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Shi P, Chen W, Lyu X, Wang Z, Li W, Jia F, Zheng C, Liu T, Wang C, Zhang Y, Mi Z, Sun Y, Chen X, Chen S, Zhou G, Liu Y, Lin Y, Bai F, Sun Q, Ogese MO, Yu Q, Liu J, Liu H, Zhang F. Loss-of-function mutations in Keratin 32 gene disrupt skin immune homeostasis in pityriasis rubra pilaris. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6259. [PMID: 39048559 PMCID: PMC11269665 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50481-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is an inflammatory papulosquamous dermatosis, characterized by hyperkeratotic follicular papules and erythematous desquamative plaques. The precise pathogenic mechanism underlying PRP remains incompletely understood. Herein, we conduct a case-control study involving a cohort of 102 patients with sporadic PRP and 800 healthy controls of Han Chinese population and identify significant associations (P = 1.73 × 10-6) between PRP and heterozygous mutations in the Keratin 32 gene (KRT32). KRT32 is found to be predominantly localized in basal keratinocytes and exhibits an inhibitory effect on skin inflammation by antagonizing the NF-κB pathway. Mechanistically, KRT32 binds to NEMO, promoting excessive K48-linked polyubiquitination and NEMO degradation, which hinders IKK complex formation. Conversely, loss-of-function mutations in KRT32 among PRP patients result in NF-κB hyperactivation. Importantly, Krt32 knockout mice exhibit a PRP-like dermatitis phenotype, suggesting compromised anti-inflammatory function of keratinocytes in response to external pro-inflammatory stimuli. This study proposes a role for KRT32 in regulating inflammatory immune responses, with damaging variants in KRT32 being an important driver in PRP development. These findings offer insights into the regulation of skin immune homeostasis by keratin and open up the possibility of using KRT32 as a therapeutic target for PRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peidian Shi
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xinxing Lyu
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenchao Li
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fengming Jia
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chunzhi Zheng
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zihao Mi
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yonghu Sun
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xuechao Chen
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shengli Chen
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guizhi Zhou
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yongxia Liu
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yingjie Lin
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fuxiang Bai
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qing Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Monday O Ogese
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Qiang Yu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hong Liu
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Furen Zhang
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Gui Z, Zhang Y, Zhang A, Xia W, Jia Z. CARMA3: A potential therapeutic target in non-cancer diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1057980. [PMID: 36618379 PMCID: PMC9815110 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1057980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspase recruitment domain and membrane-associated guanylate kinase-like protein 3 (CARMA3) is a scaffold protein widely expressed in non-hematopoietic cells. It is encoded by the caspase recruitment domain protein 10 (CARD10) gene. CARMA3 can form a CARMA3-BCL10-MALT1 complex by recruiting B cell lymphoma 10 (BCL10) and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1 (MALT1), thereby activating nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), a key transcription factor that involves in various biological responses. CARMA3 mediates different receptors-dependent signaling pathways, including G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Inappropriate expression and activation of GPCRs and/or RTKs/CARMA3 signaling lead to the pathogenesis of human diseases. Emerging studies have reported that CARMA3 mediates the development of various types of cancers. Moreover, CARMA3 and its partners participate in human non-cancer diseases, including atherogenesis, abdominal aortic aneurysm, asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, liver fibrosis, insulin resistance, inflammatory bowel disease, and psoriasis. Here we provide a review on its structure, regulation, and molecular function, and further highlight recent findings in human non-cancerous diseases, which will provide a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Gui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Zhanjun Jia, ; Weiwei Xia,
| | - Zhanjun Jia
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Zhanjun Jia, ; Weiwei Xia,
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Cutaneous and Developmental Effects of CARD14 Overexpression in Zebrafish. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123192. [PMID: 36551948 PMCID: PMC9775151 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gain-of-function mutations in CARD14 have recently been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP). Those mutations were found to activate the NF-kB signaling pathway. OBJECTIVE Zebrafish is often used to model human diseases in general, and in skin disorders more particularly. In the present study, we aimed to examine the effect of CARD14 overexpression in zebrafish with the aim to validate this model for future translational applications. METHODS We used light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, histological analysis and whole mount in situ hybridization as well as real-time PCR to ascertain the effect of CARD14 overexpression in the developing zebrafish. RESULTS Overexpression of human CARD14 had a marked morphological and developmental effect on the embryos. Light microscopy demonstrated a characteristic cutaneous pattern including a granular surface and a spiky pigment pattern. In situ hybridization revealed keratinocytes of uneven size and shape. Scanning electron microscopy showed aberrant production of actin microridges and a rugged keratinocyte cell surface, reminiscent of the human hyperkeratotic phenotype. Developmentally, overexpression of CARD14 had a variable effect on anterior-posterior axis symmetry. Similar to what has been observed in humans with psoriasis or PRP, NF-kB expression was higher in CARD14-overexpressing embryos compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of CARD14 results in a distinct cutaneous pattern accompanied by hyperactivation of the NF-kB pathway, suggesting that the zebrafish represents a useful system to model CARD14-associated papulosquamous diseases.
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Vanneste D, Staal J, Haegman M, Driege Y, Carels M, Van Nuffel E, De Bleser P, Saeys Y, Beyaert R, Afonina IS. CARD14 Signalling Ensures Cell Survival and Cancer Associated Gene Expression in Prostate Cancer Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10082008. [PMID: 36009554 PMCID: PMC9405774 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10082008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancer types in men and represents an increasing global problem due to the modern Western lifestyle. The signalling adapter protein CARD14 is specifically expressed in epithelial cells, where it has been shown to mediate NF-κB signalling, but a role for CARD14 in carcinoma has not yet been described. By analysing existing cancer databases, we found that CARD14 overexpression strongly correlates with aggressive PCa in human patients. Moreover, we showed that CARD14 is overexpressed in the LNCaP PCa cell line and that knockdown of CARD14 severely reduces LNCaP cell survival. Similarly, knockdown of BCL10 and MALT1, which are known to form a signalling complex with CARD14, also induced LNCaP cell death. MALT1 is a paracaspase that mediates downstream signalling by acting as a scaffold, as well as a protease. Recent studies have already indicated a role for the scaffold function of MALT1 in PCa cell growth. Here, we also demonstrated constitutive MALT1 proteolytic activity in several PCa cell lines, leading to cleavage of A20 and CYLD. Inhibition of MALT1 protease activity did not affect PCa cell survival nor activation of NF-κB and JNK signalling, but reduced expression of cancer-associated genes, including the cytokine IL-6. Taken together, our results revealed a novel role for CARD14-induced signalling in regulating PCa cell survival and gene expression. The epithelial cell type-specific expression of CARD14 may offer novel opportunities for more specific therapeutic targeting approaches in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domien Vanneste
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jens Staal
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mira Haegman
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yasmine Driege
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marieke Carels
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elien Van Nuffel
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter De Bleser
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Unit of Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yvan Saeys
- Unit of Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence:
| | - Inna S. Afonina
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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A comprehensive interaction study provides a potential domain interaction network of human death domain superfamily proteins. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:2991-3008. [PMID: 33993194 PMCID: PMC8564539 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00796-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human death domain superfamily proteins (DDSPs) play important roles in many signaling pathways involved in cell death and inflammation. Disruption or constitutive activation of these DDSP interactions due to inherited gene mutations is closely related to immunodeficiency and/or autoinflammatory diseases; however, responsible gene mutations have not been found in phenotypical diagnosis of these diseases. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the interactions of death-fold domains to explore the signaling network mediated by human DDSPs. We obtained 116 domains of DDSPs and conducted a domain-domain interaction assay of 13,924 reactions in duplicate using amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assay. The data were mostly consistent with previously reported interactions. We also found new possible interactions, including an interaction between the caspase recruitment domain (CARD) of CARD10 and the tandem CARD-CARD domain of NOD2, which was confirmed by reciprocal co-immunoprecipitation. This study enables prediction of the interaction network of human DDSPs, sheds light on pathogenic mechanisms, and will facilitate identification of drug targets for treatment of immunodeficiency and autoinflammatory diseases.
