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Wang J, Yan H, Huo X, Li L, Wang H, Zhang M, Li X, Zhao Y, Chen G, Si J. New Sulfoxide-Containing Derivatives from the Resin of Ferula sinkiangensis. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:420-428. [PMID: 34015832 DOI: 10.1055/a-1495-5963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Four undescribed sulfoxide-containing derivatives, sinkiangenoxides A and B, (2Z, 4E)-sinkiangenoxide C, and (2E, 4E)-sinkiangenoxide C (1: - 4: ), and one known compound, 1-(methylthio)propyl (E)-1-propenyl disulfide (5: ), were isolated from the resin of Ferula sinkiangensis. Their structures were determined based on spectroscopic methods, including IR, UV, HRESIMS, NMR, and CD analysis. Compounds 2: - 4: showed moderate cytotoxic activities against four human cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 15.0 to 40.3 µM. Sinkiangenoxide B (2: ) was shown to induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells. In addition, compound 5: effectively attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide release and TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haoli Yan
- Center for Food and Drug Evaluation & Inspection of Henan, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Huo
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyu Li
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojin Li
- Xinjiang Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Ethical Materia Medica, Urumqi, China
| | - Yaqin Zhao
- Xinjiang Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Ethical Materia Medica, Urumqi, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Xinjiang Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Ethical Materia Medica, Urumqi, China
| | - Jianyong Si
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Duan J, Cao Y, Shen Z, Cheng Y, Ma Z, Wang L, Zhang Y, An Y, Sang S. 3D Bioprinted GelMA/PEGDA Hybrid Scaffold for Establishing an In Vitro Model of Melanoma. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:531-540. [PMID: 35058399 PMCID: PMC9628872 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2111.11003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Due to the high incidence of malignant melanoma, the establishment of in vitro models that recapitulate the tumor microenvironment is of great biological and clinical importance for tumor treatment and drug research. In this study, 3D printing technology was used to prepare GelMA/PEGDA composite scaffolds that mimic the microenvironment of human malignant melanoma cell (A375) growth and construct in vitro melanoma micro-models. The GelMA/PEGDA hybrid scaffold was tested by the mechanical property, cell live/dead assay, cell proliferation assay, cytoskeleton staining and drug loading assay. The growth of tumor cells in two- and three-dimensional culture systems and the anti-cancer effect of luteolin were evaluated using the live/dead staining method and the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) method. The results showed a high aggregation of tumor cells on the 3D scaffold, which was suitable for long-term culture. Cytoskeleton staining and immunofluorescent protein staining were used to evaluate the degree of differentiation of tumor cells under 2D and 3D culture systems. The results indicated that 3D bioprinted scaffolds were more suitable for tumor cell expansion and differentiation, and the tumor cells were more aggressive. In addition, luteolin was time- and dose-dependent on tumor cells, and tumor cells in the 3D culture system were more resistant to the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Duan
- MicroNano System Research Center, College of Information and Computer and Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Cao
- MicroNano System Research Center, College of Information and Computer and Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P.R. China,College of Information Science and Engineering, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, P.R. China
| | - Zhizhong Shen
- MicroNano System Research Center, College of Information and Computer and Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P.R. China
| | - Yongqiang Cheng
- MicroNano System Research Center, College of Information and Computer and Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P.R. China
| | - Zhuwei Ma
- MicroNano System Research Center, College of Information and Computer and Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P.R. China
| | - Lijing Wang
- MicroNano System Research Center, College of Information and Computer and Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P.R. China
| | - Yating Zhang
- MicroNano System Research Center, College of Information and Computer and Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P.R. China
| | - Yuchuan An
- MicroNano System Research Center, College of Information and Computer and Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P.R. China
| | - Shengbo Sang
- MicroNano System Research Center, College of Information and Computer and Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P.R. China,Corresponding author Phone: +86-0351-6010029 E-mail:
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3
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Li L, Meng Y, Wu X, Li J, Sun Y. Bromodomain-containing protein 4 inhibitor JQ1 promotes melanoma cell apoptosis by regulating mitochondrial dynamics. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:4013-4025. [PMID: 34252226 PMCID: PMC8486215 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the role of bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) in ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, lymphoma, and many other diseases is well known, its function in cutaneous melanoma is only partially understood. The results of the present study show that the BRD4 inhibitor JQ1 promotes the apoptosis of B16 melanoma cells by altering mitochondrial dynamics, thereby inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and increasing oxidative stress. We found that treatment of B16 cells with different concentrations of JQ1 (125 nmol/L or 250 nmol/L) significantly downregulated the expression of protein subunits involved in mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I, III, IV, and V, increased reactive oxygen species, induced energy metabolism dysfunction, significantly enhanced apoptosis, and activated the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. At the same time, JQ1 inhibited the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase, a metabolic energy sensor. In addition, we found that the mRNA and protein levels of mitochondrial dynamin-related protein 1 increased, whereas the levels of mitochondrial fusion protein 1 and optic atrophy protein 1 decreased. Mechanistically, we determined that JQ1 inhibited the expression of c-Myc and altered mitochondrial dynamics, eventually leading to changes in the mitochondrial function, metabolism, and apoptosis of B16 melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Prostate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research Center, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Meng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Prostate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research Center, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Prostate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research Center, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiajing Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Prostate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research Center, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuxin Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Chen X, Wang M, Hu Y, Gong T, Zhang ZR, Yu R, Fu Y. Low-dose paclitaxel via hyaluronan-functionalized bovine serum albumin nanoparticulate assembly for metastatic melanoma treatment. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:2139-2147. [PMID: 32090232 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02780g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to the critical role of CD44 in mediating cell adhesion and migration, CD44-targeted drug delivery via hyaluronan has been extensively explored. Herein, cationic bovine serum albumin nanoparticles were assembled with hyaluronan (HA) of various molecular weights via simple electrostatic interaction to afford hierarchical nanoparticles (HNPs) with various size distributions and structures. Next, HNPs obtained using 49 kDa HA have been used to encapsulate paclitaxel (PTX-HNPs), which demonstrated selective lung accumulation due to both size effect and CD44-mediated targetability. Biodistribution studies showed that HNPs enhanced the lung specific accumulation of HNPs in the C57BL/6 mice melanoma lung metastasis model. In the antitumor studies, compared with the Taxol or bovine serum albumin nanoparticle (NP) groups, PTX-HNPs significantly inhibited B16F10 lung metastasis at a relatively low dose. Additionally, cell migration and invasion experiments in vitro further confirmed that PTX-HNPs significantly inhibited the migration of B16F10 cells compared to Taxol or paclitaxel-loaded NP groups. Overall, our results suggest that PTX-HNPs represent a highly promising strategy for the treatment of lung metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Mou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Ying Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Tao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Zhi-Rong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Ruilian Yu
- Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Yao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Triphenylphosphonium derivatives disrupt metabolism and inhibit melanoma growth in vivo when delivered via a thermosensitive hydrogel. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244540. [PMID: 33378390 PMCID: PMC7773266 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite dramatic improvements in outcomes arising from the introduction of targeted therapies and immunotherapies, metastatic melanoma is a highly resistant form of cancer with 5 year survival rates of <35%. Drug resistance is frequently reported to be associated with changes in oxidative metabolism that lead to malignancy that is non-responsive to current treatments. The current report demonstrates that triphenylphosphonium(TPP)-based lipophilic cations can be utilized to induce cytotoxicity in pre-clinical models of malignant melanoma by disrupting mitochondrial metabolism. In vitro experiments demonstrated that TPP-derivatives modified with aliphatic side chains accumulated in melanoma cell mitochondria; disrupted mitochondrial metabolism; led to increases in steady-state levels of reactive oxygen species; decreased total glutathione; increased the fraction of glutathione disulfide; and caused cell killing by a thiol-dependent process that could be rescued by N-acetylcysteine. Furthermore, TPP-derivative-induced melanoma toxicity was enhanced by glutathione depletion (using buthionine sulfoximine) as well as inhibition of thioredoxin reductase (using auranofin). In addition, there was a structure-activity relationship between the aliphatic side-chain length of TPP-derivatives (5–16 carbons), where longer carbon chains increased melanoma cell metabolic disruption and cell killing. In vivo bio-distribution experiments showed that intratumoral administration of a C14-TPP-derivative (12-carbon aliphatic chain), using a slow-release thermosensitive hydrogel as a delivery vehicle, localized the drug at the melanoma tumor site. There, it was observed to persist and decrease the growth rate of melanoma tumors. These results demonstrate that TPP-derivatives selectively induce thiol-dependent metabolic oxidative stress and cell killing in malignant melanoma and support the hypothesis that a hydrogel-based TPP-derivative delivery system could represent a therapeutic drug-delivery strategy for melanoma.
