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Overs J, Morgan S, Apputhurai P, Tuck C, Knowles SR. Comparing the prevalence and association between anxiety, depression and gastrointestinal symptoms in gastroparesis versus functional dyspepsia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychosom Res 2024; 183:111834. [PMID: 38896986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and associations between anxiety/depression, and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms across gastroparesis and functional dyspepsia. METHODS Twenty adult studies were identified through systematic searches of three databases (PubMed, CINAHL and PsycINFO) in September 2023. Meta-analysis was performed to estimate the pooled prevalence rates of anxiety and depression across gastroparesis and functional dyspepsia, and to determine whether the associations of anxiety/depression and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms differ in gastroparesis versus functional dyspepsia. RESULTS The overall pooled prevalence rate for anxiety was similar (χ2(1) = 2.45, p = .12) in gastroparesis (49%) and functional dyspepsia (29%). The overall pooled prevalence rate for depression in gastroparesis (39%), and functional dyspepsia (32%) was also similar (χ2(1) = 0.81, p = .37). No significant relationship between anxiety and GI symptoms (r = 0.11) or depression and GI symptoms (r = 0.16) was found in gastroparesis, whilst significant, though weak, positive relationships between anxiety and GI symptoms (r = 0.30) and depression and GI symptoms (r = 0.32) were found in functional dyspepsia. The association between GI symptoms and anxiety, but not depression, across gastroparesis and functional dyspepsia was found to be significant (χ2(1) = 5.22, p = .02). CONCLUSION Contributing to ongoing debate as to whether gastroparesis and functional dyspepsia are interchangeable syndromes, this review found that anxiety and depression prevalence was similar in both conditions. Psychological assessment and the utilisation of effective and holistic care in both conditions is therefore warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Overs
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Scott Morgan
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Pragalathan Apputhurai
- Department of Health Sciences and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Caroline Tuck
- Department of Nursing and Allied Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Simon R Knowles
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia.
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Yuan S, Shen Y, Liu J, Chen Z, Zheng L, Chen L, Chen H, Feng H, He H. Development of a Screening Tool for Common Mental Disorders Among General Hospital Inpatients in China. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:770255. [PMID: 35002799 PMCID: PMC8732762 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.770255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Depression and anxiety disorders are common conditions among general hospital inpatients, but are believed to be under-recognized in China. Methods: A short, practical questionnaire termed the happiness index scale (HIS) was developed for screening co-morbid mental disorders in non-psychiatric clinical settings. The HIS was completed by 1,005 non-psychiatric inpatients in a general hospital in China. The reliability and validity of the HIS were then assessed. Results: The HIS comprised eight items which loaded onto four dimensions: (a) sleep quality; (b) suicidal tendency; (c) depression; and (d) anxiety. These dimensions explained 84.2% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis showed reasonably good fit of the four-factor model (χ2/df = 1.27, p < 0.001, goodness-of-fit index = 0.95, comparative fit index = 0.99, root-mean-square error of approximation = 0.008). The correlation coefficients between each item and the corresponding factor were all > 0.5. Cronbach's α of the entire scale was 0.83, indicating good internal consistency. The area under the ROC curve was 0.95 compared with the original 31-item scale. Using the optimal cut-off score of HIS (mild happiness), the sensitivity and specificity were 0.933 and 0.882, respectively. Conclusions: The new HIS scale is a practical screening tool composed of eight items covering the four most common and important dimensions of mental disorder. The HIS exhibited good reliability and specificity. The HIS is potentially suitable for large-scale screening in busy non-psychiatric clinical settings in China. Further verification using larger samples is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yizhong Shen
- Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zilin Chen
- Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Lihao Chen
- Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Huiqiang Feng
- Health Commission of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongbo He
- Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Kajantie E, Johnson S, Heinonen K, Anderson PJ, Wolke D, Evensen KAI, Räikkönen K, Darlow BA, van der Pal S, Indredavik MS, Jaekel J, Hovi P, Morrison K, Verrips E, Doyle LW. Common Core Assessments in follow-up studies of adults born preterm-Recommendation of the Adults Born Preterm International Collaboration. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2021; 35:371-387. [PMID: 32990377 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Of all newborns, 1%-2% are born very preterm (VP; <32 weeks) or with very low birthweight (VLBW; ≤1500 g). Advances in prenatal and neonatal care have substantially improved their survival, and the first generations who have benefited from these advances are now entering middle age. While most lead healthy lives, on average these adults are characterised by a number of adversities. These include cardiometabolic risk factors, airway obstruction, less physical activity, poorer visual function, lower cognitive performance, and a behavioural phenotype that includes inattention and internalising and socially withdrawn behaviour that may affect life chances and quality of life. Outcomes in later adulthood are largely unknown, and identifying trajectories of risk or resilience is essential in developing targeted interventions. Joint analyses of data and maintenance of follow-up of cohorts entering adulthood are essential. Such analyses are ongoing within the Adults Born Preterm International Collaboration (APIC; www.apic-preterm.org). Joint analyses require data harmonisation, highlighting the importance of consistent assessment methodologies. OBJECTIVE To present an expert recommendation on Common Core Assessments to be used in follow-up assessments of adults born preterm. METHODS Principles of Common Core Assessments were discussed at APIC meetings. Experts for each specific outcome domain wrote the first draft on assessments pertaining to that outcome. These drafts were combined and reviewed by all authors. Consensus was reached by discussion at APIC meetings. RESULTS We present a recommendation by APIC experts on consistent measures to be used in adult follow-up assessments. CONCLUSIONS The recommendation encompasses both "core" measures which we recommend to use in all assessments of adults born preterm that include the particular outcome. This will allow comparability between time and location. The recommendation also lists optional measures, focusing on current gaps in knowledge. It includes sections on study design, cardiometabolic and related biomarkers, biological samples, life style, respiratory, ophthalmic, cognitive, mental health, personality, quality of life, sociodemographics, social relationships, and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eero Kajantie
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki and Oulu, Finland.,PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Samantha Johnson
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Kati Heinonen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peter J Anderson
- Turner Institute for Brain & Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Dieter Wolke
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Kari Anne I Evensen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Physiotherapy, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.,Unit for Physiotherapy Services, Trondheim Municipality, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Brian A Darlow
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Sylvia van der Pal
- Department of Child Health, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marit S Indredavik
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Julia Jaekel
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki and Oulu, Finland.,Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Department of Child and Family Studies, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Petteri Hovi
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki and Oulu, Finland.,Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Katherine Morrison
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Erik Verrips
- Department of Child Health, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lex W Doyle
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Research Office, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and of Paediatrics, The Royal Women's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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Reich K, Nemeth LS, Mueller M, Sternke LM, Acierno R. Does Psychosocial Functioning Improve With Prolonged Exposure in Veterans With PTSD?: Exploring Traditional and Home-Based Telehealth Delivery Methods. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2020; 59:31-40. [PMID: 33095268 DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20201015-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The current study explored whether prolonged exposure (PE), delivered in person or via home-based telehealth, had a therapeutic effect on psychosocial functioning in combat Veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The effects of home-based telehealth on these metrics were also evaluated. In addition, we examined whether race, type of war conflict, and service-connected disability rating moderated the effect of PE on psychosocial functioning and whether PTSD, anxiety, and/or depression mediated the effect of PE on psychosocial functioning. We did not find moderating or mediating effects in our study. Improvements in PTSD, depression, and anxiety were associated with improvements in psychosocial functioning. We did not identify statistically significant differences in scores representing change in overall and each domain of psychosocial functioning between groups. Within-group analysis indicated psychosocial functioning improved in both groups but was mostly not statistically significant. However, some clinically relevant improvement may have occurred. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 59(2), 31-40.].