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Wang W, Wei Q, Hao Q, Zhang Y, Li Y, Bi Y, Jin Z, Liu H, Liu X, Yang Z, Xiao S. Cellular CARD11 Inhibits the Fusogenic Activity of Newcastle Disease Virus via CBM Signalosome-Mediated Furin Reduction in Chicken Fibroblasts. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:607451. [PMID: 33603723 PMCID: PMC7884349 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.607451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes an infectious disease that poses a major threat to poultry health. Our previous study identified a chicken brain-specific caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 11 (CARD11) that was upregulated in chicken neurons and inhibited NDV replication. This raises the question of whether CARD11 plays a role in inhibiting viruses in non-neural cells. Here, chicken fibroblasts were used as a non-neural cell model to investigate the role. CARD11 expression was not significantly upregulated by either velogenic or lentogenic NDV infection in chicken fibroblasts. Viral replication was decreased in DF-1 cells stably overexpressing CARD11, while viral growth was significantly increased in the CARD11-knockdown DF-1 cell line. Moreover, CARD11 colocalized with the viral P protein and aggregated around the fibroblast nucleus, suggesting that an interaction existed between CARD11 and the viral P protein; this interaction was further examined by suppressing viral RNA polymerase activity by using a minigenome assay. Viral replication was inhibited by CARD11 in fibroblasts, and this result was consistent with our previous report in chicken neurons. Importantly, CARD11 was observed to reduce the syncytia induced by either velogenic virus infection or viral haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and F cotransfection in fibroblasts. We found that CARD11 inhibited the expression of the host protease furin, which is essential for cleavage of the viral F protein to trigger fusogenic activity. Furthermore, the CARD11-Bcl10-MALT1 (CBM) signalosome was found to suppress furin expression, which resulted in a reduction in the cleavage efficiency of the viral F protein to further inhibit viral syncytia. Taken together, our findings mainly demonstrated a novel CARD11 inhibitory mechanism for viral fusogenic activity in chicken fibroblasts, and this mechanism explains the antiviral roles of this molecule in NDV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, China
| | - Qiaolin Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qiqi Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yongshan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Youkun Bi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhongyuan Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Haijin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xuelan Liu
- Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, China
| | - Zengqi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Sa Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Mazzone P, Congestrì M, Scudiero I, Polvere I, Voccola S, Zerillo L, Telesio G, Vito P, Stilo R, Zotti T. UBAC1/KPC2 Regulates TLR3 Signaling in Human Keratinocytes through Functional Interaction with the CARD14/CARMA2sh-TANK Complex. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249365. [PMID: 33316896 PMCID: PMC7764236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CARD14/CARMA2 is a scaffold molecule whose genetic alterations are linked to human inherited inflammatory skin disorders. However, the mechanisms through which CARD14/CARMA2 controls innate immune response and chronic inflammation are not well understood. By means of a yeast two-hybrid screening, we identified the UBA Domain Containing 1 (UBAC1), the non-catalytic subunit of the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase KPC complex, as an interactor of CARMA2sh, the CARD14/CARMA2 isoform mainly expressed in human keratinocytes. UBAC1 participates in the CARMA2sh/TANK complex and promotes K63-linked ubiquitination of TANK. In human keratinocytes, UBAC1 negatively regulates the NF-κF-activating capacity of CARMA2sh following exposure to poly (I:C), an agonist of Toll-like Receptor 3. Overall, our data indicate that UBAC1 participates in the inflammatory signal transduction pathways involving CARMA2sh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pellegrino Mazzone
- Biogem Consortium, Via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino (AV), Italy; (P.M.); (I.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Michele Congestrì
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Port’Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (M.C.); (I.P.); (R.S.); (T.Z.)
| | - Ivan Scudiero
- Biogem Consortium, Via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino (AV), Italy; (P.M.); (I.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Immacolata Polvere
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Port’Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (M.C.); (I.P.); (R.S.); (T.Z.)
- Genus Biotech, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Appia snc, 82030 Apollosa (BN), Italy; (S.V.); (L.Z.)
| | - Serena Voccola
- Genus Biotech, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Appia snc, 82030 Apollosa (BN), Italy; (S.V.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lucrezia Zerillo
- Genus Biotech, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Appia snc, 82030 Apollosa (BN), Italy; (S.V.); (L.Z.)
| | - Gianluca Telesio
- Biogem Consortium, Via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino (AV), Italy; (P.M.); (I.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Pasquale Vito
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Port’Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (M.C.); (I.P.); (R.S.); (T.Z.)
- Genus Biotech, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Appia snc, 82030 Apollosa (BN), Italy; (S.V.); (L.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0824305105
| | - Romania Stilo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Port’Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (M.C.); (I.P.); (R.S.); (T.Z.)
| | - Tiziana Zotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Port’Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (M.C.); (I.P.); (R.S.); (T.Z.)
- Genus Biotech, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Appia snc, 82030 Apollosa (BN), Italy; (S.V.); (L.Z.)
