1
|
Silybin induces endothelium-dependent vasodilation via TRPV4 channels in mouse mesenteric arteries. Hypertens Res 2022; 45:1954-1963. [PMID: 36056206 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-022-01000-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Silybin is a flavonolignan extracted from the seeds of Silybum marianum that has been used as a dietary supplement for treating hepatic diseases and components of metabolic syndrome such as diabetes, obesity and hypertension. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channels are Ca2+-permeable, nonselective cation channels that regulate vascular endothelial function and blood flow. However, the relationship between silybin and TRPV4 channels in small mesenteric arteries remains unknown. In our study, we carried out a molecular docking experiment by using Discovery Studio v3.5 to predict the binding of silybin to TRPV4. Activation of TRPV4 with silybin was detected via intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) measurement and patch clamp experiments. The molecular docking results showed that silybin was likely to bind to the ankyrin repeat domain of TPRV4. [Ca2+]i measurements in mesenteric arterial endothelial cells (MAECs) and TRPV4-overexpressing HEK293 (TRPV4-HEK293) cells demonstrated that silybin induced Ca2+ influx by activating TRPV4 channels. The patch clamp experiments indicated that in TRPV4-HEK293 cells, silybin induced TRPV4-mediated cation currents. In addition, in high-salt-induced hypertensive mice, oral administration of silybin decreased systolic blood pressure (SBP) and significantly improved the arterial dilatory response to acetylcholine. Our findings provide the first evidence that silybin could induce mesenteric endothelium-dependent vasodilation and reduce blood pressure in high-salt-induced hypertensive mice via TRPV4 channels, thereby revealing the potential effect of silybin on preventing endothelial dysfunction-related cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
|
2
|
Silibinin exerts anti-cancer activity on human ovarian cancer cells by increasing apoptosis and inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Gene 2022; 823:146275. [PMID: 35189245 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silibinin, the principal flavonoid derived from milk thistle seeds, has been demonstrated to have strong inhibitory effects against human malignancies. The inhibitory function of silibinin on ovarian cancer, however, is not fully identified. In this essay, both in vivo and in vitro investigations were conducted to survey the silibinin's blocking effects on ovarian cancer. METHODS The impacts of silibinin on two ovarian cancer cell lines, SKOV-3 and A2870, were determined by evaluating cell viability, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. Q-RT-PCR and western blotting techniques were carried out to explore the protein levels of signaling pathway markers. A mouse xenograft model was utilized to determine the silibinin efficacy in inhibiting tumor growth. RESULTS After cell treatment with silibinin, cell viability, migration, and invasion were appreciably inhibited in cancer cell lines, but cell apoptosis was promoted. Also, silibinin reversed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) mechanism by inducing E-cadherin expression and reducing N-cadherin and vimentin expression, suppressing the levels of regulators related to EMT such as Snail, Slug, and ZEB1 transcription factors, and also decreasing PI3K/AKT, Smad2/3, and β-catenin intermediate molecules in vitro. Silibinin effectively ameliorated tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSION silibinin could be considered a potent agent against ovarian cancer based on the results.
