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Yang S, Lu S, Guo Y, Luan W, Liu J, Wang L. A comparative study of general and severe mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:449. [PMID: 38671341 PMCID: PMC11046970 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09340-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The increasing prevalence of severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (SMPP) poses a significant threat to the health of children. This study aimed to characterise and assess the outcomes in children with SMPP. METHODS We retrospectively analysed children hospitalised for M. pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) between January and December 2022. Retrospectively, demographic, clinical, underlying diseases, laboratory and radiological findings, and treatment outcomes were collected and analysed. Disease severity was defined as severe or general according to the Guideline for diagnosis and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in children (2019 version). RESULTS Over a 12-month observation period, 417 children with MPP were enrolled, 50.6% (211/417) of whom had SMPP, with the peak incidence observed in winter. Of the 211 children with SMPP, 210 were treated and discharged with improvement, while one child with congenital heart disease died of cardioembolic stroke. A significantly higher proportion of patients with SMPP had underlying diseases, extrapulmonary complications (myocardial and digestive system involvement), and bacterial co-infection. A total of 25 (12%) children with SMPP received mechanical ventilation. The median duration of mechanical ventilation was 3 days. All children were treated with macrolide antibiotic. A significantly higher proportion of patients with SMPP received antibiotic other than macrolides, methylprednisolone sodium succinate, intravenous immunoglobulin and anticoagulation, compared with patients with general MPP (GMPP). Children with SMPP had significantly higher levels of white blood cells, neutrophil percentage, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and significantly lower percentages of lymphocytes, monocytes, and natural killer cells, compared with GMPP group. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that severely ill children have more pronounced inflammatory reaction and extrapulmonary complications. For effective management of children with SMPP, hormonal, prophylactic, anticoagulant therapy, as well as the use of antibiotics other than macrolides for bacterial co-infections, could be incorporated into treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Hebei, 133 Jianhua South Street, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China
| | - Sukun Lu
- Department of Respiratory, Children's Hospital of Hebei, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China
| | - Yinghui Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Hebei, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China
- Children's Hospital of Hebei, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China
| | - Wenjun Luan
- Department of Respiratory, Children's Hospital of Hebei, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Department of Respiratory, Children's Hospital of Hebei, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China
| | - Le Wang
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Hebei, 133 Jianhua South Street, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China.
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Yang X, Liu Z, Liu X, Li Q, Huang H, Zhang Z. Efficacy and Influencing Factors of Sangju Cough Mixture in the Adjuvant Treatment of Adult Patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection: A Retrospective Study. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:275-282. [PMID: 38298533 PMCID: PMC10829505 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s438202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Sangju-Yin, supplemented with some drugs, has frequently demonstrated therapeutic efficacy against colds, albeit its effect on Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection remains unknown. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the treatment efficacy and influencing factors of a Sangju cough mixture on MP infection in adults. Patients and Methods Between January 2021 and December 2022, 150 adult patients with MP infection at the Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated with Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were assigned to the treatment (administered Sangju cough mixture and moxifloxacin tablets) or the control (administered moxifloxacin tablets) groups. Results When compared with the control group, the treatment group exhibited significantly improved traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores, increased CD4+ T cell levels, and decreased CD8+ T cell levels (all P < 0.05). After 7 days of treatment, the negative conversion rate of the MP-specific immunoglobulin M (MP-IgM) antibody of the treatment group was not significantly different from that of the control group (P > 0.05); however, after 14 days of treatment, the rate was significantly higher in the treatment group (P < 0.05). The univariate regression analysis revealed that combined chronic respiratory disease, failure to take Sangju cough mixture, combined pneumonia, Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002) score of at least 3 points, and age were associated with the negative conversion of the MP-IgM antibody (all P < 0.05). Nevertheless, the multivariate regression model revealed that the NRS 2002 score of at least 3 points was not an independent risk factor (P > 0.05). Conclusion Sangju cough mixture can improve symptoms, accelerate the negative conversion time of MP-IgM antibody, and promote rehabilitation of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lishui, 323000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongda Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lishui, 323000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lishui, 323000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quan Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lishui, 323000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lishui, 323000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zunjing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lishui, 323000, People’s Republic of China
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Yusuf SO, Chen P. Clinical characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia in children caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae with or without myocardial damage: A single-center retrospective study. World J Clin Pediatr 2023; 12:115-124. [PMID: 37342450 PMCID: PMC10278075 DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v12.i3.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is a prevalent pathogen that causes respiratory infections in children and adolescents.