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Mellett M. Regulation and dysregulation of CARD14 signalling and its physiological consequences in inflammatory skin disease. Cell Immunol 2020; 354:104147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Host CARD11 Inhibits Newcastle Disease Virus Replication by Suppressing Viral Polymerase Activity in Neurons. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.01499-19. [PMID: 31554683 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01499-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Host factors play multiple essential roles in the replication and pathogenesis of mammalian neurotropic viruses. However, the cellular proteins of the central nervous system (CNS) involved in avian neurotropic virus infection have not been completely elucidated. Here, we employed a gene microarray to identify caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 11 (CARD11), a lymphoma-associated scaffold protein presenting brain-specific upregulated expression in a virulent neurotropic Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-infected natural host. Chicken primary neuronal cells infected with NDV appeared slightly syncytial and died quickly. CARD11 overexpression inhibited viral replication and delayed cytopathic effects; conversely, depletion of CARD11 enhanced viral replication and cytopathic effects in chicken primary neuronal cells. The inhibition of viral replication by CARD11 could not be blocked with CARD11-Bcl10-MALT1 (CBM) signalosome and NF-κB signaling inhibitors. CARD11 was found to interact directly with the viral phosphoprotein (P) through its CC1 domain and the X domain of P; this X domain also mediated the interaction between P and the viral large polymerase protein (L). The CARD11 CC1 domain and L competitively bound to P via the X domain that hindered the P-L interaction of the viral ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex, resulting in a reduction of viral polymerase activity in a minigenome assay and inhibition of viral replication. Animal experiments further revealed that CARD11 contributed to viral replication inhibition and neuropathology in infected chicken brains. Taken together, our findings identify CARD11 as a brain-specific antiviral factor of NDV infection in avian species.IMPORTANCE Newcastle disease virus (NDV) substantially impacts the poultry industry worldwide and causes viral encephalitis and neurological disorders leading to brain damage, paralysis, and death. The mechanism of interaction between this neurotropic virus and the avian central nervous system (CNS) is largely unknown. Here, we report that host protein CARD11 presented brain-specific upregulated expression that inhibited NDV replication, which was not due to CARD11-Bcl10-MALT1 (CBM) complex-triggered activation of its downstream signaling pathways. The inhibitory mechanism of viral replication is through the CARD11 CC1 domain, and the viral large polymerase protein (L) competitively interacts with the X domain of the viral phosphoprotein (P), which hampers the P-L interaction, suppressing the viral polymerase activity and viral replication. An in vivo study indicated that CARD11 alleviated neuropathological lesions and reduced viral replication in chicken brains. These results provide insight into the interaction between NDV infection and the host defense in the CNS and a potential antiviral target for viral neural diseases.
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10
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Peng L, He K, Cao Z, Bi L, Yu D, Wang Q, Wang J. CARD10 promotes the progression of renal cell carcinoma by regulating the NF‑κB signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2019; 21:329-337. [PMID: 31939627 PMCID: PMC6896372 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that the expression of CARD10 is closely associated with the occurrence of tumors, and its role is mainly to promote tumor progression by activating the transcription factor NF-κB. However, the signaling pathway in renal cancer remains unclear. The objective of the present study was to investigate the ability of caspase recruitment domain 10 (CARD10) to regulate the NF-κB signaling pathway and promote the progression of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Expression of CARD10 in ACHN, 786-O and HK-2 cells was evaluated via western blot analysis, as was the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced activation of NF-κB signaling pathway-related proteins in cells. The expression of CARD10 was inhibited by CARD10 short hairpin RNA transfection. Cell cycle analysis and MTT assays were used to evaluate cell proliferation. Cell apoptosis was analyzed via flow cytometry. The invasion of renal cell lines was detected via Transwell cell migration and invasion assays in vitro. The results showed that CARD10 expression was significantly higher in RCC cells than in normal renal tubular epithelial cells. CARD10 silencing inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration of RCC cells. EGF stimulation upregulated the activation of the NF-κB pathway in RCC cells. Inhibition of CARD10 expression inhibited NF-κB activation in RCC cells. Taken together, these data suggested that CARD10 promotes the progression of renal cell carcinoma by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway. Thus, this indicated that CARD10 may be a novel therapeutic target in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Peng
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Ke He
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Zhangjun Cao
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Liangkuan Bi
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Dexin Yu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Jinyou Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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11
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Hou H, Li WX, Cui X, Zhou DC, Zhang B, Geng XP. CARMA3/NF-κB signaling contributes to tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma and is inhibited by sodium aescinate. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:5483-5493. [PMID: 31576094 PMCID: PMC6767988 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i36.5483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a very malignant tumor in the world. CARMA3 plays an oncogenic role in the pathogenesis of various tumors. However, the function of CARMA3 in HCC has not been fully clarified.
AIM To study the biological function of CAEMA3 in HCC.
METHODS Tissue microarray slides including tissues form 100 HCC patients were applied to access the expression of CARMA3 in HCC and its clinical relevance. Knockdown and overexpression of CARMA3 were conducted with plasmid transfection. MTT, colony formation, and apoptosis assays were performed to check the biological activity of cells.
RESULTS Higher expression of CARMA3 in HCC was relevant to poor prognostic survival (P < 0.05). Down-regulation of CARMA3 inhibited proliferation and colony formation and induced apoptosis in HCC cell lines, while increasing its expression promoted tumorigenesis. We also found that sodium aescinate (SA), a natural herb extract, exerted anti-proliferation effects in HCC cells by suppressing the CARMA3/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway.
CONCLUSION Overexpression of CARMA3 in HCC tissues correlates with a poor prognosis in HCC patients. CARMA3 acts pro-tumorigenic effects partly through activation of CARMA3/NF-κB. SA inhibits HCC growth by targeting CARMA3/NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wei-Xiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiao Cui
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Da-Chen Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Geng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
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12
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Voccola S, Polvere I, Madera JR, Paolucci M, Varricchio E, Telesio G, Porcaro P, Vito P, Stilo R, Zotti T. CARD14/CARMA2sh and TANK differentially regulate poly(I:C)-induced inflammatory reaction in keratinocytes. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:1895-1902. [PMID: 31486084 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CARD14/CARMA2sh (CARMA2sh) is a scaffold protein whose mutations are associated with the onset of human genetic psoriasis and other inflammatory skin disorders. Here we show that the immunomodulatory adapter protein TRAF family member-associated NF-κB activator (TANK) forms a complex with CARMA2sh and MALT1 in a human keratinocytic cell line. We also show that CARMA2 and TANK are individually required to activate the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) response following exposure to polyinosinic-polycytidylic (poly [I:C]), an agonist of toll-like receptor 3. Finally, we present data indicating that TANK is essential for activation of the TBK1/IRF3 pathway following poly (I:C) stimulation, whereas CARMA2sh functions as a repressor of it. More important, we report that two CARMA2sh mutants associated with psoriasis bind less efficiently to TANK and are therefore less effective in suppressing the TBK1/IRF3 pathway. Overall, our data indicate that TANK and CARMA2sh regulate TLR3 signaling in human keratinocytes, which could play a role in the pathophysiology of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Voccola
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy.,Genus Biotech, Università del Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Immacolata Polvere
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy.,Genus Biotech, Università del Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Jessica R Madera
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Marina Paolucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Ettore Varricchio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Gianluca Telesio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Piero Porcaro
- Genus Biotech, Università del Sannio, Benevento, Italy.,Consorzio Sannio Tech, Strada Statale Appia, Benevento, Benevento, Italy
| | - Pasquale Vito
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy.,Genus Biotech, Università del Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Romania Stilo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Tiziana Zotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy.,Genus Biotech, Università del Sannio, Benevento, Italy
