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Hong S, Li D, Wei Y, Zheng Y, Cai J, Zheng H, Zhang X, Deng Y, Han D, Wang J, Chen L, Li S, Qiu W, Ren M, Zou L. Epidemiology of respiratory pathogens in patients with acute respiratory tract infection in Xiamen, China: A retrospective survey from 2020 to 2022. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22302. [PMID: 38053876 PMCID: PMC10694312 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) are caused by respiratory pathogens and range from asymptomatic infections to severe respiratory diseases. These diseases can be life threatening with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Under the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), little has been reported about the pathogen etiologies and epidemiology of patients suffering from ARTI of all age in Xiamen. Region-specific surveillance in individuals with ARTI of all ages was performed in Xiamen from January 2020 to October 2022. Here, we observed the epidemiological characteristics of thirteen pathogens within ARTI patients and further revealed the difference of that between upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). In total 56.36 % (2358/4184) of the ARTI patients were positive for at least one respiratory pathogen. Rhinovirus (RVs, 29.22 %), influenza A (FluA, 19.59 %), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV, 18.36 %), metapneumovirus (MPV, 13.91 %), and adenovirus (ADV, 10.31 %) were the five leading respiratory pathogens. Respiratory pathogens displayed age- and season-specific patterns, even between URTI and LRTI. Compared with other groups, a higher proportion of FluA (52.17 % and 68.75 %, respectively) infection was found in the adult group and the elder group, while the lower proportion of RVs (14.11 % and 11.11 %) infection was also observed in them. Although ARTI cases circulated throughout the year, RVs, FluB, and BoV peaked in autumn, and FluA circulated more in summer. Besides, the co-infectious rate was 8.7 % with the most common for RVs. Logistic regression analyses revealed the correlations between respiratory pathogens and disease types. These results are essential for replenishing epidemiological characteristics of common respiratory pathogens that caused ARTI in Xiamen during the epidemic of COVID-19, and a better understanding of it might optimize the local prevention and clinical control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Digital Technology in Medical Diagnostics of Zhejiang Province, Dian Diagnostics Group Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanli Wei
- Department of General Practice, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yilin Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jiading Cai
- Department of General Practice, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Heping Zheng
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Digital Technology in Medical Diagnostics of Zhejiang Province, Dian Diagnostics Group Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yulin Deng
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Dandan Han
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Linlin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Shujing Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Weiping Qiu
- Department of General Practice, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Min Ren
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Liangneng Zou
- Department of General Practice, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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