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Fontana R, Guidone D, Angrisano T, Calabrò V, Pollice A, La Mantia G, Vivo M. Mutation of the Conserved Threonine 8 within the Human ARF Tumour Suppressor Protein Regulates Autophagy. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12010126. [PMID: 35053274 PMCID: PMC8773949 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The ARF tumour suppressor plays a well-established role as a tumour suppressor, halting cell growth by both p53-dependent and independent pathways in several cellular stress response circuits. However, data collected in recent years challenged the traditional role of this protein as a tumour suppressor. Cancer cells expressing high ARF levels showed that its expression, far from being dispensable, is required to guarantee tumour cell survival. In particular, ARF can promote autophagy, a self-digestion pathway that helps cells cope with stressful growth conditions arising during both physiological and pathological processes. Methods: We previously showed that ARF is regulated through the activation of the protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent pathway and that an ARF phospho-mimetic mutant on the threonine residue 8, ARF-T8D, sustains cell proliferation in HeLa cells. We now explored the role of ARF phosphorylation in both basal and starvation-induced autophagy by analysing autophagic flux in cells transfected with either WT and ARF phosphorylation mutants by immunoblot and immunofluorescence. Results: Here, we show that endogenous ARF expression in HeLa cells is required for starvation-induced autophagy. Further, we provide evidence that the hyper-expression of ARF-T8D appears to inhibit autophagy in both HeLa and lung cancer cells H1299. This effect is due to the cells’ inability to elicit autophagosomes formation upon T8D expression. Conclusions: Our results lead to the hypothesis that ARF phosphorylation could be a mechanism through which the protein promotes or counteracts autophagy. Several observations underline how autophagy could serve a dual role in cancer progression, either protecting healthy cells from damage or aiding cancerous cells to survive. Our results indicate that ARF phosphorylation controls protein’s ability to promote or counteract autophagy, providing evidence of the dual role played by ARF in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Fontana
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (R.F.); (D.G.); (T.A.); (V.C.); (A.P.); (G.L.M.)
| | - Daniela Guidone
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (R.F.); (D.G.); (T.A.); (V.C.); (A.P.); (G.L.M.)
| | - Tiziana Angrisano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (R.F.); (D.G.); (T.A.); (V.C.); (A.P.); (G.L.M.)
| | - Viola Calabrò
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (R.F.); (D.G.); (T.A.); (V.C.); (A.P.); (G.L.M.)
| | - Alessandra Pollice
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (R.F.); (D.G.); (T.A.); (V.C.); (A.P.); (G.L.M.)
| | - Girolama La Mantia
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (R.F.); (D.G.); (T.A.); (V.C.); (A.P.); (G.L.M.)
| | - Maria Vivo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “Adolfo Zambelli”, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Fontana R, Ranieri M, La Mantia G, Vivo M. Dual Role of the Alternative Reading Frame ARF Protein in Cancer. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E87. [PMID: 30836703 PMCID: PMC6468759 DOI: 10.3390/biom9030087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The CDKN2a/ARF locus expresses two partially overlapping transcripts that encode two distinct proteins, namely p14ARF (p19Arf in mouse) and p16INK4a, which present no sequence identity. Initial data obtained in mice showed that both proteins are potent tumor suppressors. In line with a tumor-suppressive role, ARF-deficient mice develop lymphomas, sarcomas, and adenocarcinomas, with a median survival rate of one year of age. In humans, the importance of ARF inactivation in cancer is less clear whereas a more obvious role has been documented for p16INK4a. Indeed, many alterations in human tumors result in the elimination of the entire locus, while the majority of point mutations affect p16INK4a. Nevertheless, specific mutations of p14ARF have been described in different types of human cancers such as colorectal and gastric carcinomas, melanoma and glioblastoma. The activity of the tumor suppressor ARF has been shown to rely on both p53-dependent and independent functions. However, novel data collected in the last years has challenged the traditional and established role of this protein as a tumor suppressor. In particular, tumors retaining ARF expression evolve to metastatic and invasive phenotypes and in humans are associated with a poor prognosis. In this review, the recent evidence and the molecular mechanisms of a novel role played by ARF will be presented and discussed, both in pathological and physiological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Fontana
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Michela Ranieri
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Girolama La Mantia
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Vivo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy.
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Di Costanzo A, Del Gaudio N, Conte L, Dell'Aversana C, Vermeulen M, de Thé H, Migliaccio A, Nebbioso A, Altucci L. The HDAC inhibitor SAHA regulates CBX2 stability via a SUMO-triggered ubiquitin-mediated pathway in leukemia. Oncogene 2018; 37:2559-2572. [PMID: 29467492 PMCID: PMC5945585 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0143-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Polycomb group (PcG) proteins regulate transcription, playing a key role in stemness and differentiation. Deregulation of PcG members is known to be involved in cancer pathogenesis. Emerging evidence suggests that CBX2, a member of the PcG protein family, is overexpressed in several human tumors, correlating with lower overall survival. Unraveling the mechanisms regulating CBX2 expression may thus provide a promising new target for anticancer strategies. Here we show that the HDAC inhibitor SAHA regulates CBX2 stability via a SUMO-triggered ubiquitin-mediated pathway in leukemia. We identify CBX4 and RNF4 as the E3 SUMO and E3 ubiquitin ligase, respectively, and describe the specific molecular mechanism regulating CBX2 protein stability. Finally, we show that CBX2-depleted leukemic cells display impaired proliferation, underscoring its critical role in regulating leukemia cell tumorogenicity. Our results show that SAHA affects CBX2 stability, revealing a potential SAHA-mediated anti-leukemic activity though SUMO2/3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Di Costanzo
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Nunzio Del Gaudio
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Napoli, Italy
| | - Lidio Conte
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Napoli, Italy
| | - Carmela Dell'Aversana
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Napoli, Italy
| | - Michiel Vermeulen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hugues de Thé
- INSERM Unite ́ Mixte de Recherche 944, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital St. Louis, Paris Cedex 10, France
| | - Antimo Migliaccio
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Napoli, Italy
| | - Angela Nebbioso
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Napoli, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Napoli, Italy.
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Ciani F, Tafuri S, Troiano A, Cimmino A, Fioretto BS, Guarino AM, Pollice A, Vivo M, Evidente A, Carotenuto D, Calabrò V. Anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of Uncaria tomentosa aqueous extract in squamous carcinoma cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 211:285-294. [PMID: 28964869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC. (Rubiacee), also known as uña de gato, is a plant that grows wild in the upper Amazon region of Peru and has been widely used in folk medicine to treat several health conditions including cancer. We have produced an aqueous extract from Uncaria tomentosa (UT-ex) and analyzed its effects on squamous carcinoma cells and immortalized HaCaT keratinocytes. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is an uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells arising in the skin's squamous layer of epidermis. When detected at an early stage, SCCs are almost curable, however, if left untreated, they can penetrate the underlying tissue and become disfiguring. We have evaluated cell proliferation, apoptosis and the level of reactive oxygen species following UT-ex treatment. UT-ex affected cell cycle progression and reduced cell viability in a dose and time-dependent manner. From a mechanistic point of view, this delay in cell growth coincided with the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, PARP1 cleavage was associated to the reduction of Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1) 36kDa, a nuclear prosurvival factor involved in DNA damage repair. These data indicate that UT-ex-induced cell death can be ascribed, at least in part, to its ability both to induce oxidative DNA damage and antagonize the mechanism of DNA repair relying upon YB-1 activity. They also show that non metastatic SCCs are more susceptible to UT-ex treatment than untransformed keratinocytes supporting the use of UT-ex for the treatment of precancerous and early forms of squamous cell carcinomas. Preliminary chemical investigation of UT-ex revealed the presence of hydrophilic low-medium molecular weight metabolites with anticancer potential towards squamous carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ciani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University "Federico II", Via Veterinaria 1, Naples 80137, Italy.
| | - Simona Tafuri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University "Federico II", Via Veterinaria 1, Naples 80137, Italy
| | - Annaelena Troiano
- Department of Biology, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, University "Federico II", Via Cintia, Monte S. Angelo, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Alessio Cimmino
- Department of C hemical Sciences, University "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia,Monte S. Angelo, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Bianca Saveria Fioretto
- Department of Biology, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, University "Federico II", Via Cintia, Monte S. Angelo, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Andrea Maria Guarino
- Department of Biology, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, University "Federico II", Via Cintia, Monte S. Angelo, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pollice
- Department of Biology, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, University "Federico II", Via Cintia, Monte S. Angelo, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Maria Vivo
- Department of Biology, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, University "Federico II", Via Cintia, Monte S. Angelo, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Department of C hemical Sciences, University "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia,Monte S. Angelo, Naples 80126, Italy
| | | | - Viola Calabrò
- Department of Biology, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, University "Federico II", Via Cintia, Monte S. Angelo, Naples 80126, Italy.
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Ranieri M, Vivo M, De Simone M, Guerrini L, Pollice A, La Mantia G, Calabrò V. Sumoylation and ubiquitylation crosstalk in the control of ΔNp63α protein stability. Gene 2017; 645:34-40. [PMID: 29246538 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
ΔNp63α is finely and strictly regulated during embryogenesis and differentiation. ΔNp63α is the only p63 isoform degraded by the proteasome after Ubiquitin and SUMO (Small Ubiquitin-like MOdifier) conjugation. Here, we show that p63 ubiquitylation per se is not the signal triggering p63 proteasomal degradation. Taking advantage of natural ΔNp63α mutants isolated by patients with Split Hand and Foot Malformation IV syndrome, we found that SUMO and Ub modifications are not redundant and both are required to guarantee efficient ΔNp63α degradation. Here, we present evidence that sumoylation and ubiquitylation of ΔNp63α are strongly intertwined, and none of the two can efficiently occur if the other is impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Ranieri
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology Albert Einstein College of Medicine, United States
| | - Maria Vivo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Italy.
| | | | | | - Alessandra Pollice
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Italy
| | - Girolama La Mantia
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Italy
| | - Viola Calabrò
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Italy
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di Martino O, Tito A, De Lucia A, Cimmino A, Cicotti F, Apone F, Colucci G, Calabrò V. Hibiscus syriacus Extract from an Established Cell Culture Stimulates Skin Wound Healing. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7932019. [PMID: 29333453 PMCID: PMC5733167 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7932019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Higher plants are the source of a wide array of bioactive compounds that support skin integrity and health. Hibiscus syriacus, family Malvaceae, is a plant of Chinese origin known for its antipyretic, anthelmintic, and antifungal properties. The aim of this study was to assess the healing and hydration properties of H. syriacus ethanolic extract (HSEE). We established a cell culture from Hibiscus syriacus leaves and obtained an ethanol soluble extract from cultured cells. The properties of the extract were tested by gene expression and functional analyses on human fibroblast, keratinocytes, and skin explants. HSEE treatment increased the healing potential of fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Specifically, HSEE significantly stimulated fibronectin and collagen synthesis by 16 and 60%, respectively, while fibroblasts contractility was enhanced by 30%. These results were confirmed on skin explants, where HSEE accelerated the wound healing activity in terms of epithelium formation and fibronectin production. Moreover, HSEE increased the expression of genes involved in skin hydration and homeostasis. Specifically, aquaporin 3 and filaggrin genes were enhanced by 20 and 58%, respectively. Our data show that HSEE contains compounds capable of stimulating expression of biomarkers relevant to skin regeneration and hydration thereby counteracting molecular pathways leading to skin damage and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. di Martino
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - A. Tito
- Arterra Bioscience, Via Brin 69, 80142 Napoli, Italy
| | - A. De Lucia
- Arterra Bioscience, Via Brin 69, 80142 Napoli, Italy
| | - A. Cimmino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - F. Cicotti
- Vitalab srl, Via Brin 69, 80142 Napoli, Italy
| | - F. Apone
- Arterra Bioscience, Via Brin 69, 80142 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Vitalab srl, Via Brin 69, 80142 Napoli, Italy
| | - G. Colucci
- Arterra Bioscience, Via Brin 69, 80142 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Vitalab srl, Via Brin 69, 80142 Napoli, Italy
| | - V. Calabrò
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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Jain P, Kaul R, Saha S, Sarkar S. Tricho-dento-osseous syndrome and precocious eruption. J Clin Exp Dent 2017; 9:e494-e497. [PMID: 28298997 PMCID: PMC5347304 DOI: 10.4317/jced.53348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tricho-dento-osseous syndrome (TDO), an uncommon form of ectodermal dysplasia is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder which is characterized by inherited defects in tissues arising from epithelial-mesenchymal interaction. Genetic studies have revealed that it is caused by mutation in the DLX3 gene. TDO presents with a great phenotypic heterogeneity and studies have suggested that this heterogeneity is the result of environmental factors or other genetic modifiers. In this article, we report a case of TDO in which the child had typical clinical features of hair, teeth and bone defects, as seen in TDO. Parents of the child were unaffected. Genetic analysis of the child revealed mutation in DLX3 gene. The child also showed precocious eruption of the permanent molars, a clinical feature which has been rarely reported. We suggest that the precocious eruption seen in TDO is probably due to a markedly increased osteoblastic activity. Key words:Tricho-dento-osseous syndrome, DLX3 gene, precocious eruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Jain