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Development of a carrier system containing hyaluronic acid and protamine for siRNA delivery in the treatment of melanoma. Invest New Drugs 2020; 39:66-76. [PMID: 32794135 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-020-00986-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) in melanoma treatment remains limited owing to its biological properties. Herein, we developed a carrier system containing hyaluronic acid and protamine for siRNA delivery. Considering zeta potential and particle size as standards, the ratio of each component in liposome nanoparticles prepared was screened using the control variable method, and siRNA cationic liposome nanoparticles were prepared based on the optimal results obtained. The encapsulation rate of the cationic liposome nanoparticles was measured, and particle morphology was observed. B16F10 cells were treated with the nanoparticles; 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay, cell scratch experiments, and cell uptake experiments were performed to determine the effectiveness of the loaded siRNA. A mouse model was then established, and tumour tissues were subjected to haematoxylin-eosin staining. The inhibition of the survivin gene and protein expression were assessed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. The results showed that the optimal mass ratio of hyaluronic acid (HA)-siRNA-to-protamine was 1.0; in the HA-siRNA-protamine complex containing 25 μg siRNA, the addition of 50 μL liposomes yielded optimal particles. And encapsulation rate was 85.07%. The nanoparticles demonstrated a significant inhibitory effect against melanoma cells; siRNA liposomes may inhibit tumour growth by down-regulating survivin. Survivin-siRNA cationic liposome nanoparticles could effectively inhibit the proliferation and migration of melanoma B16F10 cells in vitro and the proliferation of subcutaneous melanoma B16F10 cells, probably by inhibiting survivin mRNA and protein expression. Graphical abstract.
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Massari NA, Nicoud MB, Medina VA. Histamine receptors and cancer pharmacology: an update. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:516-538. [PMID: 30414378 PMCID: PMC7012953 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present review, we will discuss the recent advances in the understanding of the role of histamine and histamine receptors in cancer biology. The controversial role of the histaminergic system in different neoplasias including gastric, colorectal, oesophageal, oral, pancreatic, liver, lung, skin, blood and breast cancers will be reviewed. The expression of histamine receptor subtypes, with special emphasis on the histamine H4 receptor, in different cell lines and human tumours, the signal transduction pathways and the associated biological responses as well as the in vivo treatment of experimental tumours with pharmacological ligands will be described. The presented evidence demonstrates that histamine regulates cancer-associated biological processes during cancer development in multiple cell types, including neoplastic cells and cells in the tumour micro-environment. The outcome will depend on tumour cell type, the level of expression of histamine receptors, signal transduction associated with these receptors, tumour micro-environment and histamine metabolism, reinforcing the complexity of cancer disease. Findings show the pivotal role of H4 receptors in the development and progression of many types of cancers, and considering its immunomodulatory properties, the H4 receptor appears to be the most promising molecular therapeutic target for cancer treatment within the histamine receptor family. Furthermore, the H4 receptor is differentially expressed in tumours compared with normal tissues, and in most cancer types in which data are available, H4 receptor expression is associated with clinicopathological characteristics, suggesting that H4 receptors might represent a novel cancer biomarker. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on New Uses for 21st Century. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.3/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia A Massari
- Department of Immunology, School of Natural and Health SciencesNational University of Patagonia San Juan BoscoComodoro RivadaviaArgentina
| | - Melisa B Nicoud
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology and Inflammation, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical SciencesPontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET)Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Vanina A Medina
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology and Inflammation, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical SciencesPontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET)Buenos AiresArgentina
- Laboratory of Radioisotopes, School of Pharmacy and BiochemistryUniversity of Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
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Nicoud MB, Formoso K, Medina VA. Pathophysiological Role of Histamine H4 Receptor in Cancer: Therapeutic Implications. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:556. [PMID: 31231212 PMCID: PMC6560177 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death in both developed and developing countries. Although advances in cancer research lead to improved anti-neoplastic therapies, they continue to have unfavorable outcomes, including poor response and severe toxicity. Thus, the challenge for the new therapeutic approaches is to increase anti-tumor efficacy by targeting different molecules encompassed in the tumor and its microenvironment, as well as their specific interactions. The histamine H4 receptor (H4R) is the last discovered histamine receptor subtype and it modulates important immune functions in innate and in adaptive immune responses. Several ligands have been developed and some of them are being used in clinical trials for immune disorders with promising results. When searched in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, human H4R gene was found to be expressed in bladder cancer, kidney cancer, breast cancer, gastrointestinal cancers, lung cancer, endometrial cancer, and skin cancer. In the present work, we aimed to briefly summarize current knowledge in H4R's pharmacology and in the clinical use of H4R ligands before focusing on recent data reporting the expression of H4R and its pathophysiological role in cancer, representing a potential molecular target for cancer therapeutics. H4R gene and protein expression in different types of cancers compared with normal tissue as well as its relationship with patient prognosis in terms of survival will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa B Nicoud
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology and Inflammation, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina Formoso
- Pharmacology and Function of Ionic Channels Laboratory, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanina A Medina
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology and Inflammation, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratory of Radioisotopes, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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9
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Molecular background of skin melanoma development and progression: therapeutic implications. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2019; 36:129-138. [PMID: 31320844 PMCID: PMC6627250 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2019.84590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer with an increasing number of cases worldwide and curable mostly in its early stage. The improvement in patients' survival in advanced melanoma has been achieved only recently, due to development of new biological drugs for targeted therapies and immunotherapy. Further progress in the treatment of melanoma is clearly dependent on the better understanding of its complex biology. This review describes the most important molecular mechanisms and genetic events underlying skin melanoma development and progression, depicts the way of action of newly developed drugs and indicates new potential therapeutic targets.
