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Shamala V, Asha Devi S. Decoding the genetic influence of CT60 non-coding polymorphism in CTLA-4 gene and sCTLA-4 biomarker with rheumatoid arthritis in the Indian population. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:1023. [PMID: 39340674 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09949-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytoplasmic T Lymphocyte Antigen - 4 (CTLA-4) gene encodes an immunoregulatory receptor expressed on surface of activated T-cells to mediate peripheral tolerance against self-antigen. It suppresses auto-reactive T-cell proliferation either by inactivation or apoptosis of T-cells. The CTLA-4 mRNA undergoes alternative splicing to synthesize a native soluble form of CTLA-4 (sCTLA-4) protein, which lacks exon 3 that encodes for transmembrane region. As a result, sCTLA-4 circulates as a soluble serum protein and acts as an immunoregulator molecule to maintain homeostasis in the blood. MATERIALS AND RESULTS Techniques coupled with quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) and High-Resolution Melting Analysis (HRMA) were used to screen CTLA-4 3'Untranslated Region (UTR) CT60 (A/G) rs3087243 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) and their association with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) in the Indian population. In addition, we also evaluated the concentration of sCTLA-4 serum protein in RA patients carrying rs3087243 SNP with different genotypes (A/A, G/A, and G/G). Statistical analysis of Odds Ratio (OR), Confidence Interval (C.I), and Relative Risk (RR) have shown that frequency of CTLA-4 rs3087243 SNP G/G genotype was significantly associated with RA in the Indian population (OR 1.7140; CI = 1.0765 to 2.7290; RR = 1.5434; p = 0.0232). The sCTLA-4 concentration was also significantly lower in RA patients carrying rs3087243 SNP G/G genotype than control group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Co-inheritance of CTLA-4 signal peptide and 3'UTR SNPs may activate RAPP pathway. Downregulation of CTLA-4 and sCTLA-4 serum protein by rs3087243 SNP can increase the hyperactivation of T-cells, which causes RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Shamala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - S Asha Devi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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2
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Malik AE, Slauenwhite D, McAlpine SM, Hanly JG, Marshall JS, Issekutz TB. Differences in IDO1 + dendritic cells and soluble CTLA-4 are associated with differential clinical responses to methotrexate treatment in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1352251. [PMID: 38840915 PMCID: PMC11150726 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1352251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs) and monocytes play an essential role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis, however, their tolerogenic potential remains unclear. Herein, the tolerogenic profiles of DCs are characterized in treatment-naïve RA patients to determine their role to inflammatory arthritis management. Methods Thirty-six treatment-naïve RA patients were enrolled, of which 62% were non-responders to methotrexate (MTX) monotherapy based on disease activity score (DAS) after 6-months of therapy. DC and monocyte subset frequencies, activation (CD40, CD86, CD209 expression), and tolerogenic profile (intracellular indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase [IDO1] and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 [CTLA-4] expression) were examined in the baseline peripheral blood by multicolor flow-cytometry. Soluble CTLA-4 (sCTLA-4) levels in plasma were measured. Results DC subsets were decreased in RA compared to healthy controls (HC), and the frequency of conventional DCs (cDC) inversely correlated with inflammatory markers and improvement in disease activity. CD141+ cDC1s were the major IDO1-expressing cells. IDO1+cDC1s were reduced in RA patients compared to HC. The baseline frequency of IDO1+cDC1s inversely correlated with improvement in disease activity. CTLA-4 expression in CD1c+ cDC2s and monocytes was lower in RA patients compared to HC. Moreover, MTX-responders had a significantly lower frequency of IDO1+cDC1 cells and higher level of sCTLA-4 in the plasma compared to MTX non-responders. There was a strong predictive association of low IDO1+cDC1 cells, low sCTLA-4 and non-response to MTX. Conclusions Our findings reveal altered DC and monocytes immunophenotypes that are associated with RA pathology and treatment response. The frequencies of tolerogenic IDO1+cDC1s and the low level of sCTLA-4 are strongly associated with MTX non-responsiveness and therapeutic outcome. These results suggest that investigation of the association IDO1+cDC1 and sCTLA-4 with response to treatment may be more generalizable to other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anikó E. Malik
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie Unversity, Halifax, NS, Canada
- IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Drew Slauenwhite
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie Unversity, Halifax, NS, Canada
- IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Sarah M. McAlpine
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie Unversity, Halifax, NS, Canada
- IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - John G. Hanly
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Center, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jean S. Marshall
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Thomas B. Issekutz
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie Unversity, Halifax, NS, Canada
- IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
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3
