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Yao X, Kong X, Ren J, Cui Y, Chen S, Cheng J, Gao J, Sun J, Xu X, Hu W, Li H, Che F, Wan Q. Transcranial direct-current stimulation confers neuroprotection by regulating isoleucine-dependent signalling after rat cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 58:3330-3346. [PMID: 37452630 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Isoleucine is a branched chain amino acid. The role of isoleucine in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury remains unclear. Here, we show that the concentration of isoleucine is decreased in cerebrospinal fluid in a rat model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). To our surprise, the level of intraneuronal isoleucine is increased in an in vitro model of cerebral ischemia injury, the oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). We found that the increased activity of LAT1, an L-type amino acid transporter 1, leads to the elevation of intraneuronal isoleucine after OGD insult. Reducing the level of intraneuronal isoleucine promotes cell survival after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, but supplementing isoleucine aggravates the neuronal damage. To understand how isoleucine promotes ischemia-induced neuronal death, we reveal that isoleucine acts upstream to reduce the expression of CBFB (core binding factor β, a transcript factor involved in cell development and growth) and that the phosphatase PTEN acts downstream of CBFB to mediate isoleucine-induced neuronal damage after OGD insult. Interestingly, we demonstrate that direct-current stimulation reduces the level of intraneuronal isoleucine in cortical cultures subjected to OGD and that transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) decreases the cerebral infarct volume of MCAO rat through reducing LAT1-depencent increase of intraneuronal isoleucine. Together, these results lead us to conclude that LAT1 over activation-dependent isoleucine-CBFB-PTEN signal transduction pathway may mediate ischemic neuronal injury and that tDCS exerts its neuroprotective effect by suppressing LAT1 over activation-dependent signalling after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujin Yao
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangyi Kong
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinyang Ren
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Cui
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Songfeng Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingchen Gao
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiangdong Sun
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangyu Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenjie Hu
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huanting Li
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fengyuan Che
- Central Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital, Qingdao University, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Qi Wan
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Gui-Hong Intelligent Medical Technology Co. Ltd, Qingdao, China
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Khan AS, Campbell KJ, Cameron ER, Blyth K. The RUNX/CBFβ Complex in Breast Cancer: A Conundrum of Context. Cells 2023; 12:641. [PMID: 36831308 PMCID: PMC9953914 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dissecting and identifying the major actors and pathways in the genesis, progression and aggressive advancement of breast cancer is challenging, in part because neoplasms arising in this tissue represent distinct diseases and in part because the tumors themselves evolve. This review attempts to illustrate the complexity of this mutational landscape as it pertains to the RUNX genes and their transcription co-factor CBFβ. Large-scale genomic studies that characterize genetic alterations across a disease subtype are a useful starting point and as such have identified recurring alterations in CBFB and in the RUNX genes (particularly RUNX1). Intriguingly, the functional output of these mutations is often context dependent with regards to the estrogen receptor (ER) status of the breast cancer. Therefore, such studies need to be integrated with an in-depth understanding of both the normal and corrupted function in mammary cells to begin to tease out how loss or gain of function can alter the cell phenotype and contribute to disease progression. We review how alterations to RUNX/CBFβ function contextually ascribe to breast cancer subtypes and discuss how the in vitro analyses and mouse model systems have contributed to our current understanding of these proteins in the pathogenesis of this complex set of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adiba S. Khan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Rd, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; (A.S.K.); (K.J.C.)
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Kirsteen J. Campbell
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Rd, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; (A.S.K.); (K.J.C.)
| | - Ewan R. Cameron
- School of Biodiversity One Health & Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK;
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Rd, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; (A.S.K.); (K.J.C.)
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
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Cancer-Associated Exosomal CBFB Facilitates the Aggressive Phenotype, Evasion of Oxidative Stress, and Preferential Predisposition to Bone Prometastatic Factor of Breast Cancer Progression. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:8446629. [PMID: 35903297 PMCID: PMC9325341 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8446629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Despite therapeutic advancements, metastasis remains a major cause in breast cancer-specific mortality. Breast cancer cells are susceptible to oxidative damage and exhibit high levels of oxidative stress, including protein damage, DNA damage, and lipid peroxidation. Some breast cancer risk factors may change the level of endogenous oxidative stress. Circulating exosomes play critical roles in tumorigenesis, distant metastasis, and poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer. Methods. We used an online database to analyze the expression and prognostic value of core binding factor subunit β (CBFB) and oxidative stress–related targets in patients with breast cancer. Serum from healthy controls and patients with primary breast cancer or bone metastatic breast cancer in the bone was collected. Exosomes were isolated from the sera or cell culture media. We used an MDA-MB-436-innoculated tumor xenograft mouse model for silencing CBFB. Results. Circulating exosomes from patients with breast cancer metastasis to the bone were rich in CBFB. The human mammary fibroblast cells HMF3A and fibroblasts derived from patient samples cocultured with exosomes had increased α-SMA and vimentin expression and IL-6 and OPN secretion. Similarly, nonmetastatic breast cancer cells cocultured with exosomes exhibited increased levels of certain markers, including vimentin, snail1, CXCR4, and Runx2, and the exosomes had high CBFB expression. Silencing CBFB in metastatic MDA-MB-436 and MDA-MB-157 cells resulted in suppressed migration and invasion and downregulation of vimentin, CXCR4, snail1, Runx2, CD44, and OPN. Conversely, CBFB overexpression resulted in upregulation of Runx2, vimentin, snail1, CD44, and OPN in nonmetastatic T47D and MCF12A cells. The CBFB-rich exosomes derived from MDA-MB-436 cells induced enhanced metastatic phenotypes in the low-metastatic T47D and MCF12A cell lines. Conclusion. Our results revealed that CBFB may promote bone metastasis in patients with breast cancer. Of therapeutic relevance, targeting CBFB resulted in decreased tumor burden and bone metastasis, downregulation of bone metastasis markers, and impaired regulation of oxidative stress–related proteins NAE1 and NOS1.
