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Murotomi K, Kagiwada H, Hirano K, Yamamoto S, Numata N, Matsumoto Y, Kaneko H, Namihira M. Cyclo-glycylproline attenuates hydrogen peroxide-induced cellular damage mediated by the MDM2-p53 pathway in human neural stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:434-446. [PMID: 36585955 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cyclo-glycylproline (cGP), a cyclic dipeptide containing a condensation bond between glycine and proline, is produced by the cyclization of the N-terminal tripeptide of insulin-like growth factor-1. Previous studies have shown that cGP administration exerts a neuroprotective effect and enhances the regenerative ability in rats with ischemic brain injury. The efficacy of cGP is medicated by regulating the bioavailability of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of cGP on brain damage remains to be elucidated. In the current study, we investigated the cGP-mediated molecular mechanism in human fetal neural stem cells (hfNSCs) exposed to oxidative stress, which is a key factor affecting the development of several brain diseases, including traumatic brain injury and Parkinson's disease. We found that cGP treatment attenuated oxidative stress-induced cell death in cultured hfNSCs in a dose-dependent manner. Transcriptome analysis revealed that under oxidative stress conditions, p53-mediated signaling was activated, accompanied by upregulation of mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2), a p53-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase, in cGP-treated hfNSCs. By using a comprehensive protein phosphorylation array, we found that cGP induced the activation of Akt signaling pathway, which enhanced the expression of MDM2, in hfNSCs exposed to oxidative stress. Moreover, the MDM2 inhibitor nutlin-3 inhibited the protective effect of cGP on oxidative stress-induced cell death and apoptosis. Therefore, cGP attenuates oxidative stress-induced cell death mediated by the interplay between IGF-1 signaling and the MDM2-p53 pathway in human NSCs. We revealed the molecular mechanism underlying cGP-induced neuroprotective properties in a model of brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoshi Murotomi
- Molecular Neurophysiology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Harumi Kagiwada
- Biological Data Science Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumi Hirano
- Molecular Neurophysiology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shoko Yamamoto
- Technical Center, Jellice Co., Ltd., Miyagi, Tagajo, Japan
| | - Noriaki Numata
- Technical Center, Jellice Co., Ltd., Miyagi, Tagajo, Japan
| | - Yo Matsumoto
- Technical Center, Jellice Co., Ltd., Miyagi, Tagajo, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Kaneko
- Neurorehabilitation Research Group, Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masakazu Namihira
- Molecular Neurophysiology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
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Li F, Liu K, Wang A, Harris PWR, Vickers MH, Guan J. Cyclic glycine-proline administration normalizes high-fat diet-induced synaptophysin expression in obese rats. Neuropeptides 2019; 76:101935. [PMID: 31146894 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Childhood metabolic disorders are associated with insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 deficiency, which can adversely affect brain development and function. As a neuropeptide, cyclic glycine-proline (cGP) improves IGF-1 function in brain and regulates IGF-1 bioavailability in plasma. Whether such a regulatory process mediates the neurotrophic effects of cGP remains unknown. This study examined the effects cGP treatment on synaptic expression and their association with IGF-1, IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-2 and cGP concentrations in the brain of rats with high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Male rats received either a HFD or a standard chow diet (STD) from weaning and were then treated with either saline or cGP from 11 to 15 weeks of age. The concentrations of cGP, IGF-1 and IGFBP-2 were measured in the brain tissues using ELISA and HPLC-MS. The expressions of synaptic markers were evaluated in the hippocampus, hypothalamus and striatum using immunohistochemical staining. Compared to the STD group, IGF-1 and IGFBP-2, but not cGP concentrations, were lower in the HFD groups. The expression of hippocampal synaptophysin, glutamate receptor-1, GFAP and striatal tyrosine-hydroxylase were also reduced in the HFD groups. While treatment did not alter tissue IGF-1, cGP administration that increased the concentration of cGP in brain tissues, normalized the expression of synaptophysin, GFAP and tyrosine-hydroxylase, but not glutamate receptor-1. IGF-1 concentration in brain tissues correlated with the expression of all synaptic markers. HFD feeding reduced synaptic expression and tissue IGF-1 in brains which were closely associated, thus suggesting IGF-1 in the brain is largely bioavailable. Without increasing IGF-1 in the brain, administration of cGP normalized synaptic expression, possibly be mediated through increasing bioavailable IGF-1, but further studies are required to confirm this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxia Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China; The Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1124, New Zealand; Brain Research New Zealand, A Centre of Research Excellence, New Zealand
| | - Karen Liu
- The Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1124, New Zealand; Brain Research New Zealand, A Centre of Research Excellence, New Zealand
| | - Ao Wang
- The Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1124, New Zealand; Brain Research New Zealand, A Centre of Research Excellence, New Zealand
| | - Paul W R Harris
- School of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mark H Vickers
- The Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jian Guan
- The Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1124, New Zealand; Brain Research New Zealand, A Centre of Research Excellence, New Zealand.