AIM To assess the differences in the clinical features of MP-associated community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children who presented with mild or severe mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP); to identify the incidence of myocardial damage between the two groups.
METHODS This work is a retrospective study. We identified children between 2 mo and 16 years of age with clinical and radiological findings consistent with CAP. We admitted patients to the inpatient department of the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China, from January 2019 to December 2019.
RESULTS A total of 409 hospitalized patients were diagnosed with MPP. Among them were 214 (52.3%) males and 195 (47.7%) females. The duration of fever and cough was the longest in severe MPP cases. Similarly, plasma levels of highly sensitive C-reactive protein (t = -2.834, P < 0.05), alanine transaminase (t = -2.511, P < 0.05), aspartate aminotransferase (t = -2.939, P < 0.05), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (t = -2.939, P < 0.05) were all elevated in severe MPP cases compared with mild MPP cases, and these elevations were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conversely, the neutrophil percentage was significantly lower in severe MPP cases than in mild MPP cases. The incidence of myocardial damage was significantly higher in severe MPP cases than in mild MPP cases (χ2 = 157.078, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the main cause of CAP. The incidence of myocardial damage was higher and statistically significant in severe MPP cases than in mild MPP cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukri Omar Yusuf
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
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Hu HB, Shang XP, Wu JG, Cai YL. The Immunologic Profiles of Kawasaki Disease Triggered by Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2023; 42:376-384. [PMID: 36484731 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2022.2154133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We compared the immunologic characteristics of mycoplasma pneumoniae-triggered Kawasaki disease (MP-KD) with Kawasaki disease (KD) not associated with mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP), with mycoplasma pneumoniae-triggered Henoch-Schönlein purpura (MP-HSP), and with healthy controls. METHODS Complement levels, cellular and humoral immunity were assessed in KD, in MP-KD, in MP-HSP, and in healthy children. RESULTS Of 622 children with KD, 74 had MP-KD. Complement C3 and CD4/CD8 ratio were significantly increased in MP-KD compared to KD. C3, C4, and the ratio of CD4/CD8 in the MP-KD group were higher than those in the MP-HSP group. IgA and CD56 were lower in the MP-KD group than the MP-HSP group. CONCLUSIONS Both C3 and polyclonal CD4+ T lymphocytes may be activated in the patients with MP-KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bo Hu
- Department of Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Shang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First People's Hospital of Guangshui, Guangshui, China
| | - Jian-Gang Wu
- Department of Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Guangshui, Guangshui, China
| | - Ya-Ling Cai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First People's Hospital of Guangshui, Guangshui, China
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Fan F, Lv J, Yang Q, Jiang F. Clinical characteristics and serum inflammatory markers of community-acquired mycoplasma pneumonia in children. THE CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2023. [PMID: 37142438 PMCID: PMC10363789 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To compare the demographic and clinical features, laboratory and imaging findings in mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) children with non-MPP (NMPP) children and general MPP (GMPP) children with refractory MPP (RMPP) children and analysis the relationship with the severity of disease. METHODS The study included 265 children with MPP and 230 children with NMPP in the Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from 2020 to 2021. The children with MPP included RMPP (n = 85) and GMPP (n = 180). Demographic and clinical characteristics, laboratory and imaging findings of all children were measured as baseline data within 24 h after admission and the differences between MPP and NMPP, RMPP and GMPP patients were compared. ROC curves were used to evaluate the diagnostic and predictive value of different indicators for RMPP. RESULTS Fever duration and hospital stay in children with MPP were longer than those with NMPP. The number of patients with imaging features of pleural effusion, lung consolidation and bronchopneumonia in MPP group was significantly higher than that in NMPP group. Compared with NMPP group, the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), serum amyloid A (SAA), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), prothrombin time (PT), fibrinogen (FIB) and D-dimer and inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-1β) in MPP group were significantly higher (P < 0.05). The clinical symptoms and pulmonary imaging findings were more severe in RMPP group. The levels of white blood cell (WBC), CRP, PCT, SAA, ESR, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), LDH, ferritin, PT, FIB, D-dimer and inflammatory cytokines in RMPP group were higher than those in GMPP group. There was no significant difference in the level of lymphocyte subsets between the RMPP and GMPP group. IL-6, IL-10, LDH, PT, D-dimer and lung consolidation were independent risk factors for RMPP. IL-6 levels and LDH activity were good predictors of RMPP. CONCLUSION In conclusion, there were differences in clinical characteristics and serum inflammatory markers between MPP group and NMPP group, RMPP group and GMPP group. IL-6, IL-10, LDH, PT and D-dimer can be used as predictive indicators for RMPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Fan
