1
|
Gong Q, Wang P, Li T, Yu Z, Yang L, Wu C, Hu J, Yang F, Zhang X, Li X. Novel NQO1 substrates bearing two nitrogen redox centers: Design, synthesis, molecular dynamics simulations, and antitumor evaluation. Bioorg Chem 2023; 134:106480. [PMID: 36958178 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
By analyzing the crystal structure of NQO1, an additional binding region for the ligand was discovered. In this study, a series of derivatives with a novel skeleton bearing two nitrogen redox centers were designed by introducing amines or hydrazines to fit with the novel binding region of NQO1. Compound 24 with a (4-fluorophenyl)hydrazine substituent was identified as the most efficient substrate for NQO1 with the reduction rate and catalytic efficiency of 1972 ± 82 μmol NADPH/min/μmol NQO1 and 6.4 ± 0.4 × 106 M-1s-1, respectively. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation revealed that the distances between the nitrogen atom of the redox centers and the key Tyr128 and Tyr126 residues were 3.5 Å (N1-Tyr128) and 3.4 Å (N2-Tyr126), respectively. Compound 24 (IC50/A549 = 0.69 ± 0.09 μM) showed potent antitumor activity against A549 cells both in vitro and in vivo through ROS generation via NQO1-mediated redox cycling, leading to a promising NQO1-targeting antitumor candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qijie Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, and Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, and Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Tian Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, and Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zhan Yu
- The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of NJMU, Nanjing Medical University (NJMU), Nanjing 211199, China; Jiangning Clinical Medical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing 211100, China.
| | - Le Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, and Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Chenyang Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, and Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jiabao Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, and Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Fulai Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, and Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Xiaojin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, and Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gong Q, Yu Q, Wang N, Hu J, Wang P, Yang F, Li T, You Q, Li X, Zhang X. Application of cation-π interactions in enzyme-substrate binding: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular dynamics insights of novel hydrophilic substrates for NQO1. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 221:113515. [PMID: 33984806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cation-π interaction is a type of noncovalent interaction formed between the π-electron system and the positively charged ion or moieties. In this study, we designed a series of novel NQO1 substrates by introducing aliphatic nitrogen-containing side chains to fit with the L-shaped pocket of NQO1 by the formation of cation-π interactions. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation indicated that the basic N atom in the side chain of NQO1 substrates, which is prone to be protonated under physiological conditions, can form cation-π interactions with the Phe232 and Phe236 residues of the NQO1 enzyme. Compound 4 with a methylpiperazinyl substituent was identified as the most efficient substrate for NQO1 with the reduction rate and catalytic efficiency of 1263 ± 61 μmol NADPH/min/μmol NQO1 and 2.8 ± 0.3 × 106 M-1s-1, respectively. Notably, compound 4 exhibited increased water solubility (110 μg/mL) compared to that of β-lap (43 μg/mL), especially under acidic condition (pH = 3, solubility > 1000 μg/mL). Compound 4 (IC50/A549 = 2.4 ± 0.6 μM) showed potent antitumor activity against NQO1-rich cancer cells through ROS generation via NQO1-mediated redox cycling. These results emphasized that the application of cation-π interactions by introducing basic aliphatic amine moiety is beneficial for both the water solubility and the NQO1-substrate binding, leading to promising NQO1-targeting antitumor candidates with improved druglike properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qijie Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China; Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Quanwei Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China; Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jiabao Hu
- Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Fulai Yang
- Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Qidong You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Xiaojin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China; Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gong Q, Hu J, Wang P, Li X, Zhang X. A comprehensive review on β-lapachone: Mechanisms, structural modifications, and therapeutic potentials. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 210:112962. [PMID: 33158575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
