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Zhang T, Zhu J, Li Z, Zhao Y, Li Y, Li J, He Q, Geng Y, Lu W, Zhang L, Li Z. The UF-5000 Atyp.C parameter is an independent risk factor for bladder cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12659. [PMID: 38830942 PMCID: PMC11148171 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63572-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Bladder carcinoma (BC) accounts for > 90% of all urothelial cancers. Pathological diagnosis through cytoscopic biopsy is the gold standard, whereas non-invasive diagnostic tools remain lacking. The "Atyp.C" parameter of the Sysmex UF-5000 urine particle analyzer represents the ratio of nucleus to cytoplasm and can be employed to detect urinary atypical cells. The present study examined the association between urinary Atyp.C values and BC risk. This two-center, retrospective case-control study identified clinical primary or newly recurrent BC (study period, 2022-2023; n = 473) cases together with controls with urinary tract infection randomly matched by age and sex (1:1). Urinary sediment differences were compared using non-parametric tests. The correlations between urinary Atyp.C levels and BC grade or infiltration were analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation. The BC risk factor odds ratio of Atyp.C was calculated using conditional logistic regression, and potential confounder effects were adjusted using stepwise logistic regression (LR). Primary risk factors were identified by stratified analysis according to pathological histological diagnosis. The mean value of urinary Atyp.C in BC cases (1.30 ± 3.12) was 8.7 times higher than that in the controls (0.15 ± 0.68; P < 0.001). Urinary Atyp.C values were positively correlated with BC pathological grade and invasion (r = 0.360, P < 0.001; r = 0.367, P < 0.001). Urinary Atyp.C was an independent risk factor for BC and closely related with BC pathological grade and invasion. Elevated urinary Atyp.C values was an independent risk factor for BC. Our findings support the use of Atyp.C as a marker that will potentially aid in the early diagnosis and long-term surveillance of new and recurrent BC cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Jianhong Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Zhaoxing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Ya Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Qian He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Yan Geng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China.
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China.
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Fan J, Chen B, Luo Q, Li J, Huang Y, Zhu M, Chen Z, Li J, Wang J, Liu L, Wei Q, Cao D. Potential molecular biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of bladder cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116312. [PMID: 38417288 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is a common malignant tumor of urinary system, which can be divided into muscle-invasive BC (MIBC) and nonmuscle-invasive BC (NMIBC). The number of BC patients has been gradually increasing currently. At present, bladder tumours are diagnosed and followed-up using a combination of cystoscopic examination, cytology and histology. However, the detection of early grade tumors, which is much easier to treat effectively than advanced stage disease, is still insufficient. It frequently recurs and can progress when not expeditiously diagnosed and monitored following initial therapy for NMIBC. Treatment strategies are totally different for different stage diseases. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study new biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. In this review, we summarize the current state of biomarker development in BC diagnosis and prognosis prediction. We retrospectively analyse eight diagnostic biomarkers and eight prognostic biomarkers, in which CK, P53, PPARγ, PTEN and ncRNA are emphasized for discussion. Eight molecular subtype systems are also identified. Clinical translation of biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring and treatment will hopefully improve outcomes for patients. These potential biomarkers provide an opportunity to diagnose tumors earlier and with greater accuracy, and help identify those patients most at risk of disease recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Fan
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiuping Luo
- Out-patient Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinze Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yin Huang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengli Zhu
- Research Core Facility, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liangren Liu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Dehong Cao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Gudowska-Sawczuk M, Kudelski J, Olkowicz M, Młynarczyk G, Chłosta P, Mroczko B. The Clinical Significance of Serum Free Light Chains in Bladder Cancer. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12093294. [PMID: 37176734 PMCID: PMC10179731 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12093294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to assess the clinical usefulness of serum kappa (κ) and lambda (λ) free light chains (FLCs) in patients with bladder cancer (BC). One hundred samples were collected and analysed from healthy volunteers (C) and bladder cancer patients. Cancer patients were divided into two subgroups: low-grade (LG) and high-grade cancer (HG). Concentrations of FLCs, CEA, CA19-9, creatinine and urea were measured per manufacturers' guidelines. The concentrations of κ and λ FLCs and CEA were significantly higher in BC patients in comparison to the control group. Moreover, the concentrations of κ and λ FLCs and CEA were significantly higher in both low-grade as well as high-grade cancer in comparison to the controls. The levels of κ and λ FLCs differed between tumour grades, with patients presenting higher concentrations in high-grade compared to low-grade cancer. In the total study group, κFLC correlated with λFLC, the κ:λ ratio, CRP, CEA, CA19-9, creatinine and urea. There was also a correlation between λFLC and κFLC, CRP, CEA, creatinine and urea. The λFLC showed a higher ability (sensitivity and PPV) to detect bladder cancer in comparison to κFLC and CEA. In addition, λFLC had a higher ability to exclude BC (specificity and NPV) than κFLC and CEA. λFLC also showed the highest accuracy in the detection of bladder cancer. In conclusion, the revealed differences in the concentrations of both κ and λ FLCs suggest their potential participation in bladder cancer development. Increased concentrations of free light chains in bladder cancer patients and the association with the tumour grade suggest that κ and λ FLC measurements may be useful in the diagnosis and prognosis of bladder cancer. This is the first research that evaluates the concentration of FLCs in bladder cancer, so further studies are necessary to confirm their usefulness as tumour markers of this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gudowska-Sawczuk
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A St., 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jacek Kudelski
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A St., 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michał Olkowicz
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A St., 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Młynarczyk
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A St., 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Chłosta
- Department of Urology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Jakubowskiego 2 St., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20 St., 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A St., 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
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Wang J, Zhao X, Jiang XL, Lu D, Yuan Q, Li J. Diagnostic performance of nuclear matrix protein 22 and urine cytology for bladder cancer: A meta-analysis. Diagn Cytopathol 2022; 50:300-312. [PMID: 35322590 PMCID: PMC9310821 DOI: 10.1002/dc.24954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare and analyze the diagnostic efficacy of nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) and urine cytology (UC) in the diagnosis of bladder cancer. METHODS Search the Chinese and English studies on NMP22 and urinary cytology in the diagnosis of bladder tumors published between 1999 and June, and conduct quality evaluation, data extraction and analysis. RESULTS A total of 397 related articles were retrieved, and 12 articles were finally included after screening, including 2456 subjects. The heterogeneity test shows that there is no discernible threshold effect. Perform meta-analysis according to the random effects model. The results showed that the total sensitivity of NMP22 and UC were 0.79 (95% CI [0.73, 0.84]) (CI: Confidence interval), 0.55 (95% CI [0.41, 0.69]), and the total specificity 0.59 (95% CI [0.46], respectively, 0.71), 0.91 (95% CI (0.81, 0.96]), +LR 1.9 (95% CI [1.4, 2.6]) (+LR: positive likelihood ration), 5.9 (95% CI [3.3, 10.6]), -LR 0.35 (-LR: negative likelihood ration), respectively (95% CI [0.27, 0.47]), 0.49 (95% CI [0.38, 0.64]), diagnostic odds ratios 5 (95% CI [3, 9]), 12 (95% CI [7, 21]). The area under the summary receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) was 0.79 (95% CI [0.75, 0.82]) and 0.81 (95% CI [0.77, 0.84]), respectively. CONCLUSIONS NMP22 has moderate diagnostic efficiency for bladder cancer. Its sensitivity is greater than UC, but its specificity is significantly lower than that of UC. At present, it cannot replace traditional cystoscopy and UC, but it can be combined to detect bladder tumors. It plays a major role in screening, postoperative monitoring and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital, Mianyang, China
| | - Xi Zhao
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University Graduate School, Dalian, China
| | - Xiao Lei Jiang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital, Mianyang, China
| | - Dong Lu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital, Mianyang, China
| | - Qiang Yuan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital, Mianyang, China
| | - Jiabing Li
- Mianyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital, Mianyang, China
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The Role of Androgens and Androgen Receptor in Human Bladder Cancer. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040594. [PMID: 33919565 PMCID: PMC8072960 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (urothelial carcinoma) is one of the most frequently diagnosed neoplasms, with an estimated half a million new cases and 200,000 deaths per year worldwide. This pathology mainly affects men. Men have a higher risk (4:1) of developing bladder cancer than women. Cigarette smoking and exposure to chemicals such as aromatic amines, and aniline dyes have been established as risk factors for bladder cancer and may contribute to the sex disparity. Male internal genitalia, including the urothelium and prostate, are derived from urothelial sinus endoderm; both tissues express the androgen receptor (AR). Several investigations have shown evidence that the AR plays an important role in the initiation and development of different types of cancer including bladder cancer. In this article, we summarize the available data that help to explain the role of the AR in the development and progression of bladder cancer, as well as the therapies used for its treatment.