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AM22, a novel synthetic microRNA, inhibits the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells by targeting core binding factor subunit β (CBFB). Invest New Drugs 2022; 40:469-477. [PMID: 34985594 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-021-01208-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies have revealed the important roles of the nonseed regions of microRNAs (miRNAs) in gene regulation, which provided novel insight into the development of miRNA analogs for cancer therapy. Here, we altered each nucleotide in the nonseed region of miR-34a and obtained novel synthetic miRNA analogs. Among them, AM22, with a base alteration from G to C at the 17th nucleotide of miR-34a, showed extensive antiproliferative activity against several colorectal tumor cell lines and achieved effective inhibition of core binding factor subunit β (CBFB) expression. Subsequent investigations demonstrated that AM22 directly targeted CBFB by binding to its 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR). Inhibition of CBFB showed obvious antiproliferative activity on HCT-116 and SW620 cells. Furthermore, the antiproliferative effects of AM22 on these cells were also measured in xenograft mouse models. In conclusion, this study identified AM22 as a potential antitumor miRNA by targeting CBFB and provided a new design approach for miRNA-based cancer treatment by changing the nonseed region of miRNA.
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Wang C, Shi Z, Zhang Y, Li M, Zhu J, Huang Z, Zhang J, Chen J. CBFβ promotes colorectal cancer progression through transcriptionally activating OPN, FAM129A, and UPP1 in a RUNX2-dependent manner. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:3176-3192. [PMID: 34050318 PMCID: PMC8563980 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00810-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is commonly associated with aberrant transcription regulation, but characteristics of the dysregulated transcription factors in CRC pathogenesis remain to be elucidated. In the present study, core-binding factor β (CBFβ) is found to be significantly upregulated in human CRC tissues and correlates with poor survival rate of CRC patients. Mechanistically, CBFβ is found to promote CRC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and inhibit cell apoptosis in a RUNX2-dependent way. Transcriptome studies reveal that CBFβ and RUNX2 form a transcriptional complex that activates gene expression of OPN, FAM129A, and UPP1. Furthermore, CBFβ significantly promotes CRC tumor growth and live metastasis in a mouse xenograft model and a mouse liver metastasis model. In addition, tumor-suppressive miR-143/145 are found to inhibit CBFβ expression by specifically targeting its 3'-UTR region. Consistently, an inverse correlation between miR-143/miR-145 and CBFβ expression levels is present in CRC patients. Taken together, this study uncovers a novel regulatory role of CBFβ-RUNX2 complex in the transcriptional activation of OPN, FAM129A, and UPP1 during CRC development, and may provide important insights into CRC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XState Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ziyu Shi
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XState Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yuqian Zhang
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XState Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Mingyue Li
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XState Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jie Zhu
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XState Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhen Huang
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XState Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XState Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jiangning Chen
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XState Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China ,grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XState Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
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Ashe H, Krakowiak P, Hasterok S, Sleppy R, Roller DG, Gioeli D. Role of the runt-related transcription factor (RUNX) family in prostate cancer. FEBS J 2021; 288:6112-6126. [PMID: 33682350 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a very complex disease that is a major cause of death in men worldwide. Currently, PCa dependence on the androgen receptor (AR) has resulted in use of AR antagonists and antiandrogen therapies that reduce endogenous steroid hormone production. However, within two to three years of receiving first-line androgen deprivation therapy, the majority of patients diagnosed with PCa progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). There is an urgent need for therapies that are more durable than antagonism of the AR axis. Studies of runt-related transcription factors (RUNX) and their heterodimerization partner, core-binding factor subunit b (CBFβ), are revealing that the RUNX family are drivers of CRPC. In this review, we describe what is presently understood about RUNX members in PCa, including what regulates and is regulated by RUNX proteins, and the role of RUNX proteins in the tumor microenvironment and AR signaling. We discuss the implications for therapeutically targeting RUNX, the potential for RUNX as PCa biomarkers, and the current pressing questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Ashe
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Patryk Krakowiak
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Sylwia Hasterok
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Rosalie Sleppy
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Devin G Roller
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Daniel Gioeli
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Abstract
Chordoma is a rare cancer in children and understanding the genesis of this tumor may contribute to treatment approaches. Evidence has proposed VDC/IE (vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide/ifosfamide, etoposide) as a treatment option for young patients with chordoma to avoid the long-term effects of radiation therapy. We present a case of acute myeloid leukemia developing during treatment of localized chordoma of the clivus in a 20-month-old male. We propose a genomic relationship that may have contributed to the development of clival chordoma and acute myeloid leukemia without a latency period and advocate for genomic sequencing in children with chordoma before the initiation of systemic therapies.