β-Lapachone (β-lap, 1), an ortho-naphthoquinone natural product isolated from the lapacho tree (Tabebuia avellanedae) in many regions of South America, has received extensive attention due to various pharmacological activities, such as antitumor, anti-Trypanosoma cruzi, anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis, antibacterial, and antimalarial activities. Related mechanisms of β-lap have been widely investigated for a full understanding of its therapeutic potentials. Numerous derivatives of β-lap have been reported with aims to generate new chemical entities, improve the corresponding biological potency, and overcome disadvantages of its physical and chemical properties and safety profiles. This review will give insight into the pharmacological mechanisms of β-lap and provide a comprehensive understanding of its structural modifications with regard to different therapeutic potentials. The available clinical trials related to β-lap and its derivatives are also summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qijie Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, And Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jiabao Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, And Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Xiaojin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, And Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
de Carvalho RL, Jardim GAM, Santos ACC, Araujo MH, Oliveira WXC, Bombaça ACS, Menna‐Barreto RFS, Gopi E, Gravel E, Doris E, da Silva Júnior EN. Combination of Aryl Diselenides/Hydrogen Peroxide and Carbon‐Nanotube/Rhodium Nanohybrids for Naphthol Oxidation: An Efficient Route towards Trypanocidal Quinones. Chemistry 2018; 24:15227-15235. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renato L. de Carvalho
- Institute of Exact SciencesDepartment of ChemistryFederal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG 31270-901 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Guilherme A. M. Jardim
- Institute of Exact SciencesDepartment of ChemistryFederal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG 31270-901 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Augusto C. C. Santos
- Institute of Exact SciencesDepartment of ChemistryFederal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG 31270-901 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Maria H. Araujo
- Institute of Exact SciencesDepartment of ChemistryFederal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG 31270-901 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Willian X. C. Oliveira
- Institute of Exact SciencesDepartment of ChemistryFederal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG 31270-901 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | | | | | - Elumalai Gopi
- Service de Chimie Bioorganique et de Marquage (SCBM)CEAUniversité Paris-Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Edmond Gravel
- Service de Chimie Bioorganique et de Marquage (SCBM)CEAUniversité Paris-Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Eric Doris
- Service de Chimie Bioorganique et de Marquage (SCBM)CEAUniversité Paris-Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Eufrânio N. da Silva Júnior
- Institute of Exact SciencesDepartment of ChemistryFederal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG 31270-901 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Detremmerie CMS, Leung SWS, Vanhoutte PM. Activation of NQO-1 mediates the augmented contractions of isolated arteries due to biased activity of soluble guanylyl cyclase in their smooth muscle. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 391:1221-1235. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1548-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
6
|
Löcken H, Clamor C, Müller K. Napabucasin and Related Heterocycle-Fused Naphthoquinones as STAT3 Inhibitors with Antiproliferative Activity against Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:1636-1644. [PMID: 30003778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Napabucasin (6) and its angularly anellated isomer (7), for which the synthesis is described, together with related plant-derived naphthoquinones, were evaluated in vitro against human breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) and chronic myelogenous leukemia (K562) cells. As observed for β-lapachone (3), the active naphthoquinones all induced apoptosis in a cell-cycle-independent fashion. In contrast to the pyran-fused β-lapachone (3), however, the most potent furan-fused naphthoquinones were able to redox cycle and generate superoxide in cell-based assays, which was independent of NAD(P)H:quinone oxido-reductase 1. In a homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) assays with MDA-MB-231 cells, both napabucasin (6) and isonapabucasin (7) were identified as targeting STAT3 phosphorylation. In addition, drug affinity responsive target stability assays were performed to validate a direct interaction of the naphthoquinones with STAT3. Isonapabucasin (7) turned out to be twice as potent against STAT3 as napabucasin (6) in the HTRF assay, with an EC50 in the submicromolar range, which was in excellent agreement with the potency of both agents to inhibit the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells. Moreover, molecular docking experiments predicted different binding modes to the STAT3 SH2 domain for the linearly anellated napabucasin (6) and its angularly anellated isomer (7).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hauke Löcken
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, PharmaCampus , Westphalian Wilhelms University , Corrensstraße 48 , D-48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Cinzia Clamor