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Alcolea V, Karelia DN, Pandey MK, Plano D, Singh P, Palop JA, Amin S, Sanmartín C, Sharma AK. Identification of a Novel Quinoxaline-Isoselenourea Targeting the STAT3 Pathway as a Potential Melanoma Therapeutic. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030521. [PMID: 30691132 PMCID: PMC6386884 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis for patients with metastatic melanoma remains very poor. Constitutive signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation has been correlated to metastasis, poor patient survival, larger tumor size, and acquired resistance against vemurafenib (PLX-4032), suggesting its potential as a molecular target. We recently designed a series of isoseleno- and isothio-urea derivatives of several biologically active heterocyclic scaffolds. The cytotoxic effects of lead isoseleno- and isothio-urea derivatives (compounds 1 and 3) were studied in a panel of five melanoma cell lines, including B-RAFV600E-mutant and wild-type (WT) cells. Compound 1 (IC50 range 0.8–3.8 µM) showed lower IC50 values than compound 3 (IC50 range 8.1–38.7 µM) and the mutant B-RAF specific inhibitor PLX-4032 (IC50 ranging from 0.4 to >50 µM), especially at a short treatment time (24 h). These effects were long-lasting, since melanoma cells did not recover their proliferative potential after 14 days of treatment. In addition, we confirmed that compound 1 induced cell death by apoptosis using Live-and-Dead, Annexin V, and Caspase3/7 apoptosis assays. Furthermore, compound 1 reduced the protein levels of STAT3 and its phosphorylation, as well as decreased the expression of STAT3-regulated genes involved in metastasis and survival, such as survivin and c-myc. Compound 1 also upregulated the cell cycle inhibitor p21. Docking studies further revealed the favorable binding of compound 1 with the SH2 domain of STAT3, suggesting it acts through STAT3 inhibition. Taken together, our results suggest that compound 1 induces apoptosis by means of the inhibition of the STAT3 pathway, non-specifically targeting both B-RAF-mutant and WT melanoma cells, with much higher cytotoxicity than the current therapeutic drug PLX-4032.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Alcolea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Irunlarrea 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Deepkamal N Karelia
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, CH72, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA.
| | - Manoj K Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, CH72, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA.
| | - Daniel Plano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Irunlarrea 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Parvesh Singh
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal (UKZN), Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa.
| | - Juan Antonio Palop
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Irunlarrea 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Shantu Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, CH72, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA.
| | - Carmen Sanmartín
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Irunlarrea 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Arun K Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, CH72, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA.
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Sharbi-Yunger A, Grees M, Cafri G, Bassan D, Eichmüller SB, Tzehoval E, Utikal J, Umansky V, Eisenbach L. A universal anti-cancer vaccine: Chimeric invariant chain potentiates the inhibition of melanoma progression and the improvement of survival. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:909-921. [PMID: 30106470 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
For many years, clinicians and scientists attempt to develop methods to stimulate the immune system to target malignant cells. Recent data suggest that effective cancer vaccination requires combination immunotherapies to overcome tumor immune evasion. Through presentation of both MHC-I and II molecules, DCs-based vaccine platforms are effective in generating detectable CD4 and CD8 T cell responses against tumor-associated antigens. Several platforms include DC transfection with mRNA of the desired tumor antigen. These DCs are then delivered to the host and elicit an immune response against the antigen of interest. We have recently established an mRNA genetic platform which induced specific CD8+ cytotoxic T cell response by DC vaccination against melanoma. In our study, an MHC-II mRNA DCs vaccine platform was developed to activate CD4+ T cells and to enhance the anti-tumor response. The invariant chain (Ii) was modified and the semi-peptide CLIP was replaced with an MHC-II binding peptide sequences of melanoma antigens. These chimeric MHC-II constructs are presented by DCs and induce proliferation of tumor specific CD4+ T cells. When administered in combination with the MHC-I platform into tumor bearing mice, these constructs were able to inhibit tumor growth, and improve mouse survival. Deciphering the immunological mechanism of action, we observed an efficient CTLs killing in addition to higher levels of Th1 and Th2 subsets in the groups immunized with a combination of the MHC-I and MHC-II constructs. These universal constructs can be applied in multiple combinations and offer an attractive opportunity to improve cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Sharbi-Yunger
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mareike Grees
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Dermato-Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gal Cafri
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David Bassan
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Stefan B Eichmüller
- GMP and T Cell Therapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Esther Tzehoval
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jochen Utikal
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Dermato-Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Viktor Umansky
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Dermato-Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lea Eisenbach
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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12
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Liu L, Sun Y, Zhao Y, Wang Q, Guo H, Guo R, Liu Y, Fu S, Zhang L, Li Y, Meng Y. Urea transport B gene induces melanoma B16 cell death via activation of p53 and mitochondrial apoptosis. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:3762-3773. [PMID: 30290033 PMCID: PMC6272101 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Urea Transporter B (UT-B) is a membrane channel protein that mediates the rapid transmembrane transport of urea and participates in urine concentration. Urea Transporter B is expressed in skin, but we found that there is little expression in human melanoma tissue. In this study, we examined the effects of UT-B overexpression in melanoma. The results indicated that there is no UT-B mRNA expression in B16 cells, and UT-B overexpression repressed B16 cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in vitro. We show that UT-B overexpression causes increased reactive oxygen species production, which may be caused by mitochondria dysfunction. The mitochondrial membrane potential (ΨΔm) was lower in UT-B-overexpressing B16 cells. The proteins involved in complexes I, III, IV and V of the respiratory chain were clearly downregulated in UT-B-overexpressing B16 cells, which would strongly reduce the activity of the electron transport chain. We found that mitochondrial release of cytochrome C into the cytoplasm also increased, indicating that apoptosis had been activated. In addition, UT-B overexpression reduced AKT phosphorylation and MDM2 expression and increased p53 expression; p53 activation may be involved in the anticancer effects of UT-B overexpression. Urea Transporter B overexpression also inhibited tumor growth in vivo. In conclusion, we demonstrated that UT-B may be related to the occurrence of melanoma and play a role in tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianqin Liu
- Department of PathophysiologyProstate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research CenterCollege of Basic Medical ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Yuxin Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryChina‐Japan Union HospitalJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Yunxia Zhao