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5
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Glisenti K, Strodl E, King R. Emotion-focused therapy for binge-eating disorder: A review of six cases. Clin Psychol Psychother 2018; 25:842-855. [PMID: 30118179 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to provide preliminary evidence of the usefulness of emotion-focused therapy (EFT) for binge-eating disorder (BED). METHODS We used a single-subject design in which 12 weeks of individual EFT were applied nonconcurrently to six female adult participants with BED, following three weekly baseline sessions. Participants were assessed for binge-eating psychopathology and emotion regulation difficulties on a weekly basis during baseline and treatment. They were assessed on a 2-, 4-, and 8-week basis during posttreatment, and they were assessed for binge-eating episodes, eating disorder attitudes, alexithymia, and psychiatric comorbidity at pretreatment and posttreatment. RESULTS All cases experienced reliable recovery from binge-eating psychopathology and a significant decrease in binge-eating frequency. For all cases, there was reliable improvement or recovery on eating and shape concerns, and there was improvement on weight concern for the majority of cases. For all cases, reliable recovery or improvement occurred in overall emotion regulation. Most cases that were in the clinical range pretreatment recovered for anxiety, and reliable improvement in or recovery from depression occurred for all cases. There was reliable recovery or improvement in alexithymia for half of the cases; however, the other half experienced no change or deteriorated. There were no treatment dropouts. CONCLUSION Individual EFT demonstrates potential as a psychological treatment for BED. The current study provides preliminary evidence to guide the development of a more extensive trial to test the efficacy of individual EFT for BED as well as to identify possible mechanisms of change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Glisenti
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Esben Strodl
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robert King
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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6
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Jeon SW, Han C, Ko YH, Yoon S, Pae CU, Choi J, Kim JM, Yoon HK, Lee H, Patkar AA, Zimmerman M. A Korean validation study of the Clinically Useful Anxiety Outcome Scale: Comorbidity and differentiation of anxiety and depressive disorders. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179247. [PMID: 28604808 PMCID: PMC5467904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the Clinically Useful Anxiety Outcome Scale (CUXOS) and to examine the current diagnostic comorbidity and differential severity of anxiety symptoms between major depressive disorder (MDD) and anxiety disorders. Methodology In total, 838 psychiatric outpatients were analyzed at their intake appointment. Diagnostic characteristics were examined using the structured clinical interview from the DSM-IV because the DSM5 was not available at the start of the study. The CUXOS score was measured and compared with that of 3 clinician rating scales and 4 self-report scales. Principal findings The CUXOS showed excellent results for internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.90), test–retest reliability (r = 0.74), and discriminant and convergent validity. The CUXOS significantly discriminated between different levels of anxiety severity, and the measure was sensitive to change after treatment. Approximately 45% of patients with MDD were additionally diagnosed with anxiety disorders while 55% of patients with anxiety disorders additionally reported an MDD. There was a significant difference in CUXOS scores between diagnostic categories (MDD only, anxiety only, both disorders, and no MDD or anxiety disorder). The CUXOS scores differed significantly between all categories of depression (major, minor, and non-depression) except for the comparison between minor depression and non-depression groups. Conclusions The Korean version of the CUXOS is a reliable and valid measure of the severity of anxiety symptoms. The use of the CUXOS could broaden the understanding of coexisting and differentiating characteristics of anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Won Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsu Han
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Young-Hoon Ko
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoyoung Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Un Pae
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonho Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Guri Hospital, Guri, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Kyoung Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoseon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Andrew’s Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Icheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ashwin A. Patkar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Mark Zimmerman
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University School of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
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7