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13
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Dainichi T, Matsumoto R, Mostafa A, Kabashima K. Immune Control by TRAF6-Mediated Pathways of Epithelial Cells in the EIME (Epithelial Immune Microenvironment). Front Immunol 2019; 10:1107. [PMID: 31156649 PMCID: PMC6532024 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the protective responses of epithelial tissues, not only immune cells but also non-immune cells directly respond to external agents. Epithelial cells can be involved in the organization of immune responses through two phases. First, the exogenous harmful agents trigger the primary responses of the epithelial cells leading to various types of immune cell activation. Second, cytokines produced by the immune cells that are activated directly by the external agents and indirectly by the epithelial cell products elicit the secondary responses giving rise to further propagation of immune responses. TRAF6 is a ubiquitin E3 ligase, which intermediates between various types of receptors for exogenous agents or endogenous mediators and activation of subsequent transcriptional responses via NF-kappaB and MAPK pathways. TRAF6 ubiquitously participates in many protective responses in immune and non-immune cells. Particularly, epithelial TRAF6 has an essential role in the primary and secondary responses via driving type 17 response in psoriatic inflammation of the skin. Consistently, many psoriasis susceptibility genes encode the TRAF6 signaling players, such as ACT1 (TRAF3IP2), A20 (TNFAIP3), ABIN1 (TNIP1), IL-36Ra (IL36RN), IkappaBzeta (NFKBIZ), and CARD14. Herein, we describe the principal functions of TRAF6, especially in terms of positive and regulatory immune controls by interaction between immune cells and epithelial cells. In addition, we discuss how TRAF6 in the epithelial cells can organize the differentiation of immune responses and drive inflammatory loops in the epithelial immune microenvironment, which is termed EIME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruki Dainichi
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Reiko Matsumoto
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Alshimaa Mostafa
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN) and Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
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14
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Israel L, Mellett M. Clinical and Genetic Heterogeneity of CARD14 Mutations in Psoriatic Skin Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2239. [PMID: 30386326 PMCID: PMC6198054 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The CARD: BCL10: MALT1 (CBM) complex is an essential signaling node for maintaining both innate and adaptive immune responses. CBM complex components have gained considerable interest due to the dramatic effects of associated mutations in causing severe lymphomas, immunodeficiencies, carcinomas and inflammatory disease. While MALT1 and BCL10 are ubiquitous proteins, the CARD-containing proteins differ in their tissue expression. CARD14 is primarily expressed in keratinocytes. The CARD14-BCL10-MALT1 complex is activated by upstream pathogen-associated molecular pattern-recognition in vitro, highlighting a potentially crucial role in innate immune defense at the epidermal barrier. Recent findings have demonstrated how CARD14 orchestrates activation of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways via recruitment of BCL10 and MALT1, leading to the upregulation of pro-inflammatory genes encoding IL-36γ, IL-8, Ccl20 and anti-microbial peptides. Following the identification of CARD14 gain-of function mutations as responsible for the psoriasis susceptibility locus PSORS2, the past years have witnessed a large volume of case reports and association studies describing CARD14 variants as causal or predisposing to a wide range of inflammatory skin disorders. Recent publications of mouse models also helped to better understand the physiological contribution of CARD14 to psoriasis pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize the clinical, genetic and functional aspects of human and murine CARD14 mutations and their contribution to psoriatic disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Israel
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mark Mellett
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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15
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Zotti T, Polvere I, Voccola S, Vito P, Stilo R. CARD14/CARMA2 Signaling and its Role in Inflammatory Skin Disorders. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2167. [PMID: 30319628 PMCID: PMC6168666 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CARMA proteins represent a family of scaffold molecules which play several crucial biological functions, including regulation of immune response and inflammation, tissue homeostasis, and modulation of G-Protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR) signaling. Among the CARMA proteins, CARD14/CARMA2 and its alternatively spliced isoforms are specifically expressed in epithelial cells and keratinocytes. Recent evidences have shown that CARD14/CARMA2 mediates induction of inflammatory response in keratinocytes, and that mutations in CARD14/CARMA2 gene segregate with familial transmission of chronic inflammatory disorders of the human skin. Similarly to CARD11/CARMA1 and CARD10/CARMA3, CARD14/CARMA2 signaling occurs trough formation of a trimeric complex which includes BCL10 and MALT1 proteins. However, it is becoming increasingly evident that in addition to the CBM complex components, a number of accessory molecules are able to finely modulate the signals conveyed on and amplified by CARD14/CARMA2. The study of these molecules is important both to understand the molecular mechanisms that underlie the role of CARMA2 in keratinocytes and because they represent potential therapeutic targets for the development of therapeutic strategies aiming at the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the human skin. In this review, we provide an overview on the molecular mechanisms mediating CARD14/CARMA2 signaling and its implication in our understanding of the pathogenesis of human inflammatory skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Zotti
- Genus Biotechnology, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Immacolata Polvere
- Genus Biotechnology, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Serena Voccola
- Genus Biotechnology, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Pasquale Vito
- Genus Biotechnology, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Romania Stilo
- Genus Biotechnology, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy
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16
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Mellett M, Meier B, Mohanan D, Schairer R, Cheng P, Satoh TK, Kiefer B, Ospelt C, Nobbe S, Thome M, Contassot E, French LE. CARD14 Gain-of-Function Mutation Alone Is Sufficient to Drive IL-23/IL-17–Mediated Psoriasiform Skin Inflammation In Vivo. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:2010-2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.1525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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17
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McAuley JR, Freeman TJ, Ekambaram P, Lucas PC, McAllister-Lucas LM. CARMA3 Is a Critical Mediator of G Protein-Coupled Receptor and Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-Driven Solid Tumor Pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1887. [PMID: 30158935 PMCID: PMC6104486 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The CARMA–Bcl10–MALT1 (CBM) signalosome is an intracellular protein complex composed of a CARMA scaffolding protein, the Bcl10 linker protein, and the MALT1 protease. This complex was first recognized because the genes encoding its components are targeted by mutation and chromosomal translocation in lymphoid malignancy. We now know that the CBM signalosome plays a critical role in normal lymphocyte function by mediating antigen receptor-dependent activation of the pro-inflammatory, pro-survival NF-κB transcription factor, and that deregulation of this signaling complex promotes B-cell lymphomagenesis. More recently, we and others have demonstrated that a CBM signalosome also operates in cells outside of the immune system, including in several solid tumors. While CARMA1 (also referred to as CARD11) is expressed primarily within lymphoid tissues, the related scaffolding protein, CARMA3 (CARD10), is more widely expressed and participates in a CARMA3-containing CBM complex in a variety of cell types. The CARMA3-containing CBM complex operates downstream of specific G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and/or growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Since inappropriate expression and activation of GPCRs and/or RTKs underlies the pathogenesis of several solid tumors, there is now great interest in elucidating the contribution of CARMA3-mediated cellular signaling in these malignancies. Here, we summarize the key discoveries leading to our current understanding of the role of CARMA3 in solid tumor biology and highlight the current gaps in our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Randall McAuley
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Tanner J Freeman
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Prasanna Ekambaram
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Peter C Lucas
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Linda M McAllister-Lucas
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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18