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, PharmaCampus , Westphalian Wilhelms University , Corrensstraße 48 , D-48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Klaus Müller
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, PharmaCampus , Westphalian Wilhelms University , Corrensstraße 48 , D-48149 Münster , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Quinonoid compounds via reactions of lawsone and 2-aminonaphthoquinone with α-bromonitroalkenes and nitroallylic acetates: Structural diversity by C-ring modification and cytotoxic evaluation against cancer cells. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 151:686-704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
8
|
On the synthesis of quinone-based BODIPY hybrids: New insights on antitumor activity and mechanism of action in cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4446-4456. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
9
|
da Cruz EHG, Silvers MA, Jardim GAM, Resende JM, Cavalcanti BC, Bomfim IS, Pessoa C, de Simone CA, Botteselle GV, Braga AL, Nair DK, Namboothiri INN, Boothman DA, da Silva Júnior EN. Synthesis and antitumor activity of selenium-containing quinone-based triazoles possessing two redox centres, and their mechanistic insights. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 122:1-16. [PMID: 27341379 PMCID: PMC5003678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Selenium-containing quinone-based 1,2,3-triazoles were synthesized using click chemistry, the copper catalyzed azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, and evaluated against six types of cancer cell lines: HL-60 (human promyelocytic leukemia cells), HCT-116 (human colon carcinoma cells), PC3 (human prostate cells), SF295 (human glioblastoma cells), MDA-MB-435 (melanoma cells) and OVCAR-8 (human ovarian carcinoma cells). Some compounds showed IC50 values < 0.3 μM. The cytotoxic potential of the quinones evaluated was also assayed using non-tumor cells, exemplified by peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMC), V79 and L929 cells. Mechanistic role for NAD(P)H Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) was also elucidated. These compounds could provide promising new lead derivatives for more potent anticancer drug development and delivery, and represent one of the most active classes of lapachones reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo H G da Cruz
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Molly A Silvers
- Departments of Pharmacology and Radiation Oncology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Road, Dallas, TX, 75390-8807, USA
| | - Guilherme A M Jardim
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jarbas M Resende
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruno C Cavalcanti
- National Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, CEP 60180-900, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Igor S Bomfim
- National Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, CEP 60180-900, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Claudia Pessoa
- National Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, CEP 60180-900, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Fiocruz-Ceará, CEP 60180-900, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Carlos A de Simone
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, 13560-160, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Giancarlo V Botteselle
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Antonio L Braga
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Divya K Nair
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400 076, India
| | | | - David A Boothman
- Departments of Pharmacology and Radiation Oncology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Road, Dallas, TX, 75390-8807, USA
| | - Eufrânio N da Silva Júnior
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Braun J, Meixner A, Brachner A, Foisner R. The GIY-YIG Type Endonuclease Ankyrin Repeat and LEM Domain-Containing Protein 1 (ANKLE1) Is Dispensable for Mouse Hematopoiesis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152278. [PMID: 27010503 PMCID: PMC4807109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ankyrin repeat and LEM-domain containing protein 1 (ANKLE1) is a GIY-YIG endonuclease with unknown functions, mainly expressed in mouse hematopoietic tissues. To test its potential role in hematopoiesis we generated Ankle1-deficient mice. Ankle1Δ/Δ mice are viable without any detectable phenotype in hematopoiesis. Neither hematopoietic progenitor cells, myeloid and lymphoid progenitors, nor B and T cell development in bone marrow, spleen and thymus, are affected in Ankle1Δ/Δ-mice. Similarly embryonic stress erythropoiesis in liver and adult erythropoiesis in bone marrow and spleen appear normal. To test whether ANKLE1, like the only other known GIY-YIG endonuclease in mammals, SLX1, may contribute to Holliday junction resolution during DNA repair, Ankle1-deficient cells were exposed to various DNA-damage inducing agents. However, lack of Ankle1 did not affect cell viability and, unlike depletion of Slx1, Ankle1-deficiency did not increase sister chromatid exchange in Bloom helicase-depleted cells. Altogether, we show that lack of Ankle1 does neither affect mouse hematopoiesis nor DNA damage repair in mouse embryonic fibroblasts, indicating a redundant or non-essential function of ANKLE1 in mouse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Braun