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Ivanets NN, Kinkulkina MA, Avdeeva TI, Iziumina TA. [The possibility of using standardized self-report anxiety and depression scales in elderly patients: Depression scales/questionnaires in elderly]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2016; 116:51-59. [PMID: 27845317 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201611610151-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study possibilities of using depression scales in elderly patients, evaluate the parameters of their reliability and validity and develop practical recommendations on the use of these scales in clinical practice. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 234 patients, aged over 50 years, with anxious depression. The following scales/questionnaires BDI, GDS-15, CES-D-10, CES-D-20, ZDS and HADS-D were used at baseline and 12 weeks after treatment. Data analysis included the calculation of convergent, discriminative and diagnostic validity of depression scales/questionnaires in elderly. RESULTS All scales are effective for the diagnosis of depression in elderly people. The possibility of using these scales in patients with mild cognitive impairment is shown. An increase of the correlation between the scores on depression and anxiety scales up to the loss of discriminative validity of «double» scales/questionnaires by the alternative set of symptoms for the diagnosis of depression and anxiety was confirmed. CONCLUSION Based on the RESULTS: the authors have developed common and specific for each scale recommendations on the optimal use of depression scales/questionnaires in elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N Ivanets
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - M A Kinkulkina
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - T I Avdeeva
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - T A Iziumina
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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8
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Haslacher H, Michlmayr M, Batmyagmar D, Perkmann T, Ponocny-Seliger E, Scheichenberger V, Pilger A, Dal-Bianco P, Lehrner J, Pezawas L, Wagner O, Winker R. Physical exercise counteracts genetic susceptibility to depression. Neuropsychobiology 2016; 71:168-75. [PMID: 25998702 DOI: 10.1159/000381350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Depression is a highly prevalent disorder in elderly individuals. A genetic variant (rs6265) of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) impacting on emotion processing is known to increase the risk for depression. We aim to investigate whether intensive endurance sports might attenuate this genetic susceptibility in a cohort of elderly marathon athletes. METHODS Fifty-five athletes and 58 controls were included. rs6265 of the BDNF gene was genotyped by the TaqMan method. Depressive symptoms were assessed by standardized self-rating tests (BDI = Beck Depression Inventory, GDS = Geriatric Depression Scale). RESULTS In multivariable analysis of BDI and GDS scores, the interaction between group (athletes vs. controls) and genotypes ([C];[C] vs. [C];[T] + [T];[T]) was found to be statistically significant (BDI: p = 0.027, GDS: p = 0.013). Among [C];[C] carriers, merely controls had an increased relative risk of 3.537 (95% CI = 1.276-9.802) of achieving a subclinical depression score ≥10 on the BDI. There was no such effect in carriers of the [T] allele. In a multivariable binary logistic regression, genetic information, group (athletes/controls), but no information on rs6265 allele carrier status presented as a significant predictor of BDI scores ≥10. CONCLUSION Physical exercise positively affects BDNF effects on mood. Since 66Met BDNF secretion is impaired, this effect seems to be much stronger in [C];[C] homozygous individuals expressing the 66Val variant. This confirms that genetic susceptibility to depressive symptoms can indeed be influenced by endurance sports in elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmuth Haslacher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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9
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Ivanets NN, Kinkulkina MA, Avdeeva TI, Sysoeva VP. The possibility of using standardized self-report anxiety and depression scales in elderly patients: anxiety scales/questionnaires. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2016; 116:31-41. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20161166131-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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10
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Psychometric properties of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) and its short-form (GAI-SF) in a clinical and non-clinical sample of older adults. Int Psychogeriatr 2015; 27:1089-97. [PMID: 25111285 PMCID: PMC4501012 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610214001586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Geriatric Anxiety Inventory is a 20-item geriatric-specific measure of anxiety severity. While studies suggest good internal consistency and convergent validity, divergent validity from measures of depression are weak. Clinical cutoffs have been developed that vary across studies due to the small clinical samples used. A six-item short form (GAI-SF) has been developed, and while this scale is promising, the research assessing the psychometrics of this scale is limited. METHODS This study examined the psychometric properties of GAI and GAI-SF in a large sample of 197 clinical geriatric participants with a comorbid anxiety and unipolar mood disorder, and a non-clinical control sample (N = 59). RESULTS The internal consistency and convergent validity with other measures of anxiety was adequate for GAI and GAI-SF. Divergent validity from depressive symptoms was good in the clinical sample but weak in the total and non-clinical samples. Divergent validity from cognitive functioning was good in all samples. The one-factor structure was replicated for both measures. Receiver Operating Characteristic analyses indicated that the GAI is more accurate at identifying clinical status than the GAI-SF, although the sensitivity and specificity for the recommended cutoffs was adequate for both measures. CONCLUSIONS Both GAI and GAI-SF show good psychometric properties for identifying geriatric anxiety. The GAI-SF may be a useful alternative screening measure for identifying anxiety in older adults.