Collapse
|
3
|
Song K, Li M, Yang Y, Zhang Z, Zhu Q, Liu J, Wang A. Natural flavonolignans as potential therapeutic agents against common diseases. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 74:337-350. [PMID: 34923582 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Plant-derived flavonolignans had been demonstrated to have various biological functions. They are an important class of natural products combined by a flavonoid unit and a phenylpropanoid unit. KEY FINDINGS From the literature survey, 88 constituents from natural resources were identified. Different derivatives of flavonolignans were listed, fused phenylpropanoid unit with dioxane ring, or cyclic ether, or simple ether side chain, or lactone, and so on. Besides, the pharmacological effects of flavonolignans were summarized as well. It has a wide range of anti-tumour, antioxidant, anti-microorganic and anti-inflammatory effects. SUMMARY This review had provided a full-scale profile of flavonolignans on its plant sources, phytochemistry and pharmacology, and also proposed some issues and perspectives which may be of concern in the future. It was greatly anticipated that the commercialization of the flavonolignans would lead to uplift the financial abilities of communities attending the growing of the flavonolignans and the relevant and potential production becoming an international herbal and pharmaceutical commodity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kainan Song
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Meichen Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Yuqian Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Jianyu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Andong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hua C, Wang X, Liang S, Chen X, Li C, You G, Wang C, Luo T, Wang Z, Ge P. BNIP3 contributes to silibinin-induced DNA double strand breaks in glioma cells via inhibition of mTOR. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 589:1-8. [PMID: 34883284 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.11.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BNIP3 is found to eliminate cancer cells via causing mitochondrial damage and endoplasmic reticulum stress, but it remains elusive of its role in regulating DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). In this study, we find that silibinin triggers DNA DSBs, ROS accumulation and expressional upregulation of BNIP3 in glioma cells. Mitigation of ROS with antioxidant GSH significantly inhibits silibinin-induced DNA DSBs and glioma cell death. Then, we find knockdown of BNIP3 with SiRNA obviously prevents silibinin-induced DNA DSBs and ROS accumulation. Mechanistically, BNIP3 knockdown not only reverses silibinin-triggered depletion of cysteine and GSH via maintaining xCT level, but also abrogates catalase decrease. Notably, silibinin-induced dephosphorylation of mTOR is also prevented when BNIP3 is knocked down. Given that activated mTOR could promote xCT expression and inhibit autophagic degradation of catalase, our data suggest that BNIP3 contributes to silibinin-induced DNA DSBs via improving intracellular ROS by inhibition of mTOR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xuanzhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Shipeng Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Guangqiang You
- Department of General Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Chongcheng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Tianfei Luo
- Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Zhenchuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Pengfei Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lin W, Gu L, Zhu LY, Zhou S, Lian D, Xu Y, Zheng L, Liu X, Li L. Extract of Ganoderma sinensis spores induces cell cycle arrest of hepatoma cell via endoplasmic reticulum stress. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:704-714. [PMID: 34110966 PMCID: PMC8205061 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1931354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ganoderma sinensis Zhao, Xu et Zhang (Ganodermataceae) has been used for the prevention or treatment of a variety of diseases, including cancer. OBJECTIVE We investigated the antitumor activity and mechanism of an extract from G. sinensis against hepatocellular carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS A G. sinensis extract (GSE) was obtained from sporoderm-broken G. sinensis spores by supercritical fluid carbon dioxide extraction. Hepatoma cells, HepG2 cells, were treated with emulsified sample of GSE at 12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 150 μg/mL for 24 h. The Alamar Blue assay was used to examine growth inhibitory effects. Changes in cell structure and morphology were assessed via transmission electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscope. Cell cycle distribution was analysed by flow cytometry. RESULTS GSE suppressed the proliferation of HepG2 cells (IC50=70.14 μg/mL). Extensive cytoplasmic vacuolation originating from dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was shown in GSE-treated HepG2 cells. GSE treatment also upregulated the expression of ER stress-related proteins in HepG2 cells. Cells tended to be arrested at the G2/M cell cycle stage after GSE treatment (30.8 ± 1.4% and 42.2 ± 2.6% at GSE with 50 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL vs. 21.03 ± 1.10%, control). Pre-treatment with salubrinal, an inhibitor of ER stress, effectively attenuated cell cycle arrest induced by GSE. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide new evidence that GSE suppresses growth of cancer cells in vitro through activating the ER stress pathway. The GSE may be clinically applied in the prevention and/or treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Gu