- Department of Paediatrics, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Paediatrics, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianyuan Yang
- Department of Paediatrics, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Jiang
- Department of Paediatrics, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in adults. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21859. [PMID: 36528731 PMCID: PMC9759542 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26565-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to explore predictors of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) in adults and develop a nomogram predictive model in order to identify high-risk patients early. We retrospectively analysed the clinical data of a total of 337 adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and divided them into MPP and non-MPP groups according to whether they were infected with MP. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to screen independent predictors of MPP in adults and to developed a nomogram model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve, concordance index (C-index), and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used for the validation of the evaluation model. Finally, the nomogram was further evaluated by internal verification. Age, body temperature, dry cough, dizziness, CRP and tree-in-bud sign were independent predictors of MPP in adults (P < 0.05). The nomogram showed high accuracy with C-index of 0.836 and well-fitted calibration curves in both the training and validation sets. The area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) was 0.829 (95% CI 0.774-0.883) for the training set and 0.847 (95% CI 0.768-0.925) for the validation set. This nomogram prediction model can accurately predict the risk of MPP occurrence in adults, which helps clinicians identify high-risk patients at an early stage and make drug selection and clinical decisions.
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Hao M, Guo J, Lu J, Chang T, Yin Z. Correlation between Platelet miRNA Expression and Coagulation Function in Children with Severe Pneumonia. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:2826115. [PMID: 35783531 PMCID: PMC9242775 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2826115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the relationship between expression levels of platelet miRNAs and severe pneumonia (SP) in children. Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted in 129 children with SP hospitalized from May 2018 to May 2020. All children joined the study group and were divided into the mild infection group, moderate infection group, and severe infection group according to the diagnostic criteria, 43 cases in each group. Besides, 129 healthy children were selected as the control group. The expression levels of platelet miR-223 and miR-192 were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and fibrinogen (FIB) were detected by the Sysmex CA-1500 System (Sysmex Corporation, Japan). The Pearson analysis was conducted to evaluate the correlation between coagulation function and the levels of miR-223 and miR-192. Results Compared with the control group, miR-223 in the study group was significantly higher and miR-192 was significantly lower (P < 0.05). Compared with the mild infection group, miR-223 was significantly higher and miR-192 was significantly lower in the moderate infection group and severe infection group (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, PT and APTT were significantly lower and FIB was significantly higher in the study group (P < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis revealed that miR-223 was positively correlated with PT and APTT (P < 0.05) and negatively correlated with FIB (P < 0.05); miR-192 was negatively correlated with PT and APTT (P < 0.05) and positively correlated with FIB (P < 0.05). Conclusion miR-223 and miR-192 can reflect coagulation function in children with SP, which can provide a certain reference basis for clinical guidance and treatment and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Hao
- Department of Pediatrics, Hengshui People's Hospital, Hengshui, Hebei, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Hengshui People's Hospital, Hengshui, Hebei, China
| | - Jinying Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Hengshui People's Hospital, Hengshui, Hebei, China
| | - Taotao Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hengshui People's Hospital, Hengshui, Hebei, China
| | - Zhanru Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, Hengshui People's Hospital, Hengshui, Hebei, China
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