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Yamamoto-Furusho JK, Fonseca-Camarillo G, Furuzawa-Carballeda J, Sarmiento-Aguilar A, Barreto-Zuñiga R, Martínez-Benitez B, Lara-Velazquez MA. Caspase recruitment domain (CARD) family (CARD9, CARD10, CARD11, CARD14 and CARD15) are increased during active inflammation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2018; 15:13. [PMID: 30008619 PMCID: PMC6042317 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-018-0189-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background The CARD family plays an important role in innate immune response by the activation of NF-κB. The aim of this study was to determine the gene expression and to enumerate the protein-expressing cells of some members of the CARD family (CARD9, CARD10, CARD11, CARD14 and CARD15) in patients with IBD and normal controls without colonic inflammation. Methods We included 48 UC patients, 10 Crohn’s disease (CD) patients and 18 non-inflamed controls. Gene expression was performed by RT-PCR and protein expression by immunohistochemistry. CARD-expressing cells were assessed by estimating the positively staining cells and reported as the percentage. Results The CARD9 and CARD10 gene expression was significantly higher in UC groups compared with CD (P < 0.001). CARD11 had lower gene expression in UC than in CD patients (P < 0.001). CARD14 gene expression was higher in the group with active UC compared to non-inflamed controls (P < 0.001). The low expression of CARD14 gene was associated with a benign clinical course of UC, characterized by initial activity followed by long-term remission longer than 5 years (P = 0.01, OR = 0.07, 95%CI:0.007–0.70). CARD15 gene expression was lower in UC patients versus CD (P = 0.004). CARD9 protein expression was detected in inflammatory infiltrates; CARD14 in parenchymal cells, while CARD15 in inflammatory and parenchymal cells. CARD9−, CARD14− and CARD15 − expressing cells were significantly higher in patients with active UC versus non-inflamed controls (P < 0.05). Conclusion The CARD family is involved in the inflammatory process and might be involved in the IBD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús K Yamamoto-Furusho
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, CP, 14000 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Fonseca-Camarillo
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, CP, 14000 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Janette Furuzawa-Carballeda
- 2Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Andrea Sarmiento-Aguilar
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, CP, 14000 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rafael Barreto-Zuñiga
- 3Department of Endoscopy, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Braulio Martínez-Benitez
- 4Department of Pathology, National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Montserrat A Lara-Velazquez
- 5Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, C.P. Coyoacán, 04360 México City, Mexico
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19
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Staal J, Driege Y, Haegman M, Borghi A, Hulpiau P, Lievens L, Gul IS, Sundararaman S, Gonçalves A, Dhondt I, Pinzón JH, Braeckman BP, Technau U, Saeys Y, van Roy F, Beyaert R. Ancient Origin of the CARD-Coiled Coil/Bcl10/MALT1-Like Paracaspase Signaling Complex Indicates Unknown Critical Functions. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1136. [PMID: 29881386 PMCID: PMC5978004 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The CARD–coiled coil (CC)/Bcl10/MALT1-like paracaspase (CBM) signaling complexes composed of a CARD–CC family member (CARD-9, -10, -11, or -14), Bcl10, and the type 1 paracaspase MALT1 (PCASP1) play a pivotal role in immunity, inflammation, and cancer. Targeting MALT1 proteolytic activity is of potential therapeutic interest. However, little is known about the evolutionary origin and the original functions of the CBM complex. Type 1 paracaspases originated before the last common ancestor of planulozoa (bilaterians and cnidarians). Notably in bilaterians, Ecdysozoa (e.g., nematodes and insects) lacks Bcl10, whereas other lineages have a Bcl10 homolog. A survey of invertebrate CARD–CC homologs revealed such homologs only in species with Bcl10, indicating an ancient common origin of the entire CBM complex. Furthermore, vertebrate-like Syk/Zap70 tyrosine kinase homologs with the ITAM-binding SH2 domain were only found in invertebrate organisms with CARD–CC/Bcl10, indicating that this pathway might be related to the original function of the CBM complex. Moreover, the type 1 paracaspase sequences from invertebrate organisms that have CARD–CC/Bcl10 are more similar to vertebrate paracaspases. Functional analysis of protein–protein interactions, NF-κB signaling, and CYLD cleavage for selected invertebrate type 1 paracaspase and Bcl10 homologs supports this scenario and indicates an ancient origin of the CARD–CC/Bcl10/paracaspase signaling complex. By contrast, many of the known MALT1-associated activities evolved fairly recently, indicating that unknown functions are at the basis of the protein conservation. As a proof-of-concept, we provide initial evidence for a CBM- and NF-κB-independent neuronal function of the Caenorhabditis elegans type 1 paracaspase malt-1. In conclusion, this study shows how evolutionary insights may point at alternative functions of MALT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Staal
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yasmine Driege
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mira Haegman
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alice Borghi
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paco Hulpiau
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Unit of Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laurens Lievens
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ismail Sahin Gul
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Unit of Molecular Cell Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Srividhya Sundararaman
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Unit of Molecular Cell Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Amanda Gonçalves
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Bio Imaging Core Gent, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ineke Dhondt
- Laboratory for Aging Physiology and Molecular Evolution, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jorge H Pinzón
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Bart P Braeckman
- Laboratory for Aging Physiology and Molecular Evolution, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ulrich Technau
- Department of Molecular Evolution and Development, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yvan Saeys
- Unit of Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frans van Roy
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Unit of Molecular Cell Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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20
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Bardet M, Unterreiner A, Malinverni C, Lafossas F, Vedrine C, Boesch D, Kolb Y, Kaiser D, Glück A, Schneider MA, Katopodis A, Renatus M, Simic O, Schlapbach A, Quancard J, Régnier CH, Bold G, Pissot-Soldermann C, Carballido JM, Kovarik J, Calzascia T, Bornancin F. The T-cell fingerprint of MALT1 paracaspase revealed by selective inhibition. Immunol Cell Biol 2017; 96:81-99. [DOI: 10.1111/imcb.1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Bardet
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Novartis Campus; Basel Switzerland
| | - Adeline Unterreiner
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Novartis Campus; Basel Switzerland
| | - Claire Malinverni
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Novartis Campus; Basel Switzerland
| | - Frédérique Lafossas
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Novartis Campus; Basel Switzerland
| | - Corinne Vedrine
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Novartis Campus; Basel Switzerland
| | - Danielle Boesch
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Novartis Campus; Basel Switzerland
| | - Yeter Kolb
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Novartis Campus; Basel Switzerland
| | - Daniel Kaiser
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Novartis Campus; Basel Switzerland
| | - Anton Glück
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Novartis Campus; Basel Switzerland
| | - Martin A Schneider
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Novartis Campus; Basel Switzerland
| | - Andreas Katopodis
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Novartis Campus; Basel Switzerland
| | - Martin Renatus
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Novartis Campus; Basel Switzerland
| | - Oliver Simic
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Novartis Campus; Basel Switzerland
| | - Achim Schlapbach
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Novartis Campus; Basel Switzerland
| | - Jean Quancard
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Novartis Campus; Basel Switzerland
| | - Catherine H Régnier
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Novartis Campus; Basel Switzerland
| | - Guido Bold
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Novartis Campus; Basel Switzerland
| | | | - José M Carballido
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Novartis Campus; Basel Switzerland
| | - Jiri Kovarik
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Novartis Campus; Basel Switzerland
| | - Thomas Calzascia
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Novartis Campus; Basel Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Bornancin
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Novartis Campus; Basel Switzerland
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21
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The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase RNF7 Negatively Regulates CARD14/CARMA2sh Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122581. [PMID: 29194363 PMCID: PMC5751184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The three CARD-containing MAGUK (CARMA) proteins function as scaffolding molecules that regulate activation of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB. Recently, mutations in CARMA2 have been linked to psoriasis susceptibility due to their acquired altered capacity to activate NF-κB. By means of two-hybrid screening with yeast, we identified RING finger protein 7 (RNF7) as an interactor of CARMA2. We present evidence that RNF7 functions as a negative regulator of the NF-κB-activating capacity of CARMA2. Mechanistically, RNF7 influences CARMA2 signaling by regulating the ubiquitination state of MALT1 and the NF-κB-regulatory molecule NEMO. Interestingly, CARMA2short (CARMA2sh) mutants associated with psoriasis susceptibility escape the negative control exerted by RNF7. In conclusion, our findings identify a new mechanism through which the ability of CARMA2 to activate NF-κB is regulated, which could have significant implications for our understanding of why mutations of this protein trigger human psoriasis.