- Academy of Food and Health Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Yan Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sha Zhou
- Academy of Food and Health Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danhong Lian
- Academy of Food and Health Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongquan Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limin Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Academy of Food and Health Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lian Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Apigenin enhances apoptosis induction by 5-fluorouracil through regulation of thymidylate synthase in colorectal cancer cells. Redox Biol 2021; 47:102144. [PMID: 34562873 PMCID: PMC8476449 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although effective drugs have been developed, including 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) shows low therapeutic sensitivity resulting from the development of 5-FU resistance. Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a target protein of 5-FU, and elevated TS lowers the 5-FU sensitivity of CRC cells. Here, we tested the efficacy of several candidate phytochemicals against human CRC-derived HCT116 cells expressing wild-type tumor suppressor protein P53 and HT29 cells expressing mutant P53. Among them, we found that apigenin enhanced the inhibitory effect of 5-FU on cell viability. In addition, apigenin inhibited the upregulation of TS induced by 5-FU. Apigenin also potentiated 5-FU-induced apoptosis of HCT116 cells and enhanced cell cycle disruption. Furthermore, apigenin increased reactive oxygen species production, intracellular and intramitochondrial Ca2+ concentrations, and mitochondrial membrane potential upon cotreatment with 5-FU. Knockdown of forkhead box protein M, a transcription factor modulating 5-FU sensitivity, enhanced the potentiation of apoptosis by apigenin in HCT116 cells. Moreover, apigenin suppressed TS expression and inhibited the viability of 5-FU-resistant HCT116 cells. Therefore, apigenin may improve the therapeutic efficacy of 5-FU against CRC by suppressing TS, but apoptosis induction is mainly dependent on functional P53. Apigenin inhibits the upregulation of TS induced by 5-FU for apoptosis of CRC. FOXM1 silencing enhances the potentiation of apoptosis by apigenin. Suppressing TS and promoting P53 activity by apigenin reduce acquired 5-FU resistance.
Collapse
|
7
|
Ham J, Lim W, Song G. Pendimethalin induces apoptosis in testicular cells via hampering ER-mitochondrial function and autophagy. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 278:116835. [PMID: 33706242 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pendimethalin (PDM) is a dinitroaniline crop pesticide that is extensively utilized worldwide. However, the reproductive toxicity and cellular mechanisms of PDM have not been identified. Therefore, we elucidated the adverse effects of PDM on the reproductive system using mouse testicular Leydig and Sertoli cells (TM3 and TM4 cells, respectively). Our results demonstrated that PDM suppressed the viability and proliferation of TM3 and TM4 cells. Additionally, PDM induced cytosolic calcium upregulation and permeabilization of mitochondrial membrane potential in both TM3 and TM4 cells. We also verified that PDM activates the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway and autophagy. Furthermore, we confirmed that activation of ER stress and autophagy were blocked by 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) treatment. Finally, we confirmed PDM-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in TM3 and TM4 cells. Thus, we first demonstrated that PDM impedes the survival of testis cells, and further, their function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Ham
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tuli HS, Mittal S, Aggarwal D, Parashar G, Parashar NC, Upadhyay SK, Barwal TS, Jain A, Kaur G, Savla R, Sak K, Kumar M, Varol M, Iqubal A, Sharma AK. Path of Silibinin from diet to medicine: A dietary polyphenolic flavonoid having potential anti-cancer therapeutic significance. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 73:196-218. [PMID: 33130037 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the last few decades, targeting cancer by the use of dietary phytochemicals has gained enormous attention. The plausible reason and believe or mind set behind this fact is attributed to either lesser or no side effects of natural compounds as compared to the modern chemotherapeutics, or due to their conventional use as dietary components by mankind for thousands of years. Silibinin is a naturally derived polyphenol (a flavonolignans), possess following biochemical features; molecular formula C25H22O10, Molar mass: 482.44 g/mol, Boiling point 793 °C, with strikingly high antioxidant and anti-tumorigenic properties. The anti-cancer properties of Silibinin are determined by a variety of cellular pathways which include induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, inhibition of angiogenesis and metastasis. In addition, Silibinin controls modulation of the expression of aberrant miRNAs, inflammatory response, and synergism with existing anti-cancer drugs. Therefore, modulation of a vast array of cellular responses and homeostatic aspects makes Silibinin an attractive chemotherapeutic agent. However, like other polyphenols, the major hurdle to declare Silibinin a translational chemotherapeutic agent, is its lesser bioavailability. After summarizing the chemistry and metabolic aspects of Silibinin, this extensive review focuses on functional aspects governed by Silibinin in chemoprevention with an ultimate goal of summarizing the evidence supporting the chemopreventive potential of Silibinin and clinical trials that are currently ongoing, at a single platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, 133 207, Haryana, India