- Department of PathophysiologyProstate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research CenterCollege of Basic Medical ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of PathophysiologyProstate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research CenterCollege of Basic Medical ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of PathophysiologyProstate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research CenterCollege of Basic Medical ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of PathophysiologyProstate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research CenterCollege of Basic Medical ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of PathophysiologyProstate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research CenterCollege of Basic Medical ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Shuang Fu
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyChangchun University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChangchunChina
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of PathophysiologyProstate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research CenterCollege of Basic Medical ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Yang Li
- Department of PathophysiologyProstate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research CenterCollege of Basic Medical ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Yan Meng
- Department of PathophysiologyProstate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research CenterCollege of Basic Medical ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
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13
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Egg D, Schwab C, Gabrysch A, Arkwright PD, Cheesman E, Giulino-Roth L, Neth O, Snapper S, Okada S, Moutschen M, Delvenne P, Pecher AC, Wolff D, Kim YJ, Seneviratne S, Kim KM, Kang JM, Ojaimi S, McLean C, Warnatz K, Seidl M, Grimbacher B. Increased Risk for Malignancies in 131 Affected CTLA4 Mutation Carriers. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2012. [PMID: 30250467 PMCID: PMC6140401 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is a negative immune regulator on the surface of T cells. In humans, heterozygous germline mutations in CTLA4 can cause an immune dysregulation syndrome. The phenotype comprises a broad spectrum of autoinflammatory, autoimmune, and immunodeficient features. An increased frequency of malignancies in primary immunodeficiencies is known, but their incidence in CTLA-4 insufficiency is unknown. Methods: Clinical manifestations and details of the clinical history were assessed in a worldwide cohort of 184 CTLA4 mutation carriers. Whenever a malignancy was reported, a malignancy-specific questionnaire was filled. Results: Among the 184 CTLA4 mutation carriers, 131 were considered affected, indicating a penetrance of 71.2%. We documented 17 malignancies, which amounts to a cancer prevalence of 12.9% in affected CTLA4 mutation carriers. There were ten lymphomas, five gastric cancers, one multiple myeloma, and one metastatic melanoma. Seven lymphomas and three gastric cancers were EBV-associated. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate an elevated cancer risk for patients with CTLA-4 insufficiency. As more than half of the cancers were EBV-associated, the failure to control oncogenic viruses seems to be part of the CTLA-4-insufficient phenotype. Hence, lymphoproliferation and EBV viral load in blood should be carefully monitored, especially when immunosuppressing affected CTLA4 mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Egg
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center of the University Hospital, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Schwab
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center of the University Hospital, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Annemarie Gabrysch
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center of the University Hospital, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter D Arkwright
- Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Edmund Cheesman
- Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Giulino-Roth
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Olaf Neth
- Seccion de Infectologia e Inmunopatologia, Unidad de Pediatria, Hospital Virgen del Rocio/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Scott Snapper
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Satoshi Okada
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Michel Moutschen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and General Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Philippe Delvenne
- Department of Infectious Diseases and General Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Ann-Christin Pecher
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Wolff
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Yae-Jean Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiency, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suranjith Seneviratne
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kyoung-Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology & Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Samar Ojaimi
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Klaus Warnatz
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center of the University Hospital, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Seidl
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center of the University Hospital, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bodo Grimbacher
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center of the University Hospital, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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14
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Qiu H, Zmina PM, Huang AY, Askew D, Bedogni B. Inhibiting Notch1 enhances immunotherapy efficacy in melanoma by preventing Notch1 dependent immune suppressive properties. Cancer Lett 2018; 434:144-151. [PMID: 30036609 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that Notch1 plays a critical role in modulating melanoma tumor cell growth and survival. Here we show that Notch1 also contributes to an immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Notch1 inhibition reduces immune suppressive cells (i.e. MDSCs and Tregs) while allowing the recruitment of functional CD8(+) T cells, leading to a decrease in the Tregs/CD8(+) ratio, a key parameter in assessing positive responses to immune-checkpoint inhibitors. Inhibition of Notch1 improves the antitumor activity of nivolumab and ipilimumab, particularly when given in combination. Mechanistically, tumor-associated Notch1 regulates the expression of several chemokines involved in MDSCs and Tregs recruitment. Among them, CCL5, IL6 and IL8, or MIP2 in mouse, were consistently reduced by Notch1 depletion in several human and mouse melanoma cell lines. Notch1 controls the transcription of IL8 and IL6; and the secretion of CCL5 likely by inhibiting the expression of SNAP23, a member of the SNAREs family of proteins involved in cell exocytosis. Inhibition of SNAP23 decreases CCL5 secretion similarly to Notch1 inhibition. Hence, targeting Notch1 would affect both melanoma intrinsic growth/survival properties, and provide an immune-responsive TME, thus improving immune therapy efficacy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/immunology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Ipilimumab/administration & dosage
- Melanoma, Experimental/genetics
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/therapy
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells/immunology
- Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells/metabolism
- Nivolumab/administration & dosage
- RNA Interference
- Receptor, Notch1/genetics
- Receptor, Notch1/immunology
- Receptor, Notch1/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Treatment Outcome
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Tumor Burden/genetics
- Tumor Burden/immunology
- Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment/genetics
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Qiu
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Patrick M Zmina
- Department of Dermatology, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Alex Y Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - David Askew
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Barbara Bedogni
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States; Department of Dermatology, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States.