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories (MFPL), Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Arabella Meixner
- IMBA-Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Brachner
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories (MFPL), Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland Foisner
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories (MFPL), Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wu YT, Lin CY, Tsai MY, Chen YH, Lu YF, Huang CJ, Cheng CM, Hwang SPL. β-Lapachone induces heart morphogenetic and functional defects by promoting the death of erythrocytes and the endocardium in zebrafish embryos. J Biomed Sci 2011; 18:70. [PMID: 21936955 PMCID: PMC3197495 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-18-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background β-Lapachone has antitumor and wound healing-promoting activities. To address the potential influences of various chemicals on heart development of zebrafish embryos, we previously treated zebrafish embryos with chemicals from a Sigma LOPAC1280™ library and found several chemicals including β-lapachone that affected heart morphogenesis. In this study, we further evaluated the effects of β-lapachone on zebrafish embryonic heart development. Methods Embryos were treated with β-lapachone or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at 24 or 48 hours post fertilization (hpf) for 4 h at 28°C. Heart looping and valve development was analyzed by whole-mount in situ hybridization and histological analysis. For fractional shortening and wall shear stress analyses, AB and Tg (gata1:DsRed) embryos were recorded for their heart pumping and blood cell circulations via time-lapse fluorescence microscopy. Dextran rhodamine dye injection into the tail reticular cells was used to analyze circulation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was analyzed by incubating embryos in 5-(and 6-)-chloromethyl-2',7'-dichloro-dihydrofluorescein diacetate (CM-H2DCFDA) and recorded using fluorescence microscopy. o-Dianisidine (ODA) staining and whole mount in situ hybridization were used to analyze erythrocytes. TUNEL assay was used to examine DNA fragmentation. Results We observed a linear arrangement of the ventricle and atrium, bradycardia arrhythmia, reduced fractional shortening, circulation with a few or no erythrocytes, and pericardial edema in β-lapachone-treated 52-hpf embryos. Abnormal expression patterns of cmlc2, nppa, BMP4, versican, and nfatc1, and histological analyses showed defects in heart-looping and valve development of β-lapachone-treated embryos. ROS production was observed in erythrocytes and DNA fragmentation was detected in both erythrocytes and endocardium of β-lapachone-treated embryos. Reduction in wall shear stress was uncovered in β-lapachone-treated embryos. Co-treatment with the NQO1 inhibitor, dicoumarol, or the calcium chelator, BAPTA-AM, rescued the erythrocyte-deficiency in circulation and heart-looping defect phenotypes in β-lapachone-treated embryos. These results suggest that the induction of apoptosis of endocardium and erythrocytes by β-lapachone is mediated through an NQO1- and calcium-dependent pathway. Conclusions The novel finding of this study is that β-lapachone affects heart morphogenesis and function through the induction of apoptosis of endocardium and erythrocytes. In addition, this study further demonstrates the importance of endocardium and hemodynamic forces on heart morphogenesis and contractile performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Wu
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li LS, Bey EA, Dong Y, Meng J, Patra B, Yan J, Xie XJ, Brekken RA, Barnett CC, Bornmann WG, Gao J, Boothman DA. Modulating endogenous NQO1 levels identifies key regulatory mechanisms of action of β-lapachone for pancreatic cancer therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:275-85. [PMID: 21224367 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths, in which the 5-year survival rate is less than 5%. Current standard of care therapies offer little selectivity and high toxicity. Novel, tumor-selective approaches are desperately needed. Although prior work suggested that β-lapachone (β-lap) could be used for the treatment of pancreatic cancers, the lack of knowledge of the compound's mechanism of action prevented optimal use of this agent. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We examined the role of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) in β-lap-mediated antitumor activity, using a series of MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer clones varying in NQO1 levels by stable shRNA knockdown. The antitumor efficacy of β-lap was determined using an optimal hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextran (HPβ-CD) vehicle formulation in metastatic pancreatic cancer models. RESULTS β-Lap-mediated cell death required ∼90 enzymatic units of NQO1. Essential downstream mediators of lethality were as follows: (i) reactive oxygen species (ROS); (ii) single-strand DNA breaks induced by ROS; (iii) poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 (PARP1) hyperactivation; (iv) dramatic NAD(+)/ATP depletion; and (v) programmed necrosis. We showed that 1 regimen of β-lap therapy (5 treatments every other day) efficaciously regressed and reduced human pancreatic tumor burden and dramatically extended the survival of athymic mice, using metastatic pancreatic cancer models. CONCLUSIONS Because NQO1 