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Yang C, Huang X, Li Y, Chen J, Lv Y, Dai S. Prognosis and personalized treatment prediction in TP53-mutant hepatocellular carcinoma: an in silico strategy towards precision oncology. Brief Bioinform 2020; 22:5891146. [PMID: 32789496 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbaa164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
TP53 mutation is one of the most common genetic changes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is of great clinical significance to tailor specialized prognostication approach and to explore more therapeutic options for TP53-mutant HCCs. In this study, a total of 1135 HCC patients were retrospectively analyzed. We developed a random forest-based prediction model to estimate TP53 mutational status, tackling the problem of limited sample size in TP53-mutant HCCs. A multi-step process was performed to develop robust poor prognosis-associated signature (PPS). Compared with previous established population-based signatures, PPS manifested superior ability to predict survival in TP53-mutant patients. After in silico screening of 2249 drug targets and 1770 compounds, we found that three targets (CANT1, CBFB and PKM) and two agents (irinotecan and YM-155) might have potential therapeutic implications in high-PPS patients. The results of drug targets prediction and compounds prediction complemented each other, presenting a comprehensive view of potential treatment strategy. Overall, our study has not only provided new insights into personalized prognostication approaches, but also thrown light on integrating tailored risk stratification with precision therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Xiaowen Huang
- Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Junfei Chen
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lv
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Shixue Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, South China University of Technology, China
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Guo L, Chen B, Zhang G, Wang Y, Cao L, Ren C, Wen L, Lin J, Wei G, Liao N. The transcription factor CBFB mutations indicate an improved survival in HR+/HER2- breast cancer. Gene 2020; 759:144970. [PMID: 32711101 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a critical transcription factor, CBFB (core binding factor subunit β) is frequently mutated in breast cancer and considered to be of significance in the pathogenesis of cancer. The objective of this study was to investigate CBFB mutation profiles and the relationship between CBFB mutations and clinicopathologic characteristics in breast cancer. METHODS A total of 671 treatment-naive Chinese patients with invasive breast cancer at Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (GDPH) were recruited in this study. CBFB mutation status were detected using the method of capture-based targeted sequencing. Correlation between CBFB mutations and clinicopathologic features were analyzed. Then, we compared the results between Chinese and western population by using Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) cohort (n = 1979) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort (n = 925). RESULTS The prevalence of CBFB mutation in GDPH cohort, METABRIC cohort, and TCGA cohort was 4.6% (31/671), 4.6% (92/1979), 2.5% (23/925), respectively. A hotspot mutation due to nucleotide thymine duplication or deletion occurring at the exon2/3 junction was detected in the GDPH and METABRIC cohorts. CBFB mutations were found to be significantly associated with the subtype of HR+/HER2- breast cancer (P = 0.008 in GDPH cohort and P<0.001 in METABRIC cohort), lower tumor grade (P = 0.004 in GDPH cohort and P<0.001 in METABRIC cohort), lower expression of Ki-67 protein (P<0.001 in GDPH cohort), but we didn't find similar results in TCGA cohort. In addition, CBFB in GDPH cohort was observed at a rather high mutation rate in invasive lobular carcinomas (4/18, 22.2%). Further, cox multivariate analysis demonstrated that CBFB was of independent prognosis significance in HR+/HER2- subgroup in METABRIC cohort (HR, 0.562; 95% CI, 0.399-0.790; P = 0.001). CONCLUSION This study reveals race diversity of CBFB mutation spectrum in breast cancers. CBFB mutations mainly occur in HR+/HER2- breast cancer, and it may be a promising prognostic biomarker in HR+/HER2- subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Guo
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Breast Disease Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guochun Zhang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulei Wang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chongyang Ren
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingzhu Wen
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiali Lin
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangnan Wei
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Liao
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
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Dhadve AC, Hari K, Rekhi B, Jolly MK, De A, Ray P. Decoding molecular interplay between RUNX1 and FOXO3a underlying the pulsatile IGF1R expression during acquirement of chemoresistance. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165754. [PMID: 32142859 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hyperactive Insulin like growth factor-1-receptor (IGF1R) signalling is associated with development of therapy resistance in many cancers. We recently reported a pulsatile nature of IGF1R during acquirement of platinum-taxol resistance in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC) cells and a therapy induced upregulation in IGF1R expression in tumors of a small cohort of high grade serous EOC patients. Here, we report Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) as a novel transcriptional regulator which along with another known regulator Forkhead Box O3 (FOXO3a), drives the dynamic modulation of IGF1R expression during platinum-taxol resistance development in EOC cells. RUNX1-FOXO3a cooperatively bind to IGF1R promoter and produce a transcriptional surge during onset of resistance and such co-operativity falls apart when cells attain maximal resistance resulting in decreased IGF1R expression. The intriguing descending trend in IGF1R and FOXO3a expressions is caused by a Protein Kinase B (AKT)-FOXO3a negative feedback loop exclusively present in the highly resistant cells eliciting the pulsatile behaviour of IGF1R and FOXO3a. In vivo molecular imaging revealed that RUNX1 inhibition causes significant attenuation of the IGF1R promoter activity, decreased tumorigenicity and enhanced drug sensitivity of tumors of early resistant cells. Altogether our findings delineate a dynamic interplay between several molecular regulators driving pulsatile IGF1R expression and identify a new avenue for targeting EOC through RUNX1-IGF1R axis during acquirement of chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit C Dhadve
- Imaging Cell Signaling & Therapeutics Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Kishore Hari
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Bharat Rekhi
- Tata Memorial Hospital, Dr. E Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Abhijit De
- Molecular Functional Imaging Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Pritha Ray
- Imaging Cell Signaling & Therapeutics Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India.