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Liao Y, Tang H, Wang M, Wang K, Wang Y, Jiang N. The potential diagnosis role of TP53 mutation in advanced bladder cancer: A meta-analysis. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23765. [PMID: 33780049 PMCID: PMC8128305 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer is one of the most common urological cancers all over the world, and NMIBC occupies almost 80% of recently diagnosed bladder cancer cases. Progress and recurrence of bladder cancer are the main problems during the disease. The level of TP53 mutation is obviously higher in the high stage than the lower. This meta-analysis is to evaluate the potential diagnosis feature of TP53 mutation by the expression of TP53 mutation of Ta stage vs high stage in bladder cancer. METHODS A systematic search of databases was conducted, and some relevant articles were selected. Next, the meta-analysis was carried out according to the standard guidelines. RESULTS There were seven researches in which 677 participants were selected at the basis of inclusion standard. TP53 mutation was associated highly with increased diagnosis of bladder cancer. We found that the high stage of bladder cancer has obviously higher level of TP53 mutation than the lower stage, and these patients of MIBC have higher expression of TP53 mutation compared with NMIBC. No significant publication bias has been observed in this meta-analysis. The expression of TP53 mutation might be a diagnose-related biomarker for lots of patients with bladder cancer. CONCLUSIONS The results of this meta-analysis provided further evidences that the expression of TP53 mutation was associated with the diagnosis efficiency of advanced bladder cancer. Higher expression of TP53 mutation was observed in the high stage of bladder cancer or the MIBC, and lower expression of TP53 mutation in the Ta stage of bladder cancer or the NMIBC. The expression level of TP53 mutation was probably a critical diagnosed biomarker in advanced bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Liao
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huiqin Tang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Keke Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Youzhi Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Hu D, Xu X, Zhao Z, Li C, Tian Y, Liu Q, Shao B, Chen S, Zhao Y, Li L, Bi H, Chen A, Fu C, Cui X, Zeng Y. Detecting urine metabolites of bladder cancer by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 247:119108. [PMID: 33161263 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
AIM Metabolites present in urine reflect the current phenotype of the cancer state. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) can be used in urine supernatant or sediment to largely reflect the metabolic status of the body. MATERIALS & METHODS SERS was performed to detect bladder cancer (BCa) and predict tumour grade from urine supernatant, which contains various system metabolites, as well as from urine sediment, which contains exfoliated tumour cells. RESULTS & DISCUSSION Upon combining the urinary supernatant and sediment results, the total diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of SERS were 100% and 98.85%, respectively, for high-grade tumours and 97.53% and 90.80%, respectively, for low-grade tumours. CONCLUSION The present results suggest high potential for SERS to detect BCa from urine, especially when combining both urinary supernatant and sediment results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayu Hu
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, No. 500 Wisdom Street, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Xiaosong Xu
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, No. 500 Wisdom Street, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Zeyin Zhao
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, No. 500 Wisdom Street, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Changqi Li
- Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, China
| | - Ye Tian
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, No. 500 Wisdom Street, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, China
| | - Bo Shao
- Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, No. 500 Wisdom Street, Shenyang 110169, China; Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Northeastern University, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, No. 500 Wisdom Street, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, China
| | - Huan Bi
- Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, China
| | - Ang Chen
- Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, China
| | - Cheng Fu
- Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, China
| | - Xiaoyu Cui
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, No. 500 Wisdom Street, Shenyang 110169, China; Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Northeastern University, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Yu Zeng
- Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, China.
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Cho EJ, Kwon Bang C, Kim H, Kyung Lee H. An ensemble approach of urine sediment image analysis and NMP22 test for detection of bladder cancer cells. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23345. [PMID: 32648637 PMCID: PMC7439416 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bladder cancer is the eighth most common cancer and the second most common urological cancer in Korean males. Current diagnostic tools for bladder cancer include cystoscopy (an upper tract study), urine cytology, and nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) test. In this study, we evaluated the detection rate of atypical/malignant urothelial cells in urinary sediment images when flagged for positive NMP22 test. Methods NMP22 was measured by NMP22 BladderChek Test (Abbott Laboratories) and urine chemical and sediment analysis were performed by fully automated cobas 6500 urine analyzer (Roche Diagnostics). Specimens that met the manual microscopic examination (MME) criteria were then subjected to an on‐screen review of images. We subsequently reviewed sediment images and examined under the microscopy for the flagged cases. Results Of the 1217 patients, 345 (28.3%) had positive NMP22 results, whereas 872 (71.7%) had negative results. Out of the positive results, 154 (12.7%) were positive and 191 (15.7%) weakly positive for NMP22. Screened review of flagged specimens (ie, positive NMP22 result) with sediment imaging analysis revealed that suspicious urothelial carcinoma cells were detected in only two cases (0.8%). In the NMP22 negative flagged cases, the suspicious neoplastic cells were not found. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the NMP22 test should be added to the flagging criteria for MME to improve diagnostic accuracy. The combination of urine sediment imaging analysis and NMP22 test can significantly assist technicians in the review of specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Kwon Bang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Kyung Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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