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Wanderley D, Moura Filho AG, Costa Neto JJS, Siqueira GR, de Oliveira DA. Analysis of dimensions, activation and median frequency of cervical flexor muscles in young women with migraine or tension-type headache. Braz J Phys Ther 2015; 19:243-50. [PMID: 26083605 PMCID: PMC4518578 DOI: 10.1590/bjpt-rbf.2014.0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Central and peripheral mechanisms may be involved in migraine and tension-type
headache pathogenesis, however the role of muscle disorders in their
pathophysiological mechanisms remains unclear. Objectives: To assess the association between the presence of migraine or tension-type
headache and changes in longus colli muscle dimensions and sternocleidomastoid
muscle activity. Method: An observational study with 48 women comparing the following groups: migraine
(n=21), tension-type headache (n=16), and control (n=11). The cross-sectional
area, lateral and anteroposterior dimensions, and shape ratio of the longus colli
muscle were measured using ultrasound. The activation of the sternocleidomastoid
muscle was assessed by signal amplitude and the decline in median frequency using
surface electromyographic analysis. Results: The dimensions of the longus colli muscle did not differ between groups
(p>0.05). Post-test analysis showed lower sternocleidomastoid muscle activation
on both sides, at the onset of contraction, in the group with tension-type
headache when compared to the control group {right sternocleidomastoid
[tension-type headache: 0.39 (0.30-0.49); control: 0.58 (0.42-0.76); p=0.026] and
left sternocleidomastoid [tension-type headache: 0.39 (0.31-0.48); control: 0.60
(0.42-0.79); p=0.039], Tukey's post hoc test}. There was no difference between the
three groups in sternocleidomastoid muscle activation, on both sides, at the end
of contraction (p>0.05). Intergroup analysis showed no difference in the rate
of decline in median frequency (p>0.05). Conclusion: The group with tension-type headache exhibited less activation at the onset of
sternocleidomastoid muscle contraction. No association was observed between the
presence of headache and alterations in longus colli muscle dimensions, median
frequency, and sternocleidomastoid muscle activation at the end of contraction.
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Kaiser N, Ruong T, Renberg ES. Experiences of being a young male Sami reindeer herder: a qualitative study in perspective of mental health. Int J Circumpolar Health 2013; 72:20926. [PMID: 23853764 PMCID: PMC3709367 DOI: 10.3402/ijch.v72i0.20926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To explore experiences of what it is to be a young male Sami reindeer herder in Sweden, a group with previously known stigma and specific health issues, and to understand experiences in perspective of mental health. Methods A qualitative content analysis was employed. Data were collected by in-depth interviews with 15 strategically selected reindeer herders aged 18–35 years old. Results The analysis resulted in 5 sub-themes: (a) being “inside” or “outside” is a question of identity; (b) a paradox between being free/bound; (c) an experience of various threats and a feeling of powerlessness; (d) specific norms for how a “real” reindeer herder should be; and (e) the different impacts and meanings of relations. The overarching theme is summarized thus: being a young reindeer herder means so many (impossible) dreams and conditions. Overall, the experience of the informants was that being a reindeer herder is a privileged position that also implies many impossibilities and unjust adversities they have no control over, and that there is nothing they can do but “bite the bullet or be a failure.” Conclusions Knowledge about this group's experiences can be used to understand difficulties faced by young reindeer herders and its consequences regarding mental health problems. This also implies a need for a broader perspective when discussing future interventions aimed at preventing mental health problems in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niclas Kaiser
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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Stover CS, Urdahl A, Easton C. Depression as a mediator of the association between substance abuse and negative parenting of fathers. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2012; 38:344-9. [PMID: 22243417 DOI: 10.3109/00952990.2011.649221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of substance abuse (SA) and depression on paternal parenting has recently gained attention in the research literature. Both SA and depression have been associated with negative parenting in fathers, but studies to date have not examined the mediating role that depression may play in the association of SA and fathering. METHODS SA, depression, and parenting data were reported by 87 fathers presenting for SA evaluation. Bootstrap mediation modeling was conducted to determine the role of depression on the association between SA and negative parenting. RESULTS Depression is a significant mediator of the relationship between the severity of fathers' drug use and hostile-aggressive parenting behaviors. Fathers who had concerns about parenting or wanted help to improve the parent-child relationship had significantly higher symptoms of depression. CONCLUSIONS Depressive symptoms in fathers entering SA treatment have implications for both the severity of drug abuse and negative parenting behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Smith Stover
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Child Study Center, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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