enzyme activities are easily measured and commonly overexpressed (i.e., >70%) in pancreatic cancers 5- to 10-fold above normal tissue, strategies using β-lap to efficaciously treat pancreatic cancers are indicated. On the basis of optimal drug formulation and efficacious antitumor efficacy, such a therapy should be extremely safe and not accompanied with normal tissue toxicity or hemolytic anemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Shan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dong Y, Bey EA, Li LS, Kabbani W, Yan J, Xie XJ, Hsieh JT, Gao J, Boothman DA. Prostate cancer radiosensitization through poly(ADP-Ribose) polymerase-1 hyperactivation. Cancer Res 2010; 70:8088-96. [PMID: 20940411 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-1418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The clinical experimental agent, β-lapachone (β-lap; Arq 501), can act as a potent radiosensitizer in vitro through an unknown mechanism. In this study, we analyzed the mechanism to determine whether β-lap may warrant clinical evaluation as a radiosensitizer. β-Lap killed prostate cancer cells by NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) metabolic bioactivation, triggering a massive induction of reactive oxygen species, irreversible DNA single-strand breaks (SSB), poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) hyperactivation, NAD(+)/ATP depletion, and μ-calpain-induced programmed necrosis. In combination with ionizing radiation (IR), β-lap radiosensitized NQO1(+) prostate cancer cells under conditions where nontoxic doses of either agent alone achieved threshold levels of SSBs required for hyperactivation of PARP-1. Combination therapy significantly elevated SSB level, γ-H2AX foci formation, and poly(ADP-ribosylation) of PARP-1, which were associated with ATP loss and induction of μ-calpain-induced programmed cell death. Radiosensitization by β-lap was blocked by the NQO1 inhibitor dicoumarol or the PARP-1 inhibitor DPQ. In a mouse xenograft model of prostate cancer, β-lap synergized with IR to promote antitumor efficacy. NQO1 levels were elevated in ∼60% of human prostate tumors evaluated relative to adjacent normal tissue, where β-lap might be efficacious alone or in combination with radiation. Our findings offer a rationale for the clinical utilization of β-lap (Arq 501) as a radiosensitizer in prostate cancers that overexpress NQO1, offering a potentially synergistic targeting strategy to exploit PARP-1 hyperactivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Dong
- Departments of Pharmacology, Radiation Oncology, Pathology, Biostatistics and Clinical Sciences, and Urology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8807, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Emadi A, Ross AE, Cowan KM, Fortenberry YM, Vuica-Ross M. A chemical genetic screen for modulators of asymmetrical 2,2'-dimeric naphthoquinones cytotoxicity in yeast. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10846. [PMID: 20520766 PMCID: PMC2877097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dimeric naphthoquinones (BiQ) were originally synthesized as a new class of HIV integrase inhibitors but have shown integrase-independent cytotoxicity in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines suggesting their use as potential anti-neoplastic agents. The mechanism of this cytotoxicity is unknown. In order to gain insight into the mode of action of binaphthoquinones we performed a systematic high-throughput screen in a yeast isogenic deletion mutant array for enhanced or suppressed growth in the presence of binaphthoquinones. Methodology/Principal findings Exposure of wild type yeast strains to various BiQs demonstrated inhibition of yeast growth with IC50s in the µM range. Drug sensitivity and resistance screens were performed by exposing arrays of a haploid yeast deletion mutant library to BiQs at concentrations near their IC50. Sensitivity screens identified yeast with deletions affecting mitochondrial function and cellular respiration as having increased sensitivity to BiQs. Corresponding to this, wild type yeast grown in the absence of a fermentable carbon source were particularly sensitive to BiQs, and treatment with BiQs was shown to disrupt the mitochondrial membrane potential and lead to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, baseline ROS production in BiQ sensitive mutant strains was increased compared to wild type and could be further augmented by the presence of BiQ. Screens for resistance to BiQ action identified the mitochondrial external NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, NDE1, as critical to BiQ toxicity and over-expression of this gene resulted in increased ROS production and increased sensitivity of wild type yeast to BiQ. Conclusions/Significance In yeast, binaphthoquinone cytotoxicity is likely mediated through NAD(P)H:quonine oxidoreductases leading to ROS production and dysfunctional mitochondria. Further studies are required to validate this mechanism in mammalian cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Emadi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ashley E. Ross
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kathleen M. Cowan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yolanda M. Fortenberry
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Milena Vuica-Ross