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Anjitha R, Antony A, Shilpa O, Anupama KP, Mallikarjunaiah S, Gurushankara HP. Malathion induced cancer-linked gene expression in human lymphocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 182:109131. [PMID: 32069766 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malathion is the most widely used organophosphate pesticide in agriculture. Increasing cancer incidence in agricultural workers and their children links to the exposure of malathion. Identification of genes involved in the process of carcinogenesis is essential for exploring the role of malathion. The alteration in gene expression by malathion in human lymphocytes has not been explored yet, although hematological malignancies are rampant in humans. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the malathion induced expression of cancer associated genes in human lymphocytes. METHODS Human lymphocyte viability and colony-forming ability were analyzed in malathion treated and control groups. Gene expression profile in control and malathion treated human lymphocytes were performed using a microarray platform. The genes which have significant functions and those involved in different pathways were analyzed using the DAVID database. Differential gene expression upon malathion exposure was validated by quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR. RESULTS Malathion caused a concentration-dependent reduction in human lymphocyte viability. At low concentration (50 μg/mL) of malathion treatment, human lymphocytes were viable indicating that low concentration of malathion is not cytotoxic and induces the colony formation. Total of 659 genes (15%) were up regulated and 3729 genes (85%) were down regulated in malathion treated human lymphocytes. About 57 cancer associated genes related to the growth and differentiation of B and T cells, immunoglobulin production, haematopoiesis, tumor suppression, oncogenes and signal transduction pathways like MAPK and RAS were induced by malathion. CONCLUSION This study evidences the carcinogenic nature of malathion. Low concentration of this pesticide is not cytotoxic and induces differentially regulated genes in human lymphocytes, which are involved in the initiation, progression, and pathogenesis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishnan Anjitha
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Periya, 671 320, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| | - Anet Antony
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Periya, 671 320, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| | - Olakkaran Shilpa
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Periya, 671 320, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| | - Kizhakke P Anupama
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Periya, 671 320, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| | - Shanthala Mallikarjunaiah
- Center for Applied Genetics, Department of Studies in Zoology, Bangalore University, Jnanabharathi, Bengaluru, 560 056, Karnataka, India
| | - Hunasanahally P Gurushankara
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Periya, 671 320, Kasaragod, Kerala, India.