| | - Sonam Mittal
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Diwakar Aggarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, 133 207, Haryana, India
| | - Gaurav Parashar
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, 133 207, Haryana, India
| | | | - Sushil Kumar Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, 133 207, Haryana, India
| | - Tushar Singh Barwal
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151 001, Punjab, India
| | - Aklank Jain
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151 001, Punjab, India
| | - Ginpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's, NMIMS, Mumbai, 400 056, Maharastra, India
| | - Raj Savla
- Department of Pharmacology, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's, NMIMS, Mumbai, 400 056, Maharastra, India
| | | | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Sadopur, India
| | - Mehmet Varol
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, TR48000, Turkey
| | - Ashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Formerly Faculty of Pharmacy), Jamia Hamdard (Deemed to be University), Delhi, India
| | - Anil Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, 133 207, Haryana, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Farooq S, Qayum A, Nalli Y, Lauro G, Chini MG, Bifulco G, Chaubey A, Singh SK, Riyaz-Ul-Hassan S, Ali A. Discovery of a Secalonic Acid Derivative from Aspergillus aculeatus, an Endophyte of Rosa damascena Mill., Triggers Apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:24296-24310. [PMID: 33015446 PMCID: PMC7528173 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A new secalonic acid derivative, F-7 (1), was isolated from the endophytic Aspergillus aculeatus MBT 102, associated with Rosa damascena. The planar structure of 1 was established on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR and ESI-TOF-MS spectra. The relative configuration of 1 was determined applying a combined quantum mechanical/NMR approach and, afterward, the comparison of calculated and experimental electronic circular dichroism spectra determined the assignment of its absolute configuration. The compound possesses strong cytotoxic activity against triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. It was found to induce apoptosis, as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy and phase contrast microscopy. Furthermore, flow cytometry analyses demonstrated that 1 induced mitochondrial damage and reactive oxygen species mediated apoptosis, arresting the G1 phase of the cells in a dose-dependent manner. Also, the compound causes significant microtubule disruption in TNBC cells. Subsequently, 1 restricted the cell migration leading to the concomitant increase in expression of cleaved caspase and PARP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadaqat Farooq
- Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar, Srinagar 190 005, India
- Academy of Scientific
and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Arem Qayum
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi 180 001, India
- Academy of Scientific
and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Yedukondalu Nalli
- Natural Product Division, CSIR-Indian Institute
of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi 180 001, India
| | - Gianluigi Lauro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Chini
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, Pesche, Isernia I-86090, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bifulco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano 84084, Italy
| | - Asha Chaubey
- Fermentation Division, CSIR-Indian
Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi 180 001, India
- Academy of Scientific
and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shashank K. Singh
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi 180 001, India
- Academy of Scientific
and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- . Phone: +91-11-47011291, +91-11-2569222
| | - Syed Riyaz-Ul-Hassan
- Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar, Srinagar 190 005, India
- Academy of Scientific
and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Asif Ali
- Natural Product Division, CSIR-Indian Institute
of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi 180 001, India
- Academy of Scientific