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22
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Gazendam RP, van de Geer A, Roos D, van den Berg TK, Kuijpers TW. How neutrophils kill fungi. Immunol Rev 2017; 273:299-311. [PMID: 27558342 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils play a critical role in the prevention of invasive fungal infections. Whereas mouse studies have demonstrated the role of various neutrophil pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs), signal transduction pathways, and cytotoxicity in the murine antifungal immune response, much less is known about the killing of fungi by human neutrophils. Recently, novel primary immunodeficiencies have been identified in patients with a susceptibility to fungal infections. These human 'knock-out' neutrophils expand our knowledge to understand the role of PRRs and signaling in human fungal killing. From the studies with these patients it is becoming clear that neutrophils employ fundamentally distinct mechanisms to kill Candida albicans or Aspergillus fumigatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel P Gazendam
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie van de Geer
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Roos
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timo K van den Berg
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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23
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CARD14-Mediated Activation of Paracaspase MALT1 in Keratinocytes: Implications for Psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:569-575. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Scudiero I, Mazzone P, D'Andrea LE, Ferravante A, Zotti T, Telesio G, De Rubis G, Reale C, Pizzulo M, Muralitharan S, Vito P, Stilo R. CARMA2sh and ULK2 control pathogen-associated molecular patterns recognition in human keratinocytes: psoriasis-linked CARMA2sh mutants escape ULK2 censorship. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2627. [PMID: 28230860 PMCID: PMC5386493 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The molecular complexes formed by specific members of the family of CARMA proteins, the CARD domain-containing adapter molecule BCL10 and MALT1 (CBM complex) represent a central hub in regulating activation of the pleiotropic transcription factor NF-κB. Recently, missense mutations in CARMA2sh have been shown to cause psoriasis in a dominant manner and with high penetrancy. Here, we demonstrate that in human keratinocytes CARMA2sh plays an essential role in the signal transduction pathway that connects pathogen-associated molecular patterns recognition to NF-κB activation. We also find that the serine/threonine kinase ULK2 binds to and phosphorylates CARMA2sh, thereby inhibiting its capacity to activate NF-κB by promoting lysosomal degradation of BCL10, which is essential for CARMA2sh-mediated NF-κB signaling. Remarkably, CARMA2sh mutants associated with psoriasis escape ULK2 inhibition. Finally, we show that a peptide blocking CARD-mediated BCL10 interactions reduces the capacity of psoriasis-linked CARMA2sh mutants to activate NF-κB. Our work elucidates a fundamental signaling mechanism operating in human keratinocytes and opens to novel potential tools for the therapeutical treatment of human skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tiziana Zotti
- Genus Biotechnology, Universita' del Sannio, Via Port'Arsa 10, Benevento, Italy
| | | | | | - Carla Reale
- Biogem, Via Camporeale, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | | | | | - Pasquale Vito
- Biogem, Via Camporeale, Ariano Irpino, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università del Sannio, Via Port'Arsa 10, Benevento, Italy
| | - Romania Stilo
- Biogem, Via Camporeale, Ariano Irpino, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università del Sannio, Via Port'Arsa 10, Benevento, Italy
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25
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Zhou T, Souzeau E, Sharma S, Siggs OM, Goldberg I, Healey PR, Graham S, Hewitt AW, Mackey DA, Casson RJ, Landers J, Mills R, Ellis J, Leo P, Brown MA, MacGregor S, Burdon KP, Craig JE. Rare variants in optic disc area gene CARD10 enriched in primary open-angle glaucoma. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2016; 4:624-633. [PMID: 27896285 PMCID: PMC5118207 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified association of common alleles with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and its quantitative endophenotypes near numerous genes. This study aims to determine whether rare pathogenic variants in these disease-associated genes contribute to POAG. METHODS Participants fulfilled strict inclusion criteria of advanced POAG at a young age of diagnosis. Myocilin mutation carriers were excluded using direct sequencing. Whole exome sequencing was performed on 187 glaucoma cases and 103 local screened nonglaucoma controls then joint-called with exomes of 993 previously sequenced Australian controls. GWAS-associated genes were assessed for enrichment of rare predicted pathogenic variants in POAG. Significantly enriched genes were compared against Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC) public control. RESULTS Eighty-six GWAS disease or trait-associated glaucoma genes were captured and sequenced. CARD10 showed enrichment after Bonferroni correction for rare variants in glaucoma cases (OR = 13.2, P = 6.94 × 10-5) with mutations identified in 4.28% of our POAG cohort compared to 0.27% in controls. CARD10 was significantly associated with optic disc parameters in previous GWAS. The whole GWAS gene set showed no enrichment in POAG overall (OR = 1.12, P = 0.51). CONCLUSION We report here an enrichment of rare predicted pathogenic coding variants within a GWAS-associated locus in POAG (CARD10). These findings indicate that both common and rare pathogenic coding variants in CARD10 may contribute to POAG pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiger Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology Flinders University Adelaide SA Australia
| | | | - Shiwani Sharma
- Department of Ophthalmology Flinders University Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Owen M Siggs
- Department of Ophthalmology Flinders University Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Ivan Goldberg
- Discipline of OphthalmologyUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia; Glaucoma UnitSydney Eye HospitalSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Paul R Healey
- Discipline of Ophthalmology University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Stuart Graham
- Discipline of Ophthalmology University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of Tasmania Hobart TAS Australia
| | - David A Mackey
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science Lions Eye Institute University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia
| | - Robert J Casson
- Discipline of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | - John Landers
- Department of Ophthalmology Flinders University Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Richard Mills
- Department of Ophthalmology Flinders University Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Jonathan Ellis
- Diamantina Institute Translational Research Institute Princess Alexandra Hospital University of Queensland Woolloongabba QLD Australia
| | - Paul Leo
- Diamantina Institute Translational Research Institute Princess Alexandra Hospital University of Queensland Woolloongabba QLD Australia
| | - Matthew A Brown
- Diamantina Institute Translational Research Institute Princess Alexandra Hospital University of Queensland Woolloongabba QLD Australia
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Statistical Genetics QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Royal Brisbane Hospital Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Kathryn P Burdon
- Department of OphthalmologyFlinders UniversityAdelaideSAAustralia; Menzies Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTASAustralia
| | - Jamie E Craig
- Department of Ophthalmology Flinders University Adelaide SA Australia
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26
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Afonina IS, Van Nuffel E, Baudelet G, Driege Y, Kreike M, Staal J, Beyaert R. The paracaspase MALT1 mediates CARD14-induced signaling in keratinocytes. EMBO Rep 2016; 17:914-27. [PMID: 27113748 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201642109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in CARD14 have recently been linked to psoriasis susceptibility. CARD14 is an epidermal regulator of NF-κB activation. However, the ability of CARD14 to activate other signaling pathways as well as the biochemical mechanisms that mediate and regulate its function remain to be determined. Here, we report that in addition to NF-κB signaling, CARD14 activates p38 and JNK MAP kinase pathways, all of which are dependent on the paracaspase MALT1. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that CARD14 physically interacts with paracaspase MALT1 and activates MALT1 proteolytic activity and inflammatory gene expression, which are enhanced by psoriasis-associated CARD14 mutations. Moreover, we show that MALT1 deficiency or pharmacological inhibition of MALT1 catalytic activity inhibits pathogenic mutant CARD14-induced cytokine and chemokine expression in human primary keratinocytes. Collectively, our findings demonstrate a novel role for MALT1 in CARD14-induced signaling and indicate MALT1 as a valuable therapeutic target in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna S Afonina