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sala A, Bettuzzi S, Pucci S, Chayka O, Dews M, Thomas-Tikhonenko A. Regulation of CLU gene expression by oncogenes and epigenetic factors implications for tumorigenesis. Adv Cancer Res 2010; 105:115-32. [PMID: 19879426 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-230x(09)05007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In no other field has the function of clusterin (CLU) been more controversial than in cancer genetics. After more than 20 years of research, there is still uncertainty with regard to the role of CLU in human cancers. Some investigators believe CLU to be an oncogene, others-an inhibitor of tumorigenesis. However, owing to the recent efforts of several laboratories, the role of CLU in important cellular processes like proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and transformation is beginning to emerge. The "enigmatic" CLU is becoming less so. In this chapter, we will review the work of research teams interested in understanding how CLU is regulated by oncogenic signaling. We will discuss how and under what circumstances oncogenes and epigenetic factors modify CLU expression, with important consequences for mammalian tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Sala
- Molecular Haematology and Cancer Biology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Araki S, Eitel JA, Batuello CN, Bijangi-Vishehsaraei K, Xie XJ, Danielpour D, Pollok KE, Boothman DA, Mayo LD. TGF-beta1-induced expression of human Mdm2 correlates with late-stage metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Invest 2009; 120:290-302. [PMID: 19955655 DOI: 10.1172/jci39194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2009] [Accepted: 10/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The E3 ubiquitin ligase human murine double minute (HDM2) is overexpressed in 40%-80% of late-stage metastatic cancers in the absence of gene amplification. Hdm2 regulates p53 stability via ubiquitination and has also been implicated in altering the sensitivity of cells to TGF-beta1. Whether TGF-beta1 signaling induces Hdm2 expression leading to HDM2-mediated destabilization of p53 has not been investigated. In this study, we report that TGF-beta1-activated SMA- and MAD3 (Smad3/4) transcription factors specifically bound to the second promoter region of HDM2, leading to increased HDM2 protein expression and destabilization of p53 in human cancer cell lines. Additionally, TGF-beta1 expression led to Smad3 activation and murine double minute 2 (Mdm2) expression in murine mammary epithelial cells during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Furthermore, histological analyses of human breast cancer samples demonstrated that approximately 65% of late-stage carcinomas were positive for activated Smad3 and HDM2, indicating a strong correlation between TGF-beta1-mediated induction of HDM2 and late-stage tumor progression. Identification of Hdm2 as a downstream target of TGF-beta1 represents a critical prosurvival mechanism in cancer progression and provides another point for therapeutic intervention in late-stage cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinako Araki
- Department of Oncology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390-8807, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hakkoum D, Imhof A, Vallet PG, Boze H, Moulin G, Charnay Y, Stoppini L, Aronow B, Bouras C, Giannakopoulos P. Clusterin increases post-ischemic damages in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. J Neurochem 2008; 106:1791-803. [PMID: 18554319 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05519.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Clusterin or apolipoprotein J is a heterodimeric glycoprotein which is known to be increased during tissue involution in response to hormonal changes or injury and under circumstances leading to apoptosis. Previous studies in wild-type (WT) and clusterin-null (Clu-/-) mice indicated a protective role of clusterin over-expression in astrocytes lasting up to 90 days post-ischemia. However, in in vitro and in vivo models of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia, clusterin exacerbates necrotic cell death. We developed recombinant forms of clusterin and examined their effect on propidium iodide uptake, neuronal and synaptic markers as well as electrophysiological recordings in hippocampal slice cultures from Clu-/- and WT mice subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). WT mice displayed a marked up-regulation of clusterin associated with electrophysiological deficits and dramatic increase of propidium iodide uptake 5 days post-OGD. Immunocytochemical and western blot analyses revealed a substantial decrease of neuronal nuclei and synaptophysin immunoreactivity that predominated in WT mice. These findings contrasted with the relative post-OGD resistance of Clu-/- mice. The addition of biologically active recombinant forms of human clusterin for 24 h post-OGD led to the abolishment of the ischemic tolerance in Clu-/- slices. This deleterious effect of clusterin was reverted by the concomitant administration of the NMDA receptor antagonist, d-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoate. The present data indicate that in an in vitro model of ischemia characterized by the predominance of NMDA-mediated cell death, clusterin exerts a negative effect on the structural integrity and functionality of hippocampal neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Hakkoum
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
|