and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- ,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang C, He C, Lu S, Wang X, Wang L, Liang S, Wang X, Piao M, Cui J, Chi G, Ge P. Autophagy activated by silibinin contributes to glioma cell death via induction of oxidative stress-mediated BNIP3-dependent nuclear translocation of AIF. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:630. [PMID: 32801360 PMCID: PMC7429844 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02866-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Induction of lethal autophagy has become a strategy to eliminate glioma cells, but it remains elusive whether autophagy contributes to cell death via causing mitochondria damage and nuclear translocation of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF). In this study, we find that silibinin induces AIF translocation from mitochondria to nuclei in glioma cells in vitro and in vivo, which is accompanied with autophagy activation. In vitro studies reveal that blocking autophagy with 3MA, bafilomycin A1 or by knocking down ATG5 with SiRNA inhibits silibinin-induced mitochondrial accumulation of superoxide, AIF translocation from mitochondria to nuclei and glioma cell death. Mechanistically, silibinin activates autophagy through depleting ATP by suppressing glycolysis. Then, autophagy improves intracellular H2O2 via promoting p53-mediated depletion of GSH and cysteine and downregulation of xCT. The increased H2O2 promotes silibinin-induced BNIP3 upregulation and translocation to mitochondria. Knockdown of BNIP3 with SiRNA inhibits silibinin-induced mitochondrial depolarization, accumulation of mitochondrial superoxide, and AIF translocation from mitochondria to nuclei, as well as prevents glioma cell death. Furthermore, we find that the improved H2O2 reinforces silibinin-induced glycolysis dysfunction. Collectively, autophagy contributes to silibinin-induced glioma cell death via promotion of oxidative stress-mediated BNIP3-dependent nuclear translocation of AIF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chongcheng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, 130021, Changchun, China
- Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, 130021, Changchun, China
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, 130021, Changchun, China
- Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, 130021, Changchun, China
| | - Shan Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, 130021, Changchun, China
- Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, 130021, Changchun, China
| | - Xuanzhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, 130021, Changchun, China
- Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, 130021, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, 130021, Changchun, China
- Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, 130021, Changchun, China
| | - Shipeng Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, 130021, Changchun, China
- Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, 130021, Changchun, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Second Hospital of Jilin University, 130021, Changchun, China
| | - Meihua Piao
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, 130021, Changchun, China
| | - Jiayue Cui
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 130021, Changchun, China
| | - Guangfan Chi
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 130021, Changchun, China
| | - Pengfei Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, 130021, Changchun, China.
- Research Center of Neuroscience, First Hospital of Jilin University, 130021, Changchun, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jun F, Peng Z, Zhang Y, Shi D. Quantitative Proteomic Profiling Identifies SOX8 as Novel Regulator of Drug Resistance in Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia. Front Oncol 2020; 10:557. [PMID: 32411596 PMCID: PMC7198745 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of drug resistance remains one of the major challenges to current chemotherapeutic regimens in gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). Further understanding on the mechanisms of drug resistance would help to develop more effective therapy to treat GTN. Herein, tandem mass tag-based (TMT) quantitative proteomic technique was used to establish drug resistance-related proteomic profiles in chemoresistant GTN cell models (JEG3/MTX, JEG3/VP16, JEG3/5-Fu). In total, we identified 5,704 protein groups, among which 4,997 proteins were quantified in JEG3 and its chemoresistant sublines. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that multiple biological processes/molecular pathways/signaling networks were involved in the regulation of drug resistance in chemoresistant JEG3 sublines. SOX8 was upregulated in all the three chemoresistant sublines, and its function was further investigated. Knockdown of SOX8 significantly reduced cell viability, impaired soft agar clonogenesis, and increased caspase-3 activities after drug treatment in JEG3 chemoresistant sublines. In addition, over-expression of SOX8 promoted cell survival, enhanced soft agar clonogenesis, and attenuated caspase-3 activities after drug treatment in GTN cells. Importantly, SOX8 might be a potential regulator of reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, as SOX8 regulated the expression of antioxidant enzymes (GPX1, HMOX1) and reduced drug-induced ROS accumulation in GTN cell models. Collectively, SOX8 might promote drug resistance through attenuating the accumulation of ROS induced by chemotherapeutic drugs in GTN cells. Targeting SOX8 might be useful to sensitize GTN cells to chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fu Jun
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Peng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Gynecological Oncology Research and Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Gynecological Oncology Research and Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Dazun Shi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Gynecological Oncology Research and Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sahin E, Bagci R, Bektur Aykanat NE, Kacar S, Sahinturk V. Silymarin attenuated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress proteins GRP78 and XBP-1 in mice. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13194. