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Vos GM, Wu Y, van der Woude R, de Vries RP, Boons GJ. Chemo-Enzymatic Synthesis of Isomeric I-branched Polylactosamines Using Traceless Blocking Groups. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302877. [PMID: 37909475 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Poly-N-acetyl lactosamines (polyLacNAc) are common structural motifs of N- and O-linked glycan, glycosphingolipids and human milk oligosaccharides. They can be branched by the addition of β1,6-linked N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) moieties to internal galactoside (Gal) residues by the I-branching enzyme beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 (GCNT2). I-branching has been implicated in many biological processes and is also associated with various diseases such as cancer progression. Currently, there is a lack of methods that can install, in a regioselective manner, I-branches and allows the preparation of isomeric poly-LacNAc derivatives. Here, we described a chemo-enzymatic strategy that addresses this deficiency and is based on the enzymatic assembly of an oligo-LacNAc chain that at specific positions is modified by a GlcNTFA moiety. Replacement of the trifluoroacetyl (TFA) moiety by tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc) gives compounds in which the galactoside at the proximal site is blocked from modification by GCNT2. After elaboration of the antennae, the Boc group can be removed, and the resulting amine acetylated to give natural I-branched structures. It is also shown that fucosides can function as a traceless blocking group that can provide complementary I-branched structures from a single precursor. The methodology made it possible to synthesize a library of polyLacNAc chains having various topologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaёl M Vos
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Yunfei Wu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Roosmarijn van der Woude
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Robert P de Vries
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA-30602, USA
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Chemistry Department, University of Georgia, Athens, GA-30602, USA
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2
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Kadirvelraj R, Yang JY, Kim HW, Sanders JH, Moremen KW, Wood ZA. Comparison of human poly-N-acetyl-lactosamine synthase structure with GT-A fold glycosyltransferases supports a modular assembly of catalytic subsites. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100110. [PMID: 33229435 PMCID: PMC7948508 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly-N-acetyl-lactosamine (poly-LacNAc) structures are composed of repeating [-Galβ(1,4)-GlcNAcβ(1,3)-]n glycan extensions. They are found on both N- and O-glycoproteins and glycolipids and play an important role in development, immune function, and human disease. The majority of mammalian poly-LacNAc is synthesized by the alternating iterative action of β1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 (B3GNT2) and β1,4-galactosyltransferases. B3GNT2 is in the largest mammalian glycosyltransferase family, GT31, but little is known about the structure, substrate recognition, or catalysis by family members. Here we report the structures of human B3GNT2 in complex with UDP:Mg2+ and in complex with both UDP:Mg2+ and a glycan acceptor, lacto-N-neotetraose. The B3GNT2 structure conserves the GT-A fold and the DxD motif that coordinates a Mg2+ ion for binding the UDP-GlcNAc sugar donor. The acceptor complex shows interactions with only the terminal Galβ(1,4)-GlcNAcβ(1,3)- disaccharide unit, which likely explains the specificity for both N- and O-glycan acceptors. Modeling of the UDP-GlcNAc donor supports a direct displacement inverting catalytic mechanism. Comparative structural analysis indicates that nucleotide sugar donors for GT-A fold glycosyltransferases bind in similar positions and conformations without conserving interacting residues, even for enzymes that use the same donor substrate. In contrast, the B3GNT2 acceptor binding site is consistent with prior models suggesting that the evolution of acceptor specificity involves loops inserted into the stable GT-A fold. These observations support the hypothesis that GT-A fold glycosyltransferases employ coevolving donor, acceptor, and catalytic subsite modules as templates to achieve the complex diversity of glycan linkages in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renuka Kadirvelraj
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Jeong-Yeh Yang
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Hyun W Kim
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Justin H Sanders
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Kelley W Moremen
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
| | - Zachary A Wood
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
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3
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I-branched carbohydrates as emerging effectors of malignant progression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:13729-13737. [PMID: 31213534 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1900268116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell surface carbohydrates, termed "glycans," are ubiquitous posttranslational effectors that can tune cancer progression. Often aberrantly displayed or found at atypical levels on cancer cells, glycans can impact essentially all progressive steps, from malignant transformation to metastases formation. Glycans are structural entities that can directly bind promalignant glycan-binding proteins and help elicit optimal receptor-ligand activity of growth factor receptors, integrins, integrin ligands, lectins, and other type-1 transmembrane proteins. Because glycans play an integral role in a cancer cell's malignant activity and are frequently uniquely expressed, preclinical studies on the suitability of glycans as anticancer therapeutic targets and their promise as biomarkers of disease progression continue to intensify. While sialylation and fucosylation have predominated the focus of cancer-associated glycan modifications, the emergence of blood group I antigens (or I-branched glycans) as key cell surface moieties capable of modulating cancer virulence has reenergized investigations into the role of the glycome in malignant progression. I-branched glycans catalyzed principally by the I-branching enzyme GCNT2 are now indicated in several malignancies. In this Perspective, the putative role of GCNT2/I-branching in cancer progression is discussed, including exciting insights on how I-branches can potentially antagonize the cancer-promoting activity of β-galactose-binding galectins.
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4
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Kudo K, Yoneda A, Sakiyama D, Kojima K, Miyaji T, Yamazaki M, Yaita S, Hyodo T, Satow R, Fukami K. Cell surface CD63 increased by up-regulated polylactosamine modification sensitizes human melanoma cells to the BRAF inhibitor PLX4032. FASEB J 2018; 33:3851-3869. [PMID: 30508500 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800664rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The BRAF inhibitor PLX4032 is effective in treating BRAF-mutated melanoma; however, because drug resistance develops in most cases, it is critical to develop a new strategy for inhibiting drug-resistant melanoma growth. The melanoma-associated membrane glycoprotein CD63 is involved in cell proliferation and metastasis. Here, we found that cell surface CD63 suppresses the proliferation of human melanoma cells and PLX4032-resistant cells. Endogenous CD63 protein levels were negatively correlated with PLX4032 resistance of human melanoma cell lines. CD63 overexpression in these cells, in which endogenous CD63 levels are low, suppressed cell proliferation under PLX4032 treatment. The cell surface levels and average molecular mass of CD63 were increased with PLX4032 treatment because of the up-regulated polylactosamine modification caused by induced β1,3- N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 expression, which is involved in polylactosamine synthesis. Forced cell surface localization of CD63 led to reduced melanoma cell proliferation without PLX4032 treatment. CD63 overexpression in PLX4032-resistant cells, in which CD63 levels were lower and cell surface polylactosamine levels were higher than those in parental cells, effectively suppressed proliferation. Our study shows the potential of CD63 to sensitize melanoma cells to PLX4032 and to reduce the proliferation of PLX4032-resistant cells.-Kudo, K., Yoneda, A., Sakiyama, D., Kojima, K., Miyaji, T., Yamazaki, M., Yaita, S., Hyodo, T., Satow, R., Fukami, K. Cell surface CD63 increased by up-regulated polylactosamine modification sensitizes human melanoma cells to the BRAF inhibitor PLX4032.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohya Kudo
- Laboratory of Genome and Biosignals, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Atsuko Yoneda
- Laboratory of Genome and Biosignals, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan; and.,Advanced Research and Development Programs for Medical Innovation (AMED-CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiki Sakiyama
- Laboratory of Genome and Biosignals, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Kai Kojima
- Laboratory of Genome and Biosignals, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Takeki Miyaji
- Laboratory of Genome and Biosignals, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Miku Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Genome and Biosignals, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Saori Yaita
- Laboratory of Genome and Biosignals, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Takuya Hyodo
- Laboratory of Genome and Biosignals, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Reiko Satow
- Laboratory of Genome and Biosignals, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan; and.,Advanced Research and Development Programs for Medical Innovation (AMED-CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Fukami
- Laboratory of Genome and Biosignals, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan; and.,Advanced Research and Development Programs for Medical Innovation (AMED-CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Giovannone N, Liang J, Antonopoulos A, Geddes Sweeney J, King SL, Pochebit SM, Bhattacharyya N, Lee GS, Dell A, Widlund HR, Haslam SM, Dimitroff CJ. Galectin-9 suppresses B cell receptor signaling and is regulated by I-branching of N-glycans. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3287. [PMID: 30120234 PMCID: PMC6098069 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05770-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocytes are coated with a layer of heterogeneous carbohydrates (glycans) that modulate immune function, in part by governing specific interactions with glycan-binding proteins (lectins). Although nearly all membrane proteins bear glycans, the identity and function of most of these sugars on leukocytes remain unexplored. Here, we characterize the N-glycan repertoire (N-glycome) of human tonsillar B cells. We observe that naive and memory B cells express an N-glycan repertoire conferring strong binding to the immunoregulatory lectin galectin-9 (Gal-9). Germinal center B cells, by contrast, show sharply diminished binding to Gal-9 due to upregulation of I-branched N-glycans, catalyzed by the β1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase GCNT2. Functionally, we find that Gal-9 is autologously produced by naive B cells, binds CD45, suppresses calcium signaling via a Lyn-CD22-SHP-1 dependent mechanism, and blunts B cell activation. Thus, our findings suggest Gal-9 intrinsically regulates B cell activation and may differentially modulate BCR signaling at steady state and within germinal centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Giovannone
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - J Liang
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - A Antonopoulos
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - J Geddes Sweeney
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - S L King
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - S M Pochebit
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - N Bhattacharyya
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - G S Lee
- Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - A Dell
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - H R Widlund
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - S M Haslam
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - C J Dimitroff
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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6
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McVeigh P, Cwiklinski K, Garcia-Campos A, Mulcahy G, O'Neill SM, Maule AG, Dalton JP. In silico analyses of protein glycosylating genes in the helminth Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke) predict protein-linked glycan simplicity and reveal temporally-dynamic expression profiles. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11700. [PMID: 30076319 PMCID: PMC6076252 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29673-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycoproteins secreted by helminth parasites are immunogenic and represent appealing components of vaccine preparations. Our poor knowledge of the pathways that mediate protein glycosylation in parasitic flatworms hinders our understanding of how proteins are synthesised and modified, and our ability to target these pathways for parasite control. Here we provide the first detailed description of genes associated with protein glycosylation in a parasitic flatworm, focusing on the genome of the liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica), which is a globally important trematode parasite of humans and their livestock. Using 190 human sequences as search queries against currently available F. hepatica genomes, we identified 149 orthologues with putative roles in sugar uptake or nucleotide sugar synthesis, and an array of glycosyltransferase and glycosidase activities required for protein N- and O-glycosylation. We found appreciable duplication within these orthologues, describing just 87 non-redundant genes when paralogues were excluded. F. hepatica lacks many of the enzymes required to produce complex N- and O-linked glycans, which explains the genomic basis for the structurally simple glycans described by F. hepatica glycomic datasets, and predicts pervasive structural simplicity in the wider glycome. These data provide a foundation for functional genomic interrogation of these pathways with the view towards novel parasite intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul McVeigh
- Parasitology & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
| | - Krystyna Cwiklinski
- Parasitology & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Grace Mulcahy
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sandra M O'Neill
- Department of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aaron G Maule
- Parasitology & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - John P Dalton
- Parasitology & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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7
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Liu C, Qiu H, Lin D, Wang Z, Shi N, Tan Z, Liu J, Jiang Z, Wu S. c-Jun-dependent β3GnT8 promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma by inducing CD147 glycosylation and altering N-glycan patterns. Oncotarget 2018; 9:18327-18340. [PMID: 29719608 PMCID: PMC5915075 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
β3GnT8, a key polylactosamine synthase, plays a vital role in progression of various types of human cancer. The role of β3GnT8 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the underlying mechanisms, however, remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that β3GnT8 and polylactosamine were highly expressed in HCC tissues compared with those in adjacent paracancer tissues. Overexpression of β3GnT8 promoted while knockdown of β3GnT8 inhibited HCC cell invasion and migration in vitro. Importantly, enhanced tumorigenesis was observed in nude mice inoculated with β3GnT8-overexpressing HCC cells, suggesting that β3GnT8 is important for HCC development in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, β3GnT8 modulated the N-glycosylation patterns of CD147 and altered the polylactosamine structures in HCC cells by physically interacting with CD147. In addition, our data showed the c-Jun could directly bind to the promoter of β3GnT8 gene and regulate β3GnT8 expression. β3GnT8 regulated HCC cell invasion and migration in a C-Jun-dependent manner. Collectively, our study identified β3GnT8 as a novel regulator for HCC invasion and tumorigenesis. Targeting β3GnT8 may be a potential therapeutic strategy against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunliang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Hao Qiu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Zerong Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, P.R. China
| | - Ning Shi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens 30602 GA, USA
| | - Zengqi Tan
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xian, Shanxi 710069, P.R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Shiliang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
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8