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12
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Feng Y, Liao Y, Zhang J, Shen J, Shao Z, Hornicek F, Duan Z. Transcriptional activation of CBFβ by CDK11 p110 is necessary to promote osteosarcoma cell proliferation. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:125. [PMID: 31610798 PMCID: PMC6792216 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0440-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant expression of cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDK) is a hallmark of cancer. CDK11 plays a crucial role in cancer cell growth and proliferation. However, the molecular mechanisms of CDK11 and CDK11 transcriptionally regulated genes are largely unknown. METHODS In this study, we performed a global transcriptional analysis using gene array technology to investigate the transcriptional role of CDK11 in osteosarcoma. The promoter luciferase assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, and Gel Shift assay were used to identify direct transcriptional targets of CDK11. Clinical relevance and function of core-binding factor subunit beta (CBFβ) were further accessed in osteosarcoma. RESULTS We identified a transcriptional role of protein-DNA interaction for CDK11p110, but not CDK11p58, in the regulation of CBFβ expression in osteosarcoma cells. The CBFβ promoter luciferase assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, and Gel Shift assay confirmed that CBFβ is a direct transcriptional target of CDK11. High expression of CBFβ is associated with poor outcome in osteosarcoma patients. Expression of CBFβ contributes to the proliferation and metastatic behavior of osteosarcoma cells. CONCLUSIONS These data establish CBFβ as a mediator of CDK11p110 dependent oncogenesis and suggest that targeting the CDK11- CBFβ pathway may be a promising therapeutic strategy for osteosarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Feng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022 China
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. S, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Yunfei Liao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022 China
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. S, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. S, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Jacson Shen
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. S, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Francis Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. S, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. S, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
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13
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Alegre F, Ormonde AR, Godinez DR, Illendula A, Bushweller JH, Wittenburg LA. The interaction between RUNX2 and core binding factor beta as a potential therapeutic target in canine osteosarcoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 18:52-63. [PMID: 31381810 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma remains the most common primary bone tumour in dogs with half of affected dogs unable to survive 1 year beyond diagnosis. New therapeutic options are needed to improve outcomes for this disease. Recent investigations into potential therapeutic targets have focused on cell surface molecules with little clear therapeutic benefit. Transcription factors and protein interactions represent underdeveloped areas of therapeutic drug development. We have utilized allosteric inhibitors of the core binding factor transcriptional complex, comprised of core binding factor beta (CBFβ) and RUNX2, in four canine osteosarcoma cell lines Active inhibitor compounds demonstrate anti-tumour activities with concentrations demonstrated to be achievable in vivo while an inactive, structural analogue has no activity. We show that CBFβ inhibitors are capable of inducing apoptosis, inhibiting clonogenic cell growth, altering cell cycle progression and impeding migration and invasion in a cell line-dependent manner. These effects coincide with a reduced interaction between RUNX2 and CBFβ and alterations in expression of RUNX2 target genes. We also show that addition of CBFβ inhibitors to the commonly used cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs doxorubicin and carboplatin leads to additive and/or synergistic anti-proliferative effects in canine osteosarcoma cell lines. Taken together, we have identified the interaction between components of the core binding factor transcriptional complex, RUNX2 and CBFβ, as a potential novel therapeutic target in canine osteosarcoma and provide justification for further investigations into the anti-tumour activities we describe here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Alegre
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Amanda R Ormonde
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Dayn R Godinez
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Anuradha Illendula
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - John H Bushweller
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Luke A Wittenburg
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
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14
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Carlton AL, Illendula A, Gao Y, Llaneza DC, Boulton A, Shah A, Rajewski RA, Landen CN, Wotton D, Bushweller JH. Small molecule inhibition of the CBFβ/RUNX interaction decreases ovarian cancer growth and migration through alterations in genes related to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Gynecol Oncol 2018; 149:350-360. [PMID: 29551565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ovarian cancer survival and treatment have improved minimally in the past 20years. Novel treatment strategies are needed to combat this disease. This study investigates the effects of chemical inhibition of the CBFβ/RUNX protein-protein interaction on ovarian cancer cell lines. METHODS Ovarian cancer cell lines were treated with CBFβ/RUNX inhibitors, and the effects on proliferation, DNA replication, wound healing, and anchorage-independent growth were measured. RNA-Seq was performed on compound-treated cells to identify differentially expressed genes. Genes altered by compound treatment were targeted with siRNAs, and effects on DNA replication and wound healing were measured. RESULTS Chemical inhibition of the CBFβ/RUNX interaction decreases ovarian cancer cell proliferation. Inhibitor treatment leads to an S-phase cell cycle delay, as indicated by an increased percentage of cells in S-phase, and a decreased DNA replication rate. Inhibitor treatment also reduces wound healing and anchorage-independent growth. RNA-Seq on compound-treated cells revealed changes in a small number of genes related to proliferation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. siRNA-mediated knockdown of INHBA and MMP1 - two genes whose expression decreases with compound treatment - slowed DNA replication and impaired wound healing. CONCLUSIONS Chemical inhibition of the CBFβ/RUNX interaction is a viable strategy for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne L Carlton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Anuradha Illendula
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Danielle C Llaneza