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15
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Zheng YJ, Traspas RM, Ortiz-Urda S. LncRNAs as Biomarkers for Melanoma. HUMAN SKIN CANCERS - PATHWAYS, MECHANISMS, TARGETS AND TREATMENTS 2018. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.70499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
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16
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Huang YX, Song H, Tao Y, Shao XB, Zeng XS, Xu XL, Qi JL, Sun JF. Ovostatin 2 knockdown significantly inhibits the growth, migration, and tumorigenicity of cutaneous malignant melanoma cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195610. [PMID: 29684087 PMCID: PMC5912766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously identified ovostatin 2 (OVOS2) as a new candidate gene for cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) in a Chinese population. In this study, we aimed to investigate the exact role of OVOS2 in cell proliferation, invasion, and tumorigenesis of melanoma A375 cells. METHODS The downregulation of OVOS2 expression was performed using lentiviral vectors with specific shRNA. The effects of OVOS2 expression on cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell migration, cell invasion, and potential of tumorigenesis were further investigated. RESULTS The downregulation of OVOS2 significantly suppressed the proliferation of A375 cells and led to a G2/M phase block. The transwell cell migration assay showed that the reduced expression of OVOS2 also significantly inhibited the transmigration of A375 cells. The western blot results showed downregulated expression of p-FAK, p-AKT, and p-ERK. This was accompanied by the upregulated epithelial phenotypes E-cadherin and β-catenin, and downregulated expression of mesenchymal phenotype N-cadherin after OVOS2 knockdown. The transplantation tumor experiment in BALB/C nude mouse showed that after an observation period of 32 days, the growth speed and weight of the transplanted tumors were significantly suppressed in the BALB/c nude mice subcutaneously injected with OVOS2 knocked-down A375 cells. CONCLUSION The inhibition of OVOS2 had significant suppressive effects on the proliferation, motility, and migration capabilities of A375 cells, suggesting a crucial promotive role of OVOS2 in the pathogenesis and progression of CMM. The involved mechanisms are at least partly associated with the overactivation of FAK/MAPK/ERK and FAK/PI3K/AKT signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Xue Huang
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Hao Song
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yue Tao
- Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Bao Shao
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Si Zeng
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Lian Xu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Liang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Fang Sun
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China
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17
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Wilms C, Kroeger CM, Hainzl AV, Banik I, Bruno C, Krikki I, Farsam V, Wlaschek M, Gatzka MV. MYSM1/2A-DUB is an epigenetic regulator in human melanoma and contributes to tumor cell growth. Oncotarget 2017; 8:67287-67299. [PMID: 28978033 PMCID: PMC5620173 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone modifying enzymes, such as histone deacetylases (HDACs) and polycomb repressive complex (PRC) components, have been implicated in regulating tumor growth, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, tumor stem cell maintenance, or repression of tumor suppressor genes - and may be promising targets for combination therapies of melanoma and other cancers. According to recent findings, the histone H2A deubiquitinase 2A-DUB/Mysm1 interacts with the p53-axis in hematopoiesis and tissue differentiation in mice, in part by modulating DNA-damage responses in stem cell and progenitor compartments. Based on the identification of alterations in skin pigmentation and melanocyte specification in Mysm1-deficient mice, we hypothesized that MYSM1 may be involved in melanoma formation. In human melanoma samples, expression of MYSM1 was increased compared with normal skin melanocytes and nevi and co-localized with melanocyte markers such as Melan-A and c-KIT. Similarly, in melanoma cell lines A375 and SK-MEL-28 and in murine skin, expression of the deubiquitinase was detectable at the mRNA and protein level that was inducible by growth factor signals and UVB exposure, respectively. Upon stable silencing of MYSM1 in A375 and SK-MEL-28 melanoma cells by lentivirally-mediated shRNA expression, survival and proliferation were significantly reduced in five MYSM1 shRNA cell lines analyzed compared with control cells. In addition, MYSM1-silenced melanoma cells proliferated less well in softagar assays. In context with our finding that MYSM1 bound to the c-MET promoter region in close vicinity to PAX3 in melanoma cells, our data indicate that MYSM1 is an epigenetic regulator of melanoma growth and potentially promising new target for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Wilms
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Carsten M Kroeger
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Adelheid V Hainzl
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ishani Banik
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany.,ETH, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Clara Bruno
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ioanna Krikki
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Vida Farsam
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Meinhard Wlaschek
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Martina V Gatzka
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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18
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Zhou B, Wang L, Zhang S, Bennett BD, He F, Zhang Y, Xiong C, Han L, Diao L, Li P, Fargo DC, Cox AD, Hu G. INO80 governs superenhancer-mediated oncogenic transcription and tumor growth in melanoma. Genes Dev 2017; 30:1440-53. [PMID: 27340176 PMCID: PMC4926866 DOI: 10.1101/gad.277178.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Here, Zhou et al. investigated how oncogenic superenhancers (SE), which are found near oncogenes and control cancer gene expression, are regulated. The results demonstrate an essential role for INO80-dependent chromatin remodeling in SE function by showing that INO80 is required for SE-mediated oncogenic transcription and tumor growth in melanoma. Superenhancers (SEs) are large genomic regions with a high density of enhancer marks. In cancer, SEs are found near oncogenes and dictate cancer gene expression. However, how oncogenic SEs are regulated remains poorly understood. Here, we show that INO80, a chromatin remodeling complex, is required for SE-mediated oncogenic transcription and tumor growth in melanoma. The expression of Ino80, the SWI/SNF ATPase, is elevated in melanoma cells and patient melanomas compared with normal melanocytes and benign nevi. Furthermore, Ino80 silencing selectively inhibits melanoma cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, tumorigenesis, and tumor maintenance in mouse xenografts. Mechanistically, Ino80 occupies >90% of SEs, and its occupancy is dependent on transcription factors such as MITF and Sox9. Ino80 binding reduces nucleosome occupancy and facilitates Mediator recruitment, thus promoting oncogenic transcription. Consistently, genes co-occupied by Ino80 and Med1 are selectively expressed in melanomas compared with melanocytes. Together, our results reveal an essential role of INO80-dependent chromatin remodeling in SE function and suggest a novel strategy for disrupting SEs in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China; Department of Pharmacology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China; Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Brian D Bennett
- Integrative Bioinformatics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Fan He
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Family Planning Research Institute, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Chengliang Xiong
- Family Planning Research Institute, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Leng Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Lixia Diao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Pishun Li
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - David C Fargo
- Integrative Bioinformatics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Adrienne D Cox
- Department of Pharmacology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Guang Hu
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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19
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Massari NA, Nicoud MB, Sambuco L, Cricco GP, Lamas DJM, Ducloux MVH, Blanco H, Rivera ES, Medina VA. Histamine therapeutic efficacy in metastatic melanoma: Role of histamine H4 receptor agonists and opportunity for combination with radiation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:26471-26491. [PMID: 28460440 PMCID: PMC5432273 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The aims of the work were to improve our knowledge of the role of H4R in melanoma proliferation and assess in vivo the therapeutic efficacy of histamine, clozapine and JNJ28610244, an H4R agonist, in a preclinical metastatic model of melanoma. Additionally, we aimed to investigate the combinatorial effect of histamine and gamma radiation on the radiobiological response of melanoma cells.Results indicate that 1205Lu metastatic melanoma cells express H4R and that histamine inhibits proliferation, in part through the stimulation of the H4R, and induces cell senescence and melanogenesis. Daily treatment with H4R agonists (1 mg/kg, sc) exhibited a significant in vivo antitumor effect and importantly, compounds reduced metastatic potential, particularly in the group treated with JNJ28610244, the H4R agonist with higher specificity. H4R is expressed in benign and malignant lesions of melanocytic lineage, highlighting the potential clinical use of histamine and H4R agonists. In addition, histamine increased radiosensitivity of melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. We conclude that stimulation of H4R by specific ligands may represent a novel therapeutic strategy in those tumors that express this receptor. Furthermore, through increasing radiation-induced response, histamine could improve cancer radiotherapy for the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia A. Massari
- Laboratory of Radioisotopes, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Immunology Department, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Melisa B. Nicoud
- Laboratory of Radioisotopes, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology and Inflammation, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Graciela P. Cricco
- Laboratory of Radioisotopes, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego J. Martinel Lamas
- Laboratory of Radioisotopes, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology and Inflammation, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María V. Herrero Ducloux
- Pathology Department, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Horacio Blanco
- Hospital Municipal de Oncología “Marie Curie”, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elena S. Rivera
- Laboratory of Radioisotopes, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanina A. Medina