- Post Graduate Student, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Rahul Kaul
- Post Graduate Student, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Subrata Saha
- Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Subir Sarkar
- Professor & HOD, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Adya KA, Inamadar AC, Palit A. "Pitted" lesions in dermatology. Int J Dermatol 2016; 56:3-17. [PMID: 27613605 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous pitting, dimpling, or depressions are frequently dealt with in clinical practice. Such lesions may be primary manifestations of a disorder or develop as secondary changes during the course of the disease. Cutaneous pitting may be a manifestation of certain genodermatoses and internal disorders when it serves as a marker of such conditions. This article describes various types of pitted lesions affecting the ectodermal structures (skin, nails, and teeth) and their clinical significance along with brief description of the associated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshavmurthy A Adya
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, SBMP Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, BLDE University, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India
| | - Arun C Inamadar
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, SBMP Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, BLDE University, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India
| | - Aparna Palit
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, SBMP Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, BLDE University, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India
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Montariello D, Troiano A, Malanga M, Calabrò V, Quesada P. p63 involvement in poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 signaling of topoisomerase I-dependent DNA damage in carcinoma cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 85:999-1006. [PMID: 23376119 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase 1 (PARP-1) inhibitors are thought as breakthrough for cancer treatment in solid tumors such as breast cancer through their effects on PARP's enzymatic activity. Our previous findings showed that the hydrophilic PARP inhibitor PJ34 enhances the sensitivity of p53 proficient MCF7 breast carcinoma cells to topotecan, a DNA Topoisomerase I (TOP 1) inhibitor. In the present study, we combine the classical TOP 1 poison camptothecin or its water-soluble derivative topotecan with PJ34 to investigate the potentiation of chemotherapeutic efficiency in MCF7 (p53(WT)), MDA-MB231 (p53(mut)) breast carcinoma cells and SCC022 (p53(null)) squamous carcinoma cells. We show that, following TPT-PJ34 combined treatment, MCF7 cells exhibit apoptotic death while MDA-MB231 and SCC022 cells are more resistant to these agents. Specifically, in MCF7, (i) PJ34 in combination with TPT causes a G2/M cell cycle arrest followed by massive apoptosis; (ii) PJ34 addition reverts TPT-dependent PARP-1 automodification and triggers caspase-dependent PARP-1 proteolysis; (iii) TPT, used as a single agent, stimulates p53 expression while in combination with PJ34 increases p53, TAp63α and TAp63γ protein levels with a concomitant reduction of MDM2 protein. The identification of p63 proteins as new players involved in the cancer cell response to TPT-PJ34 is relevant for a better understanding of the PARP1-dependent signaling of DNA damage. Furthermore, our data indicate that, in response to TPT-PJ34 combined chemotherapy, a functional cooperation between p53 and TAp63 proteins may occur and be essential to trigger apoptotic cell death.
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Cobourne MT, Sharpe PT. Diseases of the tooth: the genetic and molecular basis of inherited anomalies affecting the dentition. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2012; 2:183-212. [DOI: 10.1002/wdev.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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A symphony of regulations centered on p63 to control development of ectoderm-derived structures. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:864904. [PMID: 21716671 PMCID: PMC3118300 DOI: 10.1155/2011/864904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53-related transcription factor p63 is critically important for basic cellular functions during development of the ectoderm and derived structure and tissues, including skin, limb, palate, and hair. On the one side, p63 is required to sustain the proliferation of keratinocyte progenitors, while on the other side it is required for cell stratification, commitment to differentiate, cell adhesion, and epithelial-mesenchymal signaling. Molecules that are components or regulators of the p63 pathway(s) are rapidly being identified, and it comes with no surprise that alterations in the p63 pathway lead to congenital conditions in which the skin and other ectoderm-derived structures are affected. In this paper, we summarize the current knowledge of the molecular and cellular regulations centered on p63, derived from the comprehension of p63-linked human diseases and the corresponding animal models, as well as from cellular models and high-throughput molecular approaches. We point out common themes and features, that allow to speculate on the possible role of p63 downstream events and their potential exploitation in future attempts to correct the congenital defect in preclinical studies.
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