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Adam Boulton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Anant Shah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Center for Cell Signaling, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Roger A Rajewski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Charles N Landen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - David Wotton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Center for Cell Signaling, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - John H Bushweller
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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15
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Kim MS, Gernapudi R, Choi EY, Lapidus RG, Passaniti A. Characterization of CADD522, a small molecule that inhibits RUNX2-DNA binding and exhibits antitumor activity. Oncotarget 2017; 8:70916-70940. [PMID: 29050333 PMCID: PMC5642608 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The RUNX2 transcription factor promotes breast cancer growth and metastasis through interactions with a variety of cofactors that activate or repress target genes. Using a direct drug discovery approach we identified CADD522 as a small molecule that inhibits the DNA binding of the runt box domain protein, RUNX2. The current study defines the effect of CADD522 on breast cancer growth and metastasis, and addresses the mechanisms by which it exerts its anti-tumor activity. CADD522 treatment resulted in significant growth inhibition, clonogenic survival, tumorsphere formation, and invasion of breast cancer cells. CADD522 negatively regulated transcription of RUNX2 target genes such as matrix metalloproteinase-13, vascular endothelial growth factor and glucose transporter-1, but upregulated RUNX2 expression by increasing RUNX2 stability. CADD522 reduced RUNX2-mediated increases in glucose uptake and decreased the level of CBF-β and RUNX2 phosphorylation at the S451 residue. These results suggest several potential mechanisms by which CADD522 exerts an inhibitory function on RUNX2-DNA binding; interference with RUNX2 for the DNA binding pocket, inhibition of glucose uptake leading to cell cycle arrest, down-regulation of CBF-β, and reduction of S451-RUNX2 phosphorylation. The administration of CADD522 into MMTV-PyMT mice resulted in significant delay in tumor incidence and reduction in tumor burden. A significant decrease of tumor volume was also observed in a CADD522-treated human triple-negative breast cancer-patient derived xenograft model. CADD522 impaired the lung retention and outgrowth of breast cancer cells in vivo with no apparent toxicity to the mice. Therefore, by inhibiting RUNX2-DNA binding, CADD522 may represent a potential antitumor drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Sook Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The Veteran's Health Administration Research & Development Service, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ramkishore Gernapudi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eun Yong Choi
- The Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rena G Lapidus
- The Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Antonino Passaniti
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The Veteran's Health Administration Research & Development Service, Baltimore, MD, USA
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16
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RUNX transcription factors at the interface of stem cells and cancer. Biochem J 2017; 474:1755-1768. [PMID: 28490659 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The RUNX1 transcription factor is a critical regulator of normal haematopoiesis and its functional disruption by point mutations, deletions or translocations is a major causative factor leading to leukaemia. In the majority of cases, genetic changes in RUNX1 are linked to loss of function classifying it broadly as a tumour suppressor. Despite this, several recent studies have reported the need for a certain level of active RUNX1 for the maintenance and propagation of acute myeloid leukaemia and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cells, suggesting an oncosupportive role of RUNX1. Furthermore, in solid cancers, RUNX1 is overexpressed compared with normal tissue, and RUNX factors have recently been discovered to promote growth of skin, oral, breast and ovarian tumour cells, amongst others. RUNX factors have key roles in stem cell fate regulation during homeostasis and regeneration of many tissues. Cancer cells appear to have corrupted these stem cell-associated functions of RUNX factors to promote oncogenesis. Here, we discuss current knowledge on the role of RUNX genes in stem cells and as oncosupportive factors in haematological malignancies and epithelial cancers.
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17
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Yang M, Topaloglu U, Petty WJ, Pagni M, Foley KL, Grant SC, Robinson M, Bitting RL, Thomas A, Alistar AT, Desnoyers RJ, Goodman M, Albright C, Porosnicu M, Vatca M, Qasem SA, DeYoung B, Kytola V, Nykter M, Chen K, Levine EA, Staren ED, D'Agostino RB, Petro RM, Blackstock W, Powell BL, Abraham E, Pasche B, Zhang W. Circulating mutational portrait of cancer: manifestation of aggressive clonal events in both early and late stages. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:100. [PMID: 28472989 PMCID: PMC5418716 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0468-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solid tumors residing in tissues and organs leave footprints in circulation through circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor DNAs (ctDNA). Characterization of the ctDNA portraits and comparison with tumor DNA mutational portraits may reveal clinically actionable information on solid tumors that is traditionally achieved through more invasive approaches. METHODS We isolated ctDNAs from plasma of patients of 103 lung cancer and 74 other solid tumors of different tissue origins. Deep sequencing using the Guardant360 test was performed to identify mutations in 73 clinically actionable genes, and the results were associated with clinical characteristics of the patient. The mutation profiles of 37 lung cancer cases with paired ctDNA and tumor genomic DNA sequencing were used to evaluate clonal representation of tumor in circulation. Five lung cancer cases with longitudinal ctDNA sampling were monitored for cancer progression or response to treatments. RESULTS Mutations in TP53, EGFR, and KRAS genes are most prevalent in our cohort. Mutation rates of ctDNA are similar in early (I and II) and late stage (III and IV) cancers. Mutation in DNA repair genes BRCA1, BRCA2, and ATM are found in 18.1% (32/177) of cases. Patients with higher mutation rates had significantly higher mortality rates. Lung cancer of never smokers exhibited significantly higher ctDNA mutation rates as well as higher EGFR and ERBB2 mutations than ever smokers. Comparative analysis of ctDNA and tumor DNA mutation data from the same patients showed that key driver mutations could be detected in plasma even when they were present at a minor clonal population in the tumor. Mutations of key genes found in the tumor tissue could remain in circulation even after frontline radiotherapy and chemotherapy suggesting these mutations represented resistance mechanisms. Longitudinal sampling of five lung cancer cases showed distinct changes in ctDNA mutation portraits that are consistent with cancer progression or response to EGFR drug treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that ctDNA mutation rates in the key tumor-associated genes are clinical parameters relevant to smoking status and mortality. Mutations in ctDNA may serve as an early detection tool for cancer. This study quantitatively confirms the hypothesis that ctDNAs in circulation is the result of dissemination of aggressive tumor clones and survival of resistant clones. This study supports the use of ctDNA profiling as a less-invasive approach to monitor cancer progression and selection of appropriate drugs during cancer evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yang