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Chao CC, Wu PH, Huang HC, Chung HY, Chou YC, Cai BH, Kannagi R. Downregulation of miR-199a/b-5p is associated with GCNT2 induction upon epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colon cancer. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:1902-1917. [PMID: 28542779 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
β-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 (GCNT2), which encodes a key glycosyltransferase for blood group I antigen synthesis, is induced upon epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Our results indicate that GCNT2 is upregulated upon EMT induced with epidermal growth factor and basic FGF in cultured human colon cancer cells. GCNT2 knockdown or overexpression decreases or increases, respectively, malignancy-related characteristics of colon cancer cells and I antigen levels. MiR-199a/b-5p is markedly downregulated upon EMT in colon cancer cells. Here, we find that miR-199a/b-5p consistently regulates GCNT2 expression in reporter assays and that it binds directly to the GCNT2 3' untranslated region intracellularly in RNA-induced silencing complex-trap assays. Overexpression of miR-199a/b-5p decreases GCNT2 expression and suppresses I antigen production. Based on these findings, we propose that miR-199a/b-5p regulates GCNT2 and I antigen expression in colon cancer cells undergoing EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chun Chao
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Han Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Chi Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yu Chung
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chou
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,National RNAi Core Facility, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bi-He Cai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Reiji Kannagi
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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9
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Shen L, Dong X, Yu M, Luo Z, Wu S. β3GnT8 Promotes Gastric Cancer Invasion by Regulating the Glycosylation of CD147. J Cancer 2017; 8:314-322. [PMID: 28243336 PMCID: PMC5327381 DOI: 10.7150/jca.16526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
β1, 3-N-acetylglucosminyltransferase 8(β3GnT8) synthesizes a unique cabohydrate structure known as polylactosamine, and plays a vital role in progression of various human cancer types. However, its involvement in gastric cancer remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed the expression and clinical significance of β3GnT8 by Western blot in 6 paired fresh gastric cancer tissues, noncancerous tissues and immunohistochemistry on 110 paraffin-embedded slices. β3GnT8 was found to be over-expressed in gastric cancer tissues, which correlated with lymph node metastasis and TNM stage. Forced the expression of β3GnT8 promoted migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells, whereas β3GnT8 knockdown led to the opposite results. Further studies showed that the regulated β3GnT8 could convert the heterogeneous N-glycosylated forms of CD147 and change the polylactosamine structures carried on CD147. In addition, our data suggested the annexin A2 (ANXA2) to be an essential interaction partner of β3GnT8 during the process of CD147 glycosylation. Collectively, these results provide a novel molecular mechanism for β3GnT8 in promotion of gastric cancer invasion and metastasis. Targeting β3GnT8 could serve as a new strategy for future gastric cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxia Dong
- Department of pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Meiyun Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiguo Luo
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, China; Institute of Cancer Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Shiliang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
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10
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Dwyer CA, Esko JD. Glycan susceptibility factors in autism spectrum disorders. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 51:104-14. [PMID: 27418189 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are neurodevelopmental disorders with unknown etiology. An estimated 1:68 children in the U.S. are diagnosed with ASDs, making these disorders a substantial public health issue. Recent advances in genome sequencing have identified numerous genetic variants across the ASD patient population. Many genetic variants identified occur in genes that encode glycosylated extracellular proteins (proteoglycans or glycoproteins) or enzymes involved in glycosylation (glycosyltransferases and sulfotransferases). It remains unknown whether "glycogene" variants cause changes in glycosylation and whether they contribute to the etiology and pathogenesis of ASDs. Insights into glycan susceptibility factors are provided by studies in the normal brain and congenital disorders of glycosylation, which are often accompanied by ASD-like behaviors. The purpose of this review is to present evidence that supports a contribution of extracellular glycans and glycoconjugates to the etiology and pathogenesis of idiopathic ASDs and other types of pervasive neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrissa A Dwyer
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Esko
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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