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Hou S, Lei S, Peng H, Weng L, Lv S, Li M, Zhao D. Down-regulating HK2 inhibits proliferation of endometrial stromal cells through a noncanonical pathway involving phosphorylation of STAT1 in endometriosis. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:488-499. [PMID: 35470850 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis is a benign gynecologic disease that causes chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea and infertility and shares several characteristics with malignant tumors, afflicting women of reproductive age. Hexokinase 2 (HK2) plays an essential role as the first rate-limiting enzyme in the metabolic glycolysis pathway, and its abnormal elevation in tumors is associated with tumor genesis and metastasis. However, the expression and role of HK2 in endometriosis remain unclear. METHODS We sequenced the primary endometrial stromal cells from patients with endometrioma and utilized immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time PCR and western blot to determine the expression of HK2. Then wound healing assays, cell invasion assays, cell proliferation assays were performed to explore the functions of HK2 in endometrial stromal cells. Furthermore, mice models of endometriosis were used to observe the effects of HK2 inhibitors in vivo. Lastly, glycolysis metabolism detection and transcriptome sequencing were carried out in HK2-knockdown endometrial stromal cells to analyze the mechanism of HK2 affecting cell function. RESULTS Endometrial stromal cells of endometrioma displayed active glycolysis metabolism and elevated expression of HK2. Downregulating HK2 reduced the migration, invasion and proliferation capacity of endometrial stromal cells. Knockdown of HK2 induced upregulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and their phosphorylation to attenuate the proliferation of endometrial stromal cells. CONCLUSIONS HK2 is associated with the migration, invasion and proliferation of endometrial stromal cells, which might provide new insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Hou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China.,Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Shating Lei
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Peng
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Lichun Weng
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Siji Lv
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingqing Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
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Doroftei B, Ilie OD, Balmus IM, Ciobica A, Maftei R, Scripcariu I, Simionescu G, Grab D, Stoian I, Ilea C. Molecular and Clinical Insights on the Complex Interaction between Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and Endobiota in the Pathogenesis of Endometriosis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11081434. [PMID: 34441367 PMCID: PMC8391253 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11081434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis (EMS) remains, to date, an intriguing and debilitating gynecological disorder that possesses a multifactorial substrate. Recent studies with the objective of elucidating its etiology highlighted the antagonistic effect of EMS on a multiple of processes involved in homeostasis. Although the current oxidative biomarkers clearly reveal the consequences induced by EMS, its implication in the associated inflammatory reactions could be much more complex. Besides the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that leads to an exacerbated oxidative response, it also changes the normal expression of several pro-inflammatory modulators, reflected by the fluctuating activity of several pro- and anti-apoptotic mediators whose expression is impaired. In light of this topic, several studies elucidate the involvement of apoptosis in EMS, being brought controversial findings, even reports with no significant change. Further, some authors reported an abnormal expression of multiple genes that are crucial for the overall functionality of the female reproductive system. Cumulatively, it seems that the subsequent oxidative imbalance and apoptosis process impairment could further disrupt the normal removal of unnecessary biological products. Based on all gathered evidence, we could argue that the related stress state could determine human endobiota impairment, which could further participate in the inflammatory and main antioxidant enzyme changes occurring in EMS. Moreover, a correlation between endobiota integrity, inflammation, and oxidative stress (OS) was suggested in relation to the possible predisposition to pathogen determined infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Doroftei
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street, no 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (B.D.); (R.M.); (I.S.); (G.S.); (D.G.); (C.I.)
- Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology “Cuza Voda”, Cuza Voda Street, no 34, 700038 Iasi, Romania
- Origyn Fertility Center, Palace Street, no 3C, 700032 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ovidiu-Dumitru Ilie
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, Carol I Avenue, no 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania;
- Correspondence: (O.-D.I.); (I.S.)
| | - Ioana-Miruna Balmus
- Department of Interdisciplinary Research in Science, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, Carol I Avenue, no 11, 700107 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Alin Ciobica
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, Carol I Avenue, no 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Radu Maftei
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street, no 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (B.D.); (R.M.); (I.S.); (G.S.); (D.G.); (C.I.)
- Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology “Cuza Voda”, Cuza Voda Street, no 34, 700038 Iasi, Romania
- Origyn Fertility Center, Palace Street, no 3C, 700032 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ioana Scripcariu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street, no 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (B.D.); (R.M.); (I.S.); (G.S.); (D.G.); (C.I.)
| | - Gabriela Simionescu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street, no 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (B.D.); (R.M.); (I.S.); (G.S.); (D.G.); (C.I.)
- Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology “Cuza Voda”, Cuza Voda Street, no 34, 700038 Iasi, Romania
- Origyn Fertility Center, Palace Street, no 3C, 700032 Iasi, Romania
| | - Delia Grab
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street, no 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (B.D.); (R.M.); (I.S.); (G.S.); (D.G.); (C.I.)
- Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology “Cuza Voda”, Cuza Voda Street, no 34, 700038 Iasi, Romania
| | - Irina Stoian
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street, no 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (B.D.); (R.M.); (I.S.); (G.S.); (D.G.); (C.I.)
- Correspondence: (O.-D.I.); (I.S.)
| | - Ciprian Ilea
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street, no 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (B.D.); (R.M.); (I.S.); (G.S.); (D.G.); (C.I.)
- Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology “Cuza Voda”, Cuza Voda Street, no 34, 700038 Iasi, Romania
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Li J, Abudula M, Fan X, Wang F, Chen Y, Liu L. Sunitinib induces primary ectopic endometrial cell apoptosis through up-regulation of STAT1 in vitro. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23482. [PMID: 32761670 PMCID: PMC7676178 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endometriosis (EMS) is a prevalent gynecological condition characterized by the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. This study aimed to clarify the targeted therapeutic effect of sunitinib in an endometriosis in vitro experiment. Methods Primary culture of ectopic endometrial cells and normal endometrial cells. Six tumor targeting drugs were selected to screen. MTT was used to determine the IC50, flow cytometry, and DAPI staining of the targeted drugs, in order to determine the apoptosis. The differential proteins after seeding were analyzed by protein spectrum, the correlation between the specific protein and cell apoptosis was determined by small molecule interference, and the expression of each related protein was detected by Western blot. Immunohistochemistry and ELISA were used to detect the expression of p‐PDGFR and p‐STAT1 in clinical samples, and the correlation between p‐STAT1 expression and ectopic focal size was analyzed by SPSS 19. Results Through the drug screening, it was found that sunitinib has a significant inhibitory effect on ectopic endometrial cells. It was determined that the IC50 of sunitinib on ectopic stromal endometrial cells was 3.32 μM, while the IC50 on normal endometrium was 7.9 μM. Meanwhile, the flow cytometry and DAPI nuclear dye that took out sunitinib had an inhibition effect on the ectopic endometrium at a concentration of 4 μM. Protein spectrum analysis was conducted on ectopic intimal cells after sunitinib treatment, and it was found that STAT1 is specifically expressed in ectopic endometrial cells. In vitro, and through fludarabine interference, it was revealed that sunitinib specifically inhibited the phosphorylation site Tyr751 of PDGFR, while the expression of STAT1, p‐STAT1, and caspase‐3 was significantly upregulated, and the expression of STAT1 and p‐STAT1 was positively correlated with the expression of caspase‐3. Finally, the expression of p‐PDGFR and p‐STAT1 in ectopic foal tissues was both higher than that in normal endometrium, and p‐STAT1 expression was positively with ectopic focal size. Conclusion The in vitro experiments revealed that sunitinib could upregulate the expression of STAT1 by inhibiting the phosphorylation site Tyr751 of PDGFR, thereby specifically inducing the apoptosis of the primary heterotopic mesenchymal endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | | | | | - Furong Wang
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, China
| | - Yichen Chen
- Ningbo Institution of Medical Science, Ningbo, China
| | - Liping Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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