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, 300060, Tianjin, China.,Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Umit Topaloglu
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - W Jeffrey Petty
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine-Section of Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Matthew Pagni
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Kristie L Foley
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Stefan C Grant
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine-Section of Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Mac Robinson
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Rhonda L Bitting
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine-Section of Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Alexandra Thomas
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine-Section of Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Angela T Alistar
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine-Section of Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Rodwige J Desnoyers
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine-Section of Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Michael Goodman
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine-Section of Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Carol Albright
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine-Section of Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Mercedes Porosnicu
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine-Section of Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Mihaela Vatca
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine-Section of Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Shadi A Qasem
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Barry DeYoung
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Ville Kytola
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Institute for Biosciences and Medical Technology, University of Tampere, 33520, Tampere, Finland.,Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Matti Nykter
- Institute for Biosciences and Medical Technology, University of Tampere, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kexin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, 300060, Tianjin, China
| | - Edward A Levine
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Department of General Surgery-Section of Surgical Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Edgar D Staren
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Department of General Surgery-Section of Surgical Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Ralph B D'Agostino
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Robin M Petro
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine-Section of Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - William Blackstock
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Bayard L Powell
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine-Section of Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Edward Abraham
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Boris Pasche
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA. .,Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA. .,Department of Internal Medicine-Section of Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA. .,Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA. .,Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA. .,Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA. .,Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA. .,Cancer Genomics and Precision Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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18
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Ampuja M, Rantapero T, Rodriguez-Martinez A, Palmroth M, Alarmo EL, Nykter M, Kallioniemi A. Integrated RNA-seq and DNase-seq analyses identify phenotype-specific BMP4 signaling in breast cancer. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:68. [PMID: 28077088 PMCID: PMC5225521 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) plays an important role in cancer pathogenesis. In breast cancer, it reduces proliferation and increases migration in a cell line-dependent manner. To characterize the transcriptional mediators of these phenotypes, we performed RNA-seq and DNase-seq analyses after BMP4 treatment in MDA-MB-231 and T-47D breast cancer cells that respond to BMP4 with enhanced migration and decreased cell growth, respectively. Results The RNA-seq data revealed gene expression changes that were consistent with the in vitro phenotypes of the cell lines, particularly in MDA-MB-231, where migration-related processes were enriched. These results were confirmed when enrichment of BMP4-induced open chromatin regions was analyzed. Interestingly, the chromatin in transcription start sites of differentially expressed genes was already open in unstimulated cells, thus enabling rapid recruitment of transcription factors to the promoters as a response to stimulation. Further analysis and functional validation identified MBD2, CBFB, and HIF1A as downstream regulators of BMP4 signaling. Silencing of these transcription factors revealed that MBD2 was a consistent activator of target genes in both cell lines, CBFB an activator in cells with reduced proliferation phenotype, and HIF1A a repressor in cells with induced migration phenotype. Conclusions Integrating RNA-seq and DNase-seq data showed that the phenotypic responses to BMP4 in breast cancer cell lines are reflected in transcriptomic and chromatin levels. We identified and experimentally validated downstream regulators of BMP4 signaling that relate to the different in vitro phenotypes and thus demonstrate that the downstream BMP4 response is regulated in a cell type-specific manner. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3428-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ampuja
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland. .,Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.
| | - T Rantapero
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - A Rodriguez-Martinez
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - M Palmroth
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - E L Alarmo
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - M Nykter
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - A Kallioniemi
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