- Laboratory of Radioisotopes, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology and Inflammation, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Mesenchymal stem cells induce epithelial mesenchymal transition in melanoma by paracrine secretion of transforming growth factor-β. Melanoma Res 2017; 27:74-84. [DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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21
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Thakur V, Lu J, Roscilli G, Aurisicchio L, Cappelletti M, Pavoni E, White WL, Bedogni B. The natural compound fucoidan from New Zealand Undaria pinnatifida synergizes with the ERBB inhibitor lapatinib enhancing melanoma growth inhibition. Oncotarget 2017; 8:17887-17896. [PMID: 28060735 PMCID: PMC5392294 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma remains one of the most aggressive and therapy-resistant cancers. Finding new treatments to improve patient outcomes is an ongoing effort. We previously demonstrated that melanoma relies on the activation of ERBB signaling, specifically of the ERBB3/ERBB2 cascade. Here we show that melanoma tumor growth is inhibited by 60% over controls when treated with lapatinib, a clinically approved inhibitor of ERBB2/EGFR. Importantly, tumor growth is further inhibited to 85% when the natural compound fucoidan from New Zealand U. pinnatifida is integrated into the treatment regimen. Fucoidan not only enhances tumor growth inhibition, it counteracts the morbidity associated with prolonged lapatinib treatment. Fucoidan doubles the cell killing capacity of lapatinib. These effects are associated with a further decrease in AKT and NFκB signaling, two key pathways involved in melanoma cell survival. Importantly, the enhancing cell killing effects of fucoidan can be recapitulated by inhibiting ERBB3 by either a specific shRNA or a novel, selective ERBB3 neutralizing antibody, reiterating the key roles played by this receptor in melanoma. We therefore propose the use of lapatinib or specific ERBB inhibitors, in combination with fucoidan as a new treatment of melanoma that potentiates the effects of the inhibitors while protecting from their potential side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Thakur
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jun Lu
- School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Barbara Bedogni
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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22
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Cervantes J, Verne SH, Magno RJ, Perper M, Eber AE, ALharbi M, Nouri K. Cells to Surgery Quiz: March 2017. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:e29. [PMID: 30487077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Cervantes
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Sebastian H Verne
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Robert J Magno
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Marina Perper
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ariel E Eber
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Keyvan Nouri
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
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Vemurafenib and trametinib reduce expression of CTGF and IL-8 in V600EBRAF melanoma cells. J Transl Med 2017; 97:217-227. [PMID: 28067893 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2016.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical evidence has revealed that while RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway is a crucial component of melanomagenesis, other signaling pathways can also contribute to the malignant growth and development of resistance to targeted therapies. We explored the response of V600EBRAF melanoma cells derived from surgical specimens and grown in stem cell medium to vemurafenib and trametinib, drugs targeting the activity of V600EBRAF and MEK1/2, respectively. Cell growth and apoptosis were monitored by real-time imaging system, immunophenotype and cell cycle by flow cytometry, gene expression by quantitative real-time PCR, immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The V600EBRAF melanoma cell populations were diverse. Differences in morphology, pigmentation, cell cycle profiles, and immunophenotype were observed. At the molecular level, melanoma cells differed in the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, NF-κB, and β-catenin, and expression of several relevant genes, including MITF-M, DKK1, CCND1, BRAF, CXCL8, and CTGF. Despite having different characteristics, melanoma cells responded similarly to vemurafenib and trametinib. Both drugs reduced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and percentages of cells expressing Ki-67 at high level, inhibited expression of CCND1 and induced cell cycle arrest in the Go/G1 phase. These expected cytostatic effects were accompanied by increased CD271 expression, a marker of stem-like cells. NF-κB activity was reduced by both drugs, however, not completely abolished, whereas the level of active β-catenin was increased by drugs in three out of six cell populations. Interestingly, expression of IL-8 and CTGF was significantly reduced by treatment with vemurafenib and trametinib. Simultaneous inhibition of NF-κB activity and induction of ERK1/2 phosphorylation revealed that CTGF expression depends on ERK1/2 activity but not on NF-κB activity. Both, the positive effects of treatment with vemurafenib and trametinib such as the newly identified CTGF suppression and undesired effects such as increased CD271 expression suggesting selection of melanoma stem-like cells should be considered in the development of combination treatment for melanoma patients.
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Molecular Markers and Targeted Therapeutics in Metastatic Tumors of the Spine: Changing the Treatment Paradigms. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2016; 41 Suppl 20:S218-S223. [PMID: 27488299 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000001833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY TYPE A review of the literature. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to discuss the evolution of molecular signatures and the history and development of targeted therapeutics in metastatic tumor types affecting the spinal column. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Molecular characterization of metastatic spine tumors is expected to usher in a revolution in diagnostic and treatment paradigms. Molecular characterization will provide critical information that can be used for initial diagnosis, prognosticating the ideal treatment strategy, assessment of treatment efficacy, surveillance and monitoring recurrence, and predicting complications, clinical outcome, and overall survival in patients diagnosed with metastatic cancers to the spinal column. METHODS A review of the literature was performed focusing on illustrative examples of the role that molecular-based therapeutics have played in clinical outcomes for patients diagnosed with metastatic tumor types affecting the spinal column. RESULTS The impact of molecular therapeutics including receptor tyrosine kinases and immune checkpoint inhibitors and the ability of molecular signatures to provide prognostic information are discussed in metastatic breast cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, melanoma, and renal cell cancer affecting the spinal column. CONCLUSION For the providers who will ultimately counsel patients diagnosed with metastases to the spinal column, molecular advancements will radically alter the management/surgical paradigms utilized. Ultimately, the translation of these molecular advancements into routine clinical care will greatly improve the quality and quantity of life for patients diagnosed with spinal malignancies and provide better overall outcomes and counseling for treating physicians. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.
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25
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Catalani E, Proietti Serafini F, Zecchini S, Picchietti S, Fausto AM, Marcantoni E, Buonanno F, Ortenzi C, Perrotta C, Cervia D. Natural products from aquatic eukaryotic microorganisms for cancer therapy: Perspectives on anti-tumour properties of ciliate bioactive molecules. Pharmacol Res 2016; 113:409-420. [PMID: 27650755 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Several modern drugs, including those for cancer therapy, have been isolated from natural sources, are based on natural products and its derivatives, or mime natural products. Some of them are in clinical use, others in clinical trials. The success of natural products in drug discovery is related to their biochemical characteristics and to the technologic methods used to study their feature. Natural compounds may acts as chemo-preventive agents and as factors that increase therapeutic efficacy of existing drugs, thus overcoming cancer cell drug resistance that is the main factor determining the failure in conventional chemotherapy. Water environment, because of its physical and chemical conditions, shows an extraordinary collection of natural biological substances with an extensive structural and functional diversity. The isolation of bioactive molecules has been reported from a great variety of aquatic organisms; however, the therapeutic application of molecules from eukaryotic microorganisms remains inadequately investigated and underexploited on a systematic basis. Herein we describe the biological activities in mammalian cells of selected substances isolated from ciliates, free-living protozoa common almost everywhere there is water, focusing on their anti-tumour actions and their possible therapeutic activity. In particular, we unveil the cellular and molecular machine mediating the effects of cell type-specific signalling protein pheromone Er-1 and secondary metabolites, i.e. euplotin C and climacostol, in cancer cells. To support the feasibility of climacostol-based approaches, we also present novel findings and report additional mechanisms of action using both in vitro and in vivo models of mouse melanomas, with the scope of highlighting new frontiers that can be explored also in a therapeutic perspective. The high skeletal chemical difference of ciliate compounds, their sustainability and availability, also through the use of new organic synthesis/modifications processes, and the results obtained so far in biological studies provide a rationale to consider some of them a potential resource for the design of new anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Catalani
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Francesca Proietti Serafini
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Silvia Zecchini
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital "Luigi Sacco"-ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milano, Italy
| | - Simona Picchietti
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Fausto
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Enrico Marcantoni
- School of Sciences and Technologies, Section of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Italy
| | - Federico Buonanno
- Laboratory of Protistology and Biology Education, Department of Education, Cultural Heritage and Tourism, Università degli Studi di Macerata, Italy
| | - Claudio Ortenzi
- Laboratory of Protistology and Biology Education, Department of Education, Cultural Heritage and Tourism, Università degli Studi di Macerata, Italy
| | - Cristiana Perrotta
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco" (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.