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, Inflammation Research Center VIB, Ghent, Belgium Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elien Van Nuffel
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, Inflammation Research Center VIB, Ghent, Belgium Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Griet Baudelet
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, Inflammation Research Center VIB, Ghent, Belgium Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yasmine Driege
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, Inflammation Research Center VIB, Ghent, Belgium Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marja Kreike
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, Inflammation Research Center VIB, Ghent, Belgium Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jens Staal
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, Inflammation Research Center VIB, Ghent, Belgium Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, Inflammation Research Center VIB, Ghent, Belgium Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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27
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Hulpiau P, Driege Y, Staal J, Beyaert R. MALT1 is not alone after all: identification of novel paracaspases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1103-16. [PMID: 26377317 PMCID: PMC11108557 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2041-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Paracaspases and metacaspases are two families of caspase-like proteins identified in 2000. Up until now paracaspases were considered a single gene family with one known non-metazoan paracaspase in the slime mold Dictyostelium and a single animal paracaspase called MALT1. Human MALT1 is a critical signaling component in many innate and adaptive immunity pathways that drive inflammation, and when it is overly active, it can also cause certain forms of cancer. Here, we report the identification and functional analysis of two new vertebrate paracaspases, PCASP2 and PCASP3. Functional characterization indicates that both scaffold and protease functions are conserved across the three vertebrate paralogs. This redundancy might explain the loss of two of the paralogs in mammals and one in Xenopus. Several of the vertebrate paracaspases currently have incorrect or ambiguous annotations. We propose to annotate them accordingly as PCASP1, PCASP2, and PCASP3 similar to the caspase gene nomenclature. A comprehensive search in other metazoans and in non-metazoan species identified additional new paracaspases. We also discovered the first animal metacaspase in the sponge Amphimedon. Comparative analysis of the active site suggests that paracaspases constitute one of the several subclasses of metacaspases that have evolved several times independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paco Hulpiau
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yasmine Driege
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jens Staal
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
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28
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Interaction of CARD14, SENP1 and VEGFA polymorphisms on susceptibility to high altitude polycythemia in the Han Chinese population at the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2016; 57:13-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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29
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Watt SA, Purdie KJ, den Breems NY, Dimon M, Arron ST, McHugh AT, Xue DJ, Dayal JHS, Proby CM, Harwood CA, Leigh IM, South AP. Novel CARD11 Mutations in Human Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Lead to Aberrant NF-κB Regulation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015. [PMID: 26212909 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
NF-κB signaling plays a crucial role in regulating proliferation and differentiation in the epidermis. Alterations in the NF-κB pathway can lead to skin pathologies with a significant burden to human health such as psoriasis and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Caspase recruitment domain (CARD)-containing scaffold proteins are key regulators of NF-κB signaling by providing a link between membrane receptors and NF-κB transcriptional subunits. Mutations in the CARD family member, CARD14, have been identified in patients with the inflammatory skin diseases psoriasis and pityriasis rubra pilaris. Here, we describe that the gene coding for another CARD scaffold protein, CARD11, is mutated in more than 38% of 111 cSCCs, and show that novel variants outside of the coiled-coil domain lead to constitutively activated NF-κB signaling. CARD11 protein expression was detectable in normal skin and increased in all cSCCs tested. CARD11 mRNA levels were comparable with CARD14 in normal skin and CARD11 mRNA was increased in cSCC. In addition, we identified CARD11 mutations in peritumoral and sun-exposed skin, suggesting that CARD11-mediated alterations in NF-κB signaling may be an early event in the development of cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Watt
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Karin J Purdie
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Michelle Dimon
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Sarah T Arron
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Angela T McHugh
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Dylan J Xue
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Jasbani H S Dayal
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte M Proby
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine A Harwood
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Irene M Leigh
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Centre for Cutaneous Research, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew P South
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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30
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Mazzone P, Scudiero I, Ferravante A, Paolucci M, D’Andrea LE, Varricchio E, Telesio G, De Maio C, Pizzulo M, Zotti T, Reale C, Vito P, Stilo R. Functional characterization of zebrafish (Danio rerio) Bcl10. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122365. [PMID: 25849213 PMCID: PMC4388727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexes formed by BCL10, MALT1 and specific members of the family of CARMA proteins (CBM complex), have recently focused much attention because they represent a central hub regulating activation of the transcription factor NF-κB following various cellular stimulations. In this manuscript, we report the functional characterization of a Danio rerio 241 amino acids polypeptide ortholog of the Caspase recruiting domain (CARD)-containing protein BCL10. Biochemical studies show that zebrafish Bcl10 (zBcl10) dimerizes and binds to components of the CBM complex. Fluorescence microscopy observations demonstrate that zBcl10 forms cytoplasmic filaments similar to that formed by human BCL10 (hBCL10). Functionally, in human cells zBcl10 is more effective in activating NF-κB compared to hBCL10, possibly due to the lack of carboxy-terminal inhibitory serine residues present in the human protein. Also, depletion experiments carried out through expression of short hairpin RNAs targeting hBCL10 indicate that zBcl10 can functionally replace the human protein. Finally, we show that the zebrafish cell line PAC2 is suitable to carry out reporter assays for monitoring the activation state of NF- kB transcription factor. In conclusion, this work shows that zebrafish may excellently serve as a model organism to study complex and intricate signal transduction pathways, such as those that control NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marina Paolucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università del Sannio, Via Port’ Arsa 10, Benevento, Italy
| | | | - Ettore Varricchio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università del Sannio, Via Port’ Arsa 10, Benevento, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Tiziana Zotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università del Sannio, Via Port’ Arsa 10, Benevento, Italy
| | - Carla Reale
- Biogem, Via Camporeale, Ariano Irpino (AV), Italy
| | - Pasquale Vito
- Biogem, Via Camporeale, Ariano Irpino (AV), Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università del Sannio, Via Port’ Arsa 10, Benevento, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Romania Stilo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università del Sannio, Via Port’ Arsa 10, Benevento, Italy
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31
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Mazzone P, Scudiero I, Coccia E, Ferravante A, Paolucci M, D'Andrea EL, Varricchio E, Pizzulo M, Reale C, Zotti T, Vito P, Stilo R. Functional characterization of a BCL10 isoform in the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. FEBS Open Bio 2015; 5:175-81. [PMID: 25834783 PMCID: PMC4372615 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The complexes formed by BCL10, MALT1 and CARMA proteins are key regulators of NF-κB activation. We report the functional characterization of tBCL10, a BCL10 isoform from the trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. tBCL10 can functionally replace the human protein. The rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss can serve as a model organism to study this pathway.