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Aprilia A, Handono K, Sujuti H, Sabarudin A, Winaris N. sCD163, sCD28, sCD80, and sCTLA-4 as soluble marker candidates for detecting immunosenescence. Immun Ageing 2024; 21:9. [PMID: 38243300 PMCID: PMC10799430 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00405-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammaging, the characteristics of immunosenescence, characterized by continuous chronic inflammation that could not be resolved. It is not only affect older people but can also occur in young individuals, especially those suffering from chronic inflammatory conditions such as autoimmune disease, malignancy, or chronic infection. This condition led to altered immune function and as consequent immune function is reduced. Detection of immunosenescence has been done by examining the immune risk profile (IRP), which uses flow cytometry. These tests are not always available in health facilities, especially in developing countries and require fresh whole blood samples. Therefore, it is necessary to find biomarkers that can be tested using stored serum to make it easier to refer to the examination. Here we proposed an insight for soluble biomarkers which represented immune cells activities and exhaustion, namely sCD163, sCD28, sCD80, and sCTLA-4. Those markers were reported to be elevated in chronic diseases that caused early aging and easily detected from serum samples using ELISA method, unlike IRP. Therefore, we conclude these soluble markers are beneficial to predict pathological condition of immunosenescence. AIM To identify soluble biomarkers that could replace IRP for detecting immunosenescence. CONCLUSION Soluble costimulatory molecule suchsCD163, sCD28, sCD80, and sCTLA-4 are potential biomarkers for detecting immunosenescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Aprilia
- Doctoral Program in Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Kusworini Handono
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Veteran Street, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia.
| | - Hidayat Sujuti
- Opthamology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Akhmad Sabarudin
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Nuning Winaris
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
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4
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Hossen MM, Ma Y, Yin Z, Xia Y, Du J, Huang JY, Huang JJ, Zou L, Ye Z, Huang Z. Current understanding of CTLA-4: from mechanism to autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1198365. [PMID: 37497212 PMCID: PMC10367421 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1198365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are characterized by the production of autoreactive lymphocytes, immune responses to self-antigens, and inflammation in related tissues and organs. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is majorly expressed in activated T cells and works as a critical regulator in the inflammatory response. In this review, we first describe the structure, expression, and how the signaling pathways of CTLA-4 participate in reducing effector T-cell activity and enhancing the immunomodulatory ability of regulatory T (Treg) cells to reduce immune response, maintain immune homeostasis, and maintain autoimmune silence. We then focused on the correlation between CTLA-4 and different ADs and how this molecule regulates the immune activity of the diseases and inhibits the onset, progression, and pathology of various ADs. Finally, we summarized the current progress of CTLA-4 as a therapeutic target for various ADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Munnaf Hossen
- Shenzhen Futian Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Immunology, Biological Therapy Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Joint Research Laboratory for Rheumatology of Shenzhen University Health Science Center and Shenzhen Futian Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanmei Ma
- Shenzhen Futian Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Immunology, Biological Therapy Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Joint Research Laboratory for Rheumatology of Shenzhen University Health Science Center and Shenzhen Futian Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhihua Yin
- Shenzhen Futian Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Shenzhen, China
- Joint Research Laboratory for Rheumatology of Shenzhen University Health Science Center and Shenzhen Futian Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuhao Xia
- Department of Immunology, Biological Therapy Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Du
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jim Yi Huang
- Department of Psychology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Jennifer Jin Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Linghua Zou
- Shenzhen Futian Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Shenzhen Futian Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhizhong Ye
- Shenzhen Futian Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Shenzhen, China
- Joint Research Laboratory for Rheumatology of Shenzhen University Health Science Center and Shenzhen Futian Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhong Huang
- Department of Immunology, Biological Therapy Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Joint Research Laboratory for Rheumatology of Shenzhen University Health Science Center and Shenzhen Futian Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Shenzhen, China
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5
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Wan X, Bao L, Ma G, Long T, Li H, Zhang Y, Jiang H. Tolerogenic dendritic cells alleviate collagen-induced arthritis by forming microchimerism and affecting the expression of immune checkpoint molecules. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:1980-1992. [PMID: 36213961 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDCs) have the potential to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by inducing immune tolerance. However, the mechanism of intervention needs further study. Here, we investigated whether tolDCs formed microchimerism and their effect on the expression of immune checkpoint molecules after infusion of tolDCs into rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). TolDCs derived from male SD rats were labeled with fluorescence and infused into female CIA rats. The fluorescence signals as well as the sex-determining region of Y-chromosome (SRY) gene revealed that tolDCs formed microchimerism in the mesenteric lymph nodes and ankle joints. We further explored the effect of tolDCs on the expression of immune checkpoint molecules in mesenteric lymph nodes and ankle joints. For stimulatory immune checkpoint molecules, the expressions of CD86 and CD40 decreased in mesenteric lymph nodes, and the expressions of CD40, CD40L, CD28, CD80, and CD86 also decreased in rat ankle joints. In contrast, the inhibitory immune checkpoint molecule PDL1 increased in mesenteric lymph nodes, and PD1, PDL1, and CTLA4 increased in ankle joints. In conclusion, our results suggested that intervention of tolDCs in CIA is associated with the formation of microchimerism and the effect on immune checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufang Wan