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Zhang Y, Cai Q, Shu XO, Gao YT, Li C, Zheng W, Long J. Whole-Exome Sequencing Identifies Novel Somatic Mutations in Chinese Breast Cancer Patients. J Mol Genet Med 2015; 9. [PMID: 26870154 PMCID: PMC4747093 DOI: 10.4172/1747-0862.1000183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Most breast cancer genomes harbor complex mutational landscapes. Somatic alterations have been predominantly discovered in breast cancer patients of European ancestry; however, little is known about somatic aberration in patients of other ethnic groups including Asians. In the present study, whole-exome sequencing (WES) was conducted in DNA extracted from tumor and matched adjacent normal tissue samples from eleven early onset breast cancer patients who were included in the Shanghai Breast Cancer Study. We discovered 159 somatic missense and ten nonsense mutations distributed among 167 genes. The most frequent 50 somatic mutations identified by WES were selected for validation using Sequenom MassARRAY system in the eleven breast cancer patients and an additional 433 tumor and 921 normal tissue/blood samples from the Shanghai Breast Cancer Study. Among these 50 mutations selected for validation, 32 were technically validated. Within the validated mutations, somatic mutations in the TRPM6, HYDIN, ENTHD1, and NDUFB10 genes were found in two or more tumor samples in the replication stage. Mutations in the ADRA1B, CBFB, KIAA2022, and RBM25 genes were observed once in the replication stage. To summarize, this study identified some novel somatic mutations for breast cancer. Future studies will need to be conducted to determine the function of these mutations/genes in the breast carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Zhang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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Lopez-Camacho C, van Wijnen AJ, Lian JB, Stein JL, Stein GS. CBFβ and the leukemogenic fusion protein CBFβ-SMMHC associate with mitotic chromosomes to epigenetically regulate ribosomal genes. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:2155-64. [PMID: 25079347 PMCID: PMC4199869 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitotic bookmarking is an epigenetic control mechanism that sustains gene expression in progeny cells; it is often found in genes related to the maintenance of cellular phenotype and growth control. RUNX transcription factors regulate a broad spectrum of RNA Polymerase (Pol II) transcribed genes important for lineage commitment but also regulate RNA Polymerase I (Pol I) driven ribosomal gene expression, thus coordinating control of cellular identity and proliferation. In this study, using fluorescence microscopy and biochemical approaches we show that the principal RUNX co-factor, CBFβ, associates with nucleolar organizing regions (NORs) during mitosis to negatively regulate RUNX-dependent ribosomal gene expression. Of clinical relevance, we establish for the first time that the leukemogenic fusion protein CBFβ-SMMHC (smooth muscle myosin heavy chain) also associates with ribosomal genes in interphase chromatin and mitotic chromosomes to promote and epigenetically sustain regulation of ribosomal genes through RUNX factor interactions. Our results demonstrate that CBFβ contributes to the transcriptional regulation of ribosomal gene expression and provide further understanding of the epigenetic role of CBFβ-SMMHC in proliferation and maintenance of the leukemic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Lopez-Camacho
- Department of Biochemistry and Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405 USA
| | - Andre J. van Wijnen
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jane B. Lian
- Department of Biochemistry and Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405 USA
| | - Janet L. Stein
- Department of Biochemistry and Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405 USA
| | - Gary S. Stein
- Department of Biochemistry and Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405 USA
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Lopez-Camacho C, van Wijnen AJ, Lian JB, Stein JL, Stein GS. Core binding factor β (CBFβ) is retained in the midbody during cytokinesis. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:1466-74. [PMID: 24648201 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Core Binding Factor β (CBFβ) is complexed with the RUNX family of transcription factors in the nucleus to support activation or repression of genes related to bone (RUNX2), hematopoiesis (RUNX1) and gastrointestinal (RUNX3) development. Furthermore, RUNX proteins contribute to the onset and progression of different types of cancer. Although CBFβ localizes to cytoskeletal architecture, its biological role in the cytoplasmic compartment remains to be established. Additionally, the function and localization of CBFβ during the cell cycle are important questions relevant to its biological role. Here we show that CBFβ dynamically distributes in different stages of cell division and importantly is present during telophase at the midbody, a temporal structure important for successful cytokinesis. A functional role for CBFβ localization at the midbody is supported by striking defects in cytokinesis that include polyploidy and abscission failure following siRNA-mediated downregulation of endogenous CBFβ or overexpression of the inv(16) fusion protein CBFβ-SMMHC. Our results suggest that CBFβ retention in the midbody during cytokinesis reflects a novel function that contributes to epigenetic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Lopez-Camacho
- Department of Biochemistry and Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
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Greer AH, Yong T, Fennell K, Moustafa YW, Fowler M, Galiano F, Ng SW, Berkowitz RS, Cardelli J, Meyers S, Davis JN. Knockdown of core binding factorβ alters sphingolipid metabolism. J Cell Physiol 2014; 228:2350-64. [PMID: 23813439 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Core binding factor (CBF) is a heterodimeric transcription factor containing one of three DNA-binding proteins of the Runt-related transcription factor family (RUNX1-3) and the non-DNA-binding protein, CBFβ. RUNX1 and CBFβ are the most common targets of chromosomal rearrangements in leukemia. CBF has been implicated in other cancer types; for example RUNX1 and RUNX2 are implicated in cancers of epithelial origin, including prostate, breast, and ovarian cancers. In these tumors, CBF is involved in maintaining the malignant phenotype and, when highly over-expressed, contributes to metastatic growth in bone. Herein, lentiviral delivery of CBFβ-specific shRNAs was used to achieve a 95% reduction of CBFβ in an ovarian cancer cell line. This drastic reduction in CBFβ expression resulted in growth inhibition that was not associated with a cell cycle block or an increase in apoptosis. However, CBFβ silencing resulted in increased autophagy and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Since sphingolipid and ceramide metabolism regulates non-apoptotic cell death, autophagy, and ROS production, fumonsin B1 (FB1), an inhibitor of ceramide synthase, was used to alter ceramide production in the CBFβ-silenced cells. FB1 treatment inhibited the CBFβ-dependent increase in autophagy and provided a modest increase in cell survival. To document alterations to sphingolipids in the CBFβ-silenced cells, ceramide, and lactosylceramide levels were directly examined by mass spectrometry. Substantial increases in ceramide species and decreases in lactosylceramides were identified. Altogether, this report provides evidence that CBF transcriptional pathways control cellular survival, at least in part, through sphingolipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam H Greer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSUHSC School of Medicine in Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
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