The complexes formed by BCL10, MALT1 and members of the family of CARMA proteins have recently been the focus of much attention because they represent a key mechanism for regulating activation of the transcription factor NF-κB. Here, we report the functional characterization of a novel isoform of BCL10 in the trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, which we named tBCL10. tBCL10 dimerizes, binds to components of the CBM complex and forms cytoplasmic filaments. Functionally, tBCL10 activates NF-κB transcription factor and is inhibited by the deubiquitinating enzyme A20. Finally, depletion experiments indicate that tBCL10 can functionally replace the human protein. This work demonstrates the evolutionary conservation of the mechanism of NF-κB activation through the CBM complex, and indicates that the rainbow trout O.mykiss can serve as a model organism to study this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena Coccia
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università del Sannio, Via Port' Arsa 10, Benevento, Italy
| | | | - Marina Paolucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università del Sannio, Via Port' Arsa 10, Benevento, Italy
| | | | - Ettore Varricchio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università del Sannio, Via Port' Arsa 10, Benevento, Italy
| | | | - Carla Reale
- Biogem, Via Camporeale, Ariano Irpino (AV), Italy
| | - Tiziana Zotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università del Sannio, Via Port' Arsa 10, Benevento, Italy
| | - Pasquale Vito
- Biogem, Via Camporeale, Ariano Irpino (AV), Italy ; Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università del Sannio, Via Port' Arsa 10, Benevento, Italy
| | - Romania Stilo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università del Sannio, Via Port' Arsa 10, Benevento, Italy
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Dunn HA, Ferguson SSG. PDZ Protein Regulation of G Protein–Coupled Receptor Trafficking and Signaling Pathways. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 88:624-39. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.098509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Boisson B, Quartier P, Casanova JL. Immunological loss-of-function due to genetic gain-of-function in humans: autosomal dominance of the third kind. Curr Opin Immunol 2015; 32:90-105. [PMID: 25645939 PMCID: PMC4364384 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
All the human primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) recognized as such in the 1950s were Mendelian traits and, whether autosomal or X-linked, displayed recessive inheritance. The first autosomal dominant (AD) PID, hereditary angioedema, was recognized in 1963. However, since the first identification of autosomal recessive (AR), X-linked recessive (XR) and AD PID-causing genes in 1985 (ADA; severe combined immunodeficiency), 1986 (CYBB, chronic granulomatous disease) and 1989 (SERPING1; hereditary angioedema), respectively, the number of genetically defined AD PIDs has increased more rapidly than that of any other type of PID. AD PIDs now account for 61 of the 260 known conditions (23%). All known AR PIDs are caused by alleles with some loss-of-function (LOF). A single XR PID is caused by gain-of-function (GOF) mutations (WASP-related neutropenia, 2001). In contrast, only 44 of 61 AD defects are caused by LOF alleles, which exert dominance by haploinsufficiency or negative dominance. Since 2003, up to 17 AD disorders of the third kind, due to GOF alleles, have been described. Remarkably, six of the 17 genes concerned also harbor monoallelic (STAT3), biallelic (C3, CFB, CARD11, PIK3R1) or both monoallelic and biallelic (STAT1) LOF alleles in patients with other clinical phenotypes. Most heterozygous GOF alleles result in auto-inflammation, auto-immunity, or both, with a wide range of immunological and clinical forms. Some also underlie infections and, fewer, allergies, by impairing or enhancing immunity to non-self. Malignancies are also rare. The enormous diversity of immunological and clinical phenotypes is thought provoking and mirrors the diversity and pleiotropy of the underlying genotypes. These experiments of nature provide a unique insight into the quantitative regulation of human immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Boisson
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Pierre Quartier
- Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris 75015, France
- Pediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris 75015, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris 75015, France
- Pediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris 75015, France
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris 75015, France
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D′ Andrea EL, Ferravante A, Scudiero I, Zotti T, Reale C, Pizzulo M, De La Motte LR, De Maio C, Mazzone P, Telesio G, Vito P, Stilo R. The Dishevelled, EGL-10 and pleckstrin (DEP) domain-containing protein DEPDC7 binds to CARMA2 and CARMA3 proteins, and regulates NF-κB activation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e116062. [PMID: 25541973 PMCID: PMC4277425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular complexes containing BCL10, MALT1 and CARMA proteins (CBM complex) have been recently identified as a key component in the signal transduction pathways that regulate activation of Nuclear Factor kappaB (NF-κB) transcription factor. Herein we identified the DEP domain-containing protein DEPDC7 as cellular binding partners of CARMA2 and CARMA3 proteins. DEPDC7 displays a cytosolic distribution and its expression induces NF-κB activation. Conversely, shRNA-mediated abrogation of DEPDC7 results in impaired NF-κB activation following G protein-coupled receptors stimulation, or stimuli that require CARMA2 and CARMA3, but not CARMA1. Thus, this study identifies DEPDC7 as a CARMA interacting molecule, and provides evidence that DEPDC7 may be required to specifically convey on the CBM complex signals coming from activated G protein-coupled receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egildo Luca D′ Andrea
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Port′Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | | | - Ivan Scudiero
- Biogem Consortium, Via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino (AV), Italy
| | - Tiziana Zotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Port′Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Carla Reale
- Biogem Consortium, Via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino (AV), Italy
| | | | - Luigi Regenburgh De La Motte
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Port′Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy
- Biogem Consortium, Via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino (AV), Italy
| | - Chiara De Maio
- Biogem Consortium, Via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino (AV), Italy
| | | | - Gianluca Telesio
- Biogem Consortium, Via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino (AV), Italy
| | - Pasquale Vito
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Port′Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy
- Biogem Consortium, Via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino (AV), Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Romania Stilo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Via Port′Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy
- SannioTech Consortium, Strada Statale Appia, Benevento, Italy
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