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lunmin Bao
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, People' Hospital of Anshun City, Anshun, China
| | - Guilan Ma
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guiyang Second people's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Tiaoyu Long
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Honghong Li
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yundong Zhang
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, People' Hospital of Anshun City, Anshun, China
| | - Hongmei Jiang
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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Hemmatzadeh M, Ahangar Parvin E, Mohammadi H, Azizi G, Shomali N, Jadidi-Niaragh F. The role of immune regulatory molecules in rheumatoid arthritis: Implication for etiopathogenesis and prospective for treatment. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:3541-3553. [PMID: 35938550 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is considered an autoimmune chronic disorder and the most common inflammatory arthropathy. Disease progression in RA begins with asymptomatic autoimmune responses in cases with a genetic or environmental predisposition, that alters to arthralgia phase as autoantibodies reach the joints and subjects begin demonstrating nonspecific musculoskeletal presentations lacking any clinical symptoms of synovial inflammation. After that, patients' symptoms develop to undifferentiated arthritis (UA)/idiopathic arthritis (IA) whenever the subjects progress to clinical synovitis systemic comorbidities affecting the vasculature, metabolism, and bone, and eventually with augmented immune cell infiltration, IA/UA patients progress to clinically classifiable RA. RA is mainly correlated with different immune cells and each of them contributes variously to the pathogenesis of the disease. The pathogenesis of RA is altered by the contribution of both T and B cells in an autoimmune irregularity. Modulation of the immune responses occurs through regulatory and inhibitory molecules that control activation of the adaptive system as well as immune hemostasis. To confine the exorbitant T cell-associated inflammatory reactions, the immune system provides a system of inhibitory feedbacks, collectively named immune checkpoints. In this review, we aimed to discuss about inhibitory members of immune checkpoint molecules, including programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/PD-L1, cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte-antigen-4, lymphocyte activation gene-3, T cell immunoglobulin-3, V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation, B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator, and T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain and their role in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hemmatzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Ahangar Parvin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Navid Shomali
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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7
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AlEjielat R, Khaleel A, Tarkhan AH. Differential gene expression analysis of ankylosing spondylitis shows deregulation of the HLA-DRB, HLA-DQB, ITM2A, and CTLA4 genes. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-021-00161-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a rare inflammatory disorder affecting the spinal joints. Although we know some of the genetic factors that are associated with the disease, the molecular basis of this illness has not yet been fully elucidated, and the genes involved in AS pathogenesis have not been entirely identified. The current study aimed at constructing a gene network that may serve as an AS gene signature and biomarker, both of which will help in disease diagnosis and the identification of therapeutic targets. Previously published gene expression profiles of 16 AS patients and 16 gender- and age-matched controls that were profiled on the Illumina HumanHT-12 V3.0 Expression BeadChip platform were mined. Patients were Portuguese, 21 to 64 years old, were diagnosed based on the modified New York criteria, and had Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index scores > 4 and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index scores > 4. All patients were receiving only NSAIDs and/or sulphasalazine. Functional enrichment and pathway analysis were performed to create an interaction network of differentially expressed genes.
Results
ITM2A, ICOS, VSIG10L, CD59, TRAC, and CTLA-4 were among the significantly differentially expressed genes in AS, but the most significantly downregulated genes were the HLA-DRB6, HLA-DRB5, HLA-DRB4, HLA-DRB3, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1, ITM2A, and CTLA-4 genes. The genes in this study were mostly associated with the regulation of the immune system processes, parts of cell membrane, and signaling related to T cell receptor and antigen receptor, in addition to some overlaps related to the IL2 STAT signaling, as well as the androgen response. The most significantly over-represented pathways in the data set were associated with the “RUNX1 and FOXP3 which control the development of regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs)” and the “GABA receptor activation” pathways.
Conclusions
Comprehensive gene analysis of differentially expressed genes in AS reveals a significant gene network that is involved in a multitude of important immune and inflammatory pathways. These pathways and networks might serve as biomarkers for AS and can potentially help in diagnosing the disease and identifying future targets for treatment.
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García-Chagollán M, Hernández-Martínez SE, Rojas-Romero AE, Muñoz-Valle JF, Sigala-Arellano R, Cerpa-Cruz S, Morales-Núñez JJ, Lomelí-Nieto JA, Macedo Ojeda G, Hernández-Bello J. Metabolic syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis patients: Relationship among its clinical components. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 35:e23666. [PMID: 33231330 PMCID: PMC7957969 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) prevalence in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients is known to vary considerably across the world. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of MetS in RA patients from western Mexico and to analyze the interrelation of the MetS components with the clinical variables of RA. METHODS This case-control study included 216 RA patients and 260 control subjects (CS). MetS prevalence was determined according to the NCEP/ATP III and the Latin American Consensus of the Latin American Diabetes Association (ALAD) criteria. RESULTS MetS was observed in 30.6% RA patients and 33.3% of controls (p > 0.05) according to NCEP/ATP III and 28.7% in RA patients and 31.1% for controls using ALAD criteria. Total cholesterol, LDL-C, and Castelli's I-II indexes were lower in RA (p < 0.001) than in CS. The RA patients with MetS had more swollen joints than those without MetS (p = 0.018). In RA patients with MetS, DAS-28 score correlated with smoking index (rho = 0.4601, p = 0.0004) and VLDL-C (rho = 0.3108, p = 0.0056); similarly, rheumatoid factor (RF) correlated with age (rho = 0.2031, p = 0.0027), smoking index (rho = 0.3404, p < 0.0001), triglycerides (rho = 0.1958, p = 0.0039), and VLDL-C (rho = 0.1761, p = 0.0162). CONCLUSIONS The MetS prevalence in RA patients from western Mexico is not higher than controls; however, in RA patients with MetS, some inflammatory markers are associated with MetS components; thus, the control of MetS in RA could be beneficial to regulate disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariel García-Chagollán
- Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | | | - Alma Elizabeth Rojas-Romero
- University Center for Exact Sciences and Engineering (CUCEI), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - José Francisco Muñoz-Valle
- Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | | | - Sergio Cerpa-Cruz
- Rheumatology Service, O.P.D. Civil Hospital of Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde", Guadalajara, México
| | - José Javier Morales-Núñez
- Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - José Alvaro Lomelí-Nieto
- Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Gabriela Macedo Ojeda
- Department of Public Health, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara (UdG), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Jorge Hernández-Bello
- Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
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García-Chagollán M, Ledezma-Lozano IY, Hernández-Bello J, Sánchez-Hernández PE, Gutiérrez-Ureña SR, Muñoz-Valle JF. Expression patterns of CD28 and CTLA-4 in early, chronic, and untreated rheumatoid arthritis. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23188. [PMID: 31907973 PMCID: PMC7246387 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background T‐cell activation pathways have been proposed as trigger mechanisms in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). CD28 and CTLA‐4 play major roles in regulating the stimulatory and inhibitory co‐signals in T cells. Objective To analyze the association between soluble and surface expression of CD28 and CTLA‐4 with the clinical parameters of RA patients. Methods A total of 35 RA patients classified as early RA (n = 14), chronic RA (n = 14), and untreated RA (n = 7), as well as 7 age‐ and sex‐matched control subjects (CS) were included. Surface expression of CD28 and CTLA‐4 on T cells was evaluated by flow cytometry. Soluble levels of CD28 (sCD28), CTLA‐4 (sCTLA‐4), and anti‐CCP antibodies were measured by ELISA. Results A significant lower percentage of CD8 + T cells positive to CD28 (CS = 64.9% vs RA = 42.7%, P = .04), and diminished surface expression of CD28 (CS: MFI = 122.9 vs RA: MFI = 33.1, P = .006), were found in chronic RA patients compared to CS. Higher sCD28 were observed in early RA patients compared with chronic RA patients (P < .05). sCTLA‐4 was found increased in untreated RA patients compared to early RA patients (P < .05). sCD28 concentration correlated with anti‐CCP levels (rho = −0.12; P = .032). The soluble and surface expressions of CTLA‐4 were not associated with RA clinical parameters. Conclusions In RA, the percentage of CD8 + CD28+ T cells decreases and expresses fewer membrane CD28 than CS. sCD28 levels are lower in chronic RA and are associated negatively with anti‐CCP levels. sCTLA 4 levels are lower in early RA patients than in untreated RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariel García-Chagollán
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Iris Yolanda Ledezma-Lozano
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Jorge Hernández-Bello
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | | | | | - José Francisco Muñoz-Valle
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
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