| | - Davide Cervia
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco" (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.
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Moreno-Traspas R, Vujic I, Sanlorenzo M, Ortiz-Urda S. New insights in melanoma biomarkers: long-noncoding RNAs. Melanoma Manag 2016; 3:195-205. [PMID: 30190889 DOI: 10.2217/mmt-2016-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the leading cancers worldwide, distinguished for its malignancy and low survival rates. Although the poor outcome could improve with an early diagnosis and a good monitoring of the disease, current melanoma biomarkers display several limitations which make them useless. Interestingly, long-noncoding RNAs are secreted into the bloodstream inside exosomes by a wide range of malignant cells, and several of them have been validated as promising circulating molecular signatures of other tumors, but not melanoma. In this review we propose to explore the booming field of long-noncoding RNAs in order to find potential candidates to be tested as novel melanoma biomarkers, with the ultimate goal of improving melanoma detection, diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Moreno-Traspas
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, Mt. Zion Cancer Research Center, 2340 Sutter Street N461, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, Mt. Zion Cancer Research Center, 2340 Sutter Street N461, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Igor Vujic
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, Mt. Zion Cancer Research Center, 2340 Sutter Street N461, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.,The Rudolfstiftung Hospital, Academic Teaching Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Medical University Vienna, Juchgasse 25, 1030 Vienna, Austria.,Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, Mt. Zion Cancer Research Center, 2340 Sutter Street N461, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.,The Rudolfstiftung Hospital, Academic Teaching Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Medical University Vienna, Juchgasse 25, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Sanlorenzo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, Mt. Zion Cancer Research Center, 2340 Sutter Street N461, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.,Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Italy.,Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, Mt. Zion Cancer Research Center, 2340 Sutter Street N461, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.,Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Susana Ortiz-Urda
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, Mt. Zion Cancer Research Center, 2340 Sutter Street N461, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, Mt. Zion Cancer Research Center, 2340 Sutter Street N461, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The p90 ribosomal S6 kinases (RSK) are a family of Ser/Thr protein kinases that are downstream effectors of MEK1/2-ERK1/2. Increased RSK activation is implicated in the etiology of multiple pathologies, including numerous types of cancers, cardiovascular disease, liver and lung fibrosis, and infections. AREAS COVERED The review summarizes the patent and scientific literature on small molecule modulators of RSK and their potential use as therapeutics. The patents were identified using World Intellectual Property Organization and United States Patent and Trademark Office databases. The compounds described are predominantly RSK inhibitors, but a RSK activator is also described. The majority of the inhibitors are not RSK-specific. EXPERT OPINION Based on the overwhelming evidence that RSK is involved in a number of diseases that have high mortalities it seems surprising that there are no RSK modulators that have pharmacokinetic properties suitable for in vivo use. MEK1/2 inhibitors are in the clinic, but the efficacy of these compounds appears to be limited by their side effects. We hypothesize that targeting the downstream effectors of MEK1/2, like RSK, are an untapped source of drug targets and that they will generate less side effects than MEK1/2 inhibitors because they regulate fewer effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna A Ludwik
- a Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Deborah A Lannigan
- a Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA.,b Department of Cancer Biology , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
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28
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Climacostol reduces tumour progression in a mouse model of melanoma via the p53-dependent intrinsic apoptotic programme. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27281. [PMID: 27271364 PMCID: PMC4895139 DOI: 10.1038/srep27281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Climacostol, a compound produced by the ciliated protozoan Climacostomum virens, displayed cytotoxic properties in vitro. This study demonstrates that it has anti-tumour potential. Climacostol caused a reduction of viability/proliferation of B16-F10 mouse melanoma cells, a rapidly occurring DNA damage, and induced the intrinsic apoptotic pathway characterised by the dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential, the translocation of Bax to the mitochondria, the release of Cytochrome c from the mitochondria, and the activation of Caspase 9-dependent cleavage of Caspase 3. The apoptotic mechanism of climacostol was found to rely on the up-regulation of p53 and its targets Noxa and Puma. In vivo analysis of B16-F10 allografts revealed a persistent inhibition of tumour growth rate when melanomas were treated with intra-tumoural injections of climacostol. In addition, it significantly improved the survival of transplanted mice, decreased tumour weight, induced a remarkable reduction of viable cells inside the tumour, activated apoptosis and up-regulated the p53 signalling network. Importantly, climacostol toxicity was more selective against tumour than non-tumour cells. The anti-tumour properties of climacostol and the molecular events associated with its action indicate that it is a powerful agent that may be considered for the design of pro-apoptotic drugs for melanoma therapy.
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29
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McKendrick J, Gijsen M, Quinn C, Barber B, Zhao Z. Estimating healthcare resource use associated with the treatment of metastatic melanoma in eight countries. J Med Econ 2016; 19:587-95. [PMID: 26823114 DOI: 10.3111/13696998.2016.1148043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Studies reporting healthcare resourse use (HRU) for melanoma, one of the most costly cancers to treat, are limited. Using consistent, robust methodology, this study estimated HRU associated with the treatment of metastatic melanoma in eight countries. Methods Using published literature and clinician input, treatment phases were identified: active systemic treatment (pre-progression); disease progression; best supportive care (BSC)/palliative care; and terminal care. HRU elements were identified for each phase and estimates of the magnitude and frequency of use in clinical practice were obtained through country-specific Delphi panels, comprising healthcare professionals with experience in oncology (n = 8). Results Medical oncologists are the key care providers for patients with metastatic melanoma, although in Germany dermato-oncologists also lead care. During the active systemic treatment phase, each patient was estimated to require 0.83-2 consultations with a medical oncologist/month across countries; the median number of such assessments in 3 months was highest in Canada (range = 3.5-5) and lowest in France, the Netherlands and Spain (1). Resource use during the disease progression phase was intensive and similar across countries: all patients were estimated to consult with medical oncologists and 10-40% with a radiation oncologist; up to 40% were estimated to require a brain MRI scan. During the BSC/palliative care phase, all patients were estimated to consult with medical oncologists, and most to consult with a primary care physician (40-100%). Limitations Panelists were from centers of excellence, thus results may not reflect care within smaller hospitals; data obtained from experts may be less variable than data from broader clinical practice. Treatments for metastatic melanoma are continually emerging, thus some elements of our work could be superseded. Conclusions HRU estimates were substantial and varied across countries for some resources. These data could be used with country-specific costs to elucidate costs for the management of metastatic melanoma.
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30
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van Kempen PMW, Noorlag R, Swartz JE, Bovenschen N, Braunius WW, Vermeulen JF, Van Cann EM, Grolman W, Willems SM. Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas differentially express granzyme inhibitors. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:575-85. [PMID: 26993499 PMCID: PMC4840222 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1819-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs) have an improved prognosis compared to HPV-negative OPSCCs. Several theories have been proposed to explain this relatively good prognosis. One hypothesis is a difference in immune response. In this study, we compared tumor-infiltrating CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T-cells, and granzyme inhibitors (SERPINB1, SERPINB4, and SERPINB9) between HPV-positive and HPV-negative tumors and the relation with survival. Methods Protein expression of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) (CD3, CD4, and CD8) and granzyme inhibitors was analyzed in 262 OPSCCs by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Most patients (67 %) received primary radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. Cox regression analysis was carried out to compare overall survival (OS) of patients with low and high TIL infiltration and expression of granzyme inhibitors. Results HPV-positive OPSCCs were significantly more heavily infiltrated by TILs (p < 0.001) compared to HPV-negative OPSCCs. A high level of CD3+ TILs was correlated with a favorable outcome in the total cohort and in HPV-positive OPSCCs, while it reached no significance in HPV-negative OPSCCs. There was expression of all three granzyme inhibitors in OPSCCs. No differences in expression were found between HPV-positive and HPV-negative OPSCCs. Within the group of HPV-positive tumors, a high expression of SERPINB1 was associated with a significantly worse overall survival. Conclusion HPV-positive OPSCCs with a low count of CD3+ TILs or high expression of SERPINB1 have a worse OS, comparable with HPV-negative OPSCCs. This suggests that the immune system plays an important role in the carcinogenesis of the virally induced oropharynx tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline M W van Kempen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Rob Noorlag
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Justin E Swartz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Niels Bovenschen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Weibel W Braunius
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Cancer Center University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen F Vermeulen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen M Van Cann
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Cancer Center University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wilko Grolman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan M Willems
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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31
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Brinckerhoff CE. What are the therapeutic implications of increased collagen expression in melanoma cells treated with vemurafenib? Melanoma Manag 2016; 3:5-8. [PMID: 30190867 DOI: 10.2217/mmt.15.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Constance E Brinckerhoff
- Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
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32
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Gallardo F, Teiti I, Rochaix P, Demilly E, Jullien D, Mariamé B, Tilkin-Mariamé AF. Macrocyclic Lactones Block Melanoma Growth, Metastases Development and Potentiate Activity of Anti– BRAF V600 Inhibitors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clsc.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Doddapaneni BS, Kyryachenko S, Chagani SE, Alany RG, Rao DA, Indra AK, Alani AW. A three-drug nanoscale drug delivery system designed for preferential lymphatic uptake for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. J Control Release 2015; 220:503-514. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Abdel-Rahman O, ElHalawani H, Ahmed H. Risk of Selected Cardiovascular Toxicities in Patients With Cancer Treated With MEK Inhibitors: A Comparative Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Glob Oncol 2015; 1:73-82. [PMID: 28804776 PMCID: PMC5539872 DOI: 10.1200/jgo.2015.000802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We conducted a literature-based meta-analysis of the risk of cardiovascular toxicities associated with MEK inhibitors. Methods Eligible trials included randomized phase II and III trials of patients with cancer who were given a mitogen activated protein (MAP)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK) inhibitor (trametinib, selumetinib, or cobimetinib) and that described events of hypertension and decreased ejection fraction. Results Our search strategy yielded 300 potentially relevant citations from PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. After ineligible studies were excluded, a total of 10 clinical trials were considered eligible for the meta-analysis. The relative risk for all grades of hypertension was 1.54 (95% CI, 1.02 to 2.32; P = .05), 1.85 (95% CI, 1.01 to 3.40; P = .05) for high-grade hypertension, and 4.92 (95% CI, 2.93 to 8.25; P < .001) for decreased ejection fraction. Subgroup analysis revealed no difference between trametinib and selumetinib for risk of hypertension. Conclusion Our meta-analysis demonstrated that MEK inhibitor–based treatment is associated with an increased risk of all-grade and high-grade hypertension and asymptomatic decrease in ejection fraction. Clinicians should be aware of this risk and perform regular assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Abdel-Rahman
- Omar Abdel-Rahman and Hesham ElHalawani, Ain Shams University; and Hoda Ahmed, Nasser Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hesham ElHalawani
- Omar Abdel-Rahman and Hesham ElHalawani, Ain Shams University; and Hoda Ahmed, Nasser Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hoda Ahmed
- Omar Abdel-Rahman and Hesham ElHalawani, Ain Shams University; and Hoda Ahmed, Nasser Institute, Cairo, Egypt
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35
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Abdel-Rahman O, ElHalawani H, Ahmed H. Risk of selected dermatological toxicities in cancer patients treated with MEK inhibitors: a comparative systematic review and meta-analysis. Future Oncol 2015; 11:3307-19. [PMID: 26561878 DOI: 10.2217/fon.15.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This meta-analysis was conducted aiming at assessing the risk of selected dermatological toxicities associated with MEK inhibitors. METHODS We considered relevant prospective randomized Phase II and III trials of cancer patients on the three MEK inhibitors (trametinib, selumetinib and cobimetinib), describing events of skin rash and acneiform dermatitis, as eligible for inclusion. RESULTS After exclusion of ineligible studies, a total of 14 clinical trials were considered eligible for the meta-analysis. The relative risk of all-grade skin rash and acneiform dermatitis was 1.71 (95% CI: 1.07-2.72; p = 0.02) and 6.55 (95% CI: 3.42-12.56; p < 0.00001), correspondingly; while the relative risk of high-grade skin rash and acneiform dermatitis was 2.64 (95% CI: 1.42-4.91; p = 0.002) and 8.44 (95% CI: 2.39-29.81; p = 0.0009), respectively. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis has demonstrated that MEK inhibitor-based treatment is associated with an increased risk of all-grade and high-grade skin rash and acneiform dermatitis compared with control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Abdel-Rahman
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hesham ElHalawani
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hoda Ahmed
- Clinical Oncology Department, Nasser Institute, Cairo, Egypt
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