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Abstract
(1) This study describes the good evolution of a 6-year-old girl genetically diagnosed (R106X) with Rett syndrome (RTT), after having been treated with IGF-I, melatonin (MT), blackcurrant extracts (BC) and rehabilitated for 6 months. (2) The patient stopped normal development in the first year of age. The patient showed short stature and weight and fulfilled the main criteria for typical RTT. Despite her young age, there was pubic hair (Tanner II), very high plasma testosterone, and low levels of plasma gonadotrophins. There were no adrenal enzymatic deficits, and abdominal ultrasound studies were normal. The treatment consisted of IGF-I (0.04 mg/kg/day, 5 days/week, subcutaneous (sc)) for 3 months and then 15 days of rest, MT (50 mg/day, orally, without interruption) and neurorehabilitation. A new blood test, after 3 months of treatment, was absolutely normal and the pubic hair disappeared (Tanner I). Then, a new treatment was started with IGF-I, MT, and BC for another 3 months. In this period, the degree of pubertal development increased to Tanner III (pubic level), without a known cause. (3) The treatment followed led to clear improvements in most of the initial abnormalities, perhaps due to the neurotrophic effect of IGF-I, the antioxidant effects of MT and BC, and the cerebral increase in the cyclic glycine-proline (cGP) achieved with administration of BC. (4) A continuous treatment with IGF-I, MT, and BC appears to be useful in RTT.
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Fan D, Alamri Y, Liu K, MacAskill M, Harris P, Brimble M, Dalrymple-Alford J, Prickett T, Menzies O, Laurenson A, Anderson T, Guan J. Supplementation of Blackcurrant Anthocyanins Increased Cyclic Glycine-Proline in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Parkinson Patients: Potential Treatment to Improve Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Function. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10060714. [PMID: 29865234 PMCID: PMC6024688 DOI: 10.3390/nu10060714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) function is impaired in Parkinson disease. Cyclic glycine-proline (cGP), a metabolite of IGF-1, is neuroprotective through improving IGF-1 function. Parkinson disease patients score lower on Hospital-associated Anxiety and Depression Scale after supplementing blackcurrant anthocyanins (BCA), which may be associated with IGF-1 function. We evaluated the changes of cGP and IGF-1 before and after the supplementation. Methods: Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were collected from 11 male patients before and after 28 day supplementation of BCA. The concentrations of IGF-1, IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3, and cGP were measured using ELISA and HPLC-MS assays. The presence of cGP in the BCA was evaluated. Results: cGP presented in the BCA. BCA supplementation increased the concentration of cGP (p < 0.01), but not IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in the CSF. CSF concentration of cGP was correlated with plasma concentration of cGP (R = 0.68, p = 0.01) and cGP/IGF-1 molar ratio (R = 0.66, p = 0.01). The CSF/plasma ratio was high in cGP and low in IGF-1 and IGFBP-3. Conclusion: cGP is a natural nutrient to the BCA. The increased CSF cGP in Parkinson disease patients may result from the central uptake of plasma cGP. Given neurotrophic function, oral availability, and effective central uptake of cGP, the BCA has the potential to be developed to treat neurological conditions with IGF-1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
- Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
- Brain Research New Zealand, A Centre of Research Excellence, New Zealand.
| | - Yassar Alamri
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand.
- Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand.
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
| | - Karen Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
- Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
- Brain Research New Zealand, A Centre of Research Excellence, New Zealand.
| | - Michael MacAskill
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand.
| | - Paul Harris
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Margaret Brimble
- Brain Research New Zealand, A Centre of Research Excellence, New Zealand.
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - John Dalrymple-Alford
- Brain Research New Zealand, A Centre of Research Excellence, New Zealand.
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand.
- Department of Psychology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand.
| | - Tim Prickett
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
| | - Oliver Menzies
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Andrew Laurenson
- Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand.
| | - Tim Anderson
- Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
- Brain Research New Zealand, A Centre of Research Excellence, New Zealand.
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand.
- Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand.
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
- Department of Neurology, Christchurch Public Hospital, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.
| | - Jian Guan
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
- Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
- Brain Research New Zealand, A Centre of Research Excellence, New Zealand.
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Muñoz Y, Paula-Lima AC, Núñez MT. Reactive oxygen species released from astrocytes treated with amyloid beta oligomers elicit neuronal calcium signals that decrease phospho-Ser727-STAT3 nuclear content. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 117:132-144. [PMID: 29309895 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor STAT3 has a crucial role in the development and maintenance of the nervous system. In this work, we treated astrocytes with oligomers of the amyloid beta peptide (AβOs), which display potent synaptotoxic activity, and studied the effects of mediators released by AβOs-treated astrocytes on the nuclear location of neuronal serine-727-phosphorylated STAT3 (pSerSTAT3). Treatment of mixed neuron-astrocyte cultures with 0.5µMAβOs induced in neurons a significant decrease of nuclear pSerSTAT3, but not of phosphotyrosine-705 STAT3, the other form of STAT3 phosphorylation. This decrease did not occur in astrocyte-poor neuronal cultures revealing a pivotal role for astrocytes in this response. To test if mediators released by astrocytes in response to AβOs induce pSerSTAT3 nuclear depletion, we used conditioned medium derived from AβOs-treated astrocyte cultures. Treatment of astrocyte-poor neuronal cultures with this medium caused pSerSTAT3 nuclear depletion but did not modify overall STAT3 levels. Extracellular catalase prevented the pSerSTAT3 nuclear depletion caused by astrocyte-conditioned medium, indicating that reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediate this response. This conditioned medium also increased neuronal oxidative tone, leading to a ryanodine-sensitive intracellular calcium signal that proved to be essential for pSerSTAT3 nuclear depletion. In addition, this depletion decreased BCL2 and Survivin transcription and significantly increased BAX/BCL2 ratio. This is the first description that ROS generated by AβOs-treated astrocytes and neuronal calcium signals jointly regulate pSerSTAT3 nuclear distribution in neurons. We propose that astrocytes release ROS in response to AβOs, which by increasing neuronal oxidative tone, generate calcium signals that cause pSerSTAT3 nuclear depletion and loss of STAT3 protective transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yorka Muñoz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences,Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea C Paula-Lima
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Marco T Núñez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences,Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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