460 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.760912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To comprehensively profile the landscape of the mRNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification in human colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq) was explored to compare the difference in mRNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation between CRC tissues and adjacent normal control (NC) tissue. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to transcribe differentially expressed mRNAs. Conjoint analysis of MeRIP-seq and RNA-seq data was conducted to predict RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Results: MeRIP-seq identified 1110 differentially m6A methylated sites (DMMSs) and 980 differentially m6A methylated genes (DMMGs) in CRC, with 50.13% of all modified genes showing unique m6A-modified peaks in CRC. RNA-seq showed 915 upregulated genes and 1463 downregulated genes in CRC. QRT-PCR verified the RNA-seq results by detecting the expression of some mRNAs. Conjoint analysis of MeRIP-seq and RNA-seq identified 400 differentially m6A methylated and expressed genes (DEGs), and pathway analysis detected that DMMGs and DEGs were closely related to cancer. After analyzing these DMMGs and DEGs through the GEPIA database, we found that the expression of B3GNT6, DKC1, SRPK1, and RIMKLB were associated with prognosis, and the expression of B3GNT6 and RIMKLB were associated with clinical stage. 17 RBPs were identified based on the DMMGs and DEGs, among which FXR1, FXR2, FMR1, IGF2BP2, IGF2BP3, and SRSF1 were obviously highly expressed in CRC, and FMR1, IGF2BP2, and IGF2BP3 were closely related to methylation, and might be involved in the development of CRC. Conclusion: This study comprehensively profiled m6A modification of mRNAs in CRC, which revealed possible mechanisms of m6A-mediated gene expression regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department Of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Aksu District, Aksu, China
| | - Qin Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, School of clinical medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, School of clinical medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Bai-Jun Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, School of clinical medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-An Li
- Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
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Oh IH, Pyo JS, Son BK. Prognostic Impact of YKL-40 Immunohistochemical Expression in Patients with Colorectal Cancer. Curr Oncol 2021; 28:3139-3149. [PMID: 34436040 PMCID: PMC8395453 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28040274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to examine the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of the YKL-40 immunohistochemical expression of tumor and immune cells through human colorectal cancer (CRC) tissue. We performed immunohistochemistry for YKL-40 and investigated the clinicopathological and prognostic impact of the YKL-40 expression of tumor (T-YKL-40) and immune cells (I-YKL-40) in CRC. We also evaluated the correlation between YKL-40 and PD-L1 expression and the immunoscore. YKL-40 was expressed in 22.6% and 64.2% of T-YKL-40 and I-YKL-40, respectively, out of the 265 CRC tissues. The I-YKL-40 expression significantly correlated with well and moderately differentiated tumors. The PD-L1 expression in immune cells significantly correlated with the I-YKL-40 expression, but not T-YKL-40 expression (p = 0.020 and p = 0.846, respectively). The I-YKL-40 expression significantly correlated with a worse overall survival rate but not recurrence-free survival (p = 0.047 and p = 0.080, respectively). However, there was no significant correlation between the T-YKL-40 expression and survival. In CRCs with a high immunoscore, patients with I-YKL-40 expression demonstrated worse overall and recurrence-free survival than those without I-YKL-40 expression. Our results demonstrated that I-YKL-40 expression significantly correlated with tumor differentiation and PD-L1 expression in immune cells. I-YKL-40 expression can be useful for the prognostic stratification of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il Hwan Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu-si 11759, Korea;
| | - Jung-Soo Pyo
- Department of Pathology, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu-si 11759, Korea;
| | - Byoung Kwan Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu-si 11759, Korea;
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Michel M, Kaps L, Maderer A, Galle PR, Moehler M. The Role of p53 Dysfunction in Colorectal Cancer and Its Implication for Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2296. [PMID: 34064974 PMCID: PMC8150459 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and fatal cancers worldwide. The carcinogenesis of CRC is based on a stepwise accumulation of mutations, leading either to an activation of oncogenes or a deactivation of suppressor genes. The loss of genetic stability triggers activation of proto-oncogenes (e.g., KRAS) and inactivation of tumor suppression genes, namely TP53 and APC, which together drive the transition from adenoma to adenocarcinoma. On the one hand, p53 mutations confer resistance to classical chemotherapy but, on the other hand, they open the door for immunotherapy, as p53-mutated tumors are rich in neoantigens. Aberrant function of the TP53 gene product, p53, also affects stromal and non-stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer-associated fibroblasts together with other immunosuppressive cells become valuable assets for the tumor by p53-mediated tumor signaling. In this review, we address the manifold implications of p53 mutations in CRC regarding therapy, treatment response and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Michel
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.M.); (L.K.); (A.M.); (P.R.G.)
| | - Leonard Kaps
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.M.); (L.K.); (A.M.); (P.R.G.)
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Annett Maderer
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.M.); (L.K.); (A.M.); (P.R.G.)
| | - Peter R. Galle
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.M.); (L.K.); (A.M.); (P.R.G.)
| | - Markus Moehler
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.M.); (L.K.); (A.M.); (P.R.G.)
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Jin M, Li D, Liu W, Wang P, Xiang Z, Liu K. Pinin acts as a poor prognostic indicator for renal cell carcinoma by reducing apoptosis and promoting cell migration and invasion. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:4340-4348. [PMID: 33811436 PMCID: PMC8093961 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pinin (PNN) was originally characterized as a desmosome-associated molecule. Its function and the mechanism of its regulation in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are still undefined. Data on PNN expression, clinicopathological features, and prognosis of patients with RCC were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Immunohistochemistry revealed high PNN expression in tumour cells. PNN expression showed negative correlation with survival in patients with RCC, acting as an independent prognostic factor in RCC. PNN up-regulation might be attributed to epigenetic alterations in RCC. Immunofluorescence revealed PNN expression mainly in the nucleus of RCC cells. The transfection of siRNA targeting the PNN gene resulted in enhanced apoptosis, which was detected by flow cytometry, and reduced cell migration and invasion, which were assessed using wound healing and transwell migration assay. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed associations between PNN expression and several signalling pathways involved in cancer progression, as a potential mechanism underlying the carcinogenicity of PNN. The analyses of the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource platform showed significant positive associations between high PNN expression and tumour immune infiltrating cells. PNN may function as an oncogenic factor by reducing apoptosis and promoting cell migration and invasion in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Yinzhou, Ningbo, China
| | - Weihong Liu
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhenfei Xiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Kaitai Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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11
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STAT3 and p53: Dual Target for Cancer Therapy. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120637. [PMID: 33371351 PMCID: PMC7767392 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is considered the "guardian of the genome" that can protect cells against cancer by inducing cell cycle arrest followed by cell death. However, STAT3 is constitutively activated in several human cancers and plays crucial roles in promoting cancer cell proliferation and survival. Hence, STAT3 and p53 have opposing roles in cellular pathway regulation, as activation of STAT3 upregulates the survival pathway, whereas p53 triggers the apoptotic pathway. Constitutive activation of STAT3 and gain or loss of p53 function due to mutations are the most frequent events in numerous cancer types. Several studies have reported the association of STAT3 and/or p53 mutations with drug resistance in cancer treatment. This review discusses the relationship between STAT3 and p53 status in cancer, the molecular mechanism underlying the negative regulation of p53 by STAT3, and vice versa. Moreover, it underlines prospective therapies targeting both STAT3 and p53 to enhance chemotherapeutic outcomes.
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12
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Liu K, Jin M, Ye S, Yan S. CHI3L1 promotes proliferation and improves sensitivity to cetuximab in colon cancer cells by down-regulating p53. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 34:e23026. [PMID: 31536166 PMCID: PMC6977395 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chitinase 3‐like protein 1 (CHI3L1) is most likely a malignant tumor metastasis‐associated gene. However, the functions of CHI3L1 in colon cancer cell proliferation and its cetuximab sensitivity are still unclear. We aimed to investigate the mechanism of CHI3L1 in promoting colon cancer cell proliferation and its sensitivity to cetuximab. Methods The expression of CHI3L1 in colon cancer and adjacent tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. CHI3L1 was overexpressed in colon cancer cell lines by lentiviral technology. Cell proliferation and sensitivity to cetuximab were measured by MTT assay, cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry, and expression of cell cycle‐related proteins was analyzed by immunoblotting. Results The results showed that the level of CHI3L1 in colon cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissue, which was also correlated with overall survival. The cell proliferation rate was significantly increased after overexpression of CHI3L1, and the sensitivity to cetuximab was significantly increased. The expression of p53 was down‐regulated while the EGFR was up‐regulated significantly in CHI3L1 overexpressed cells. When rescued the expression of p53 in HCT116‐CHI3L1 cells, the cell proliferation and sensitivity to cetuximab could be restored. Conclusion High levels of CHI3L1 are associated with poor prognosis and accelerate the proliferation of colon cancer cells and increase the sensitivity to cetuximab. Its mechanism of increasing the cell proliferation and sensitivity to cetuximab may be explained by down‐regulating p53 expression and then, up‐regulating the expression of EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitai Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo Medical Center, Ningbo, China
| | - Ming Jin
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Shuang Ye
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo Medical Center, Ningbo, China
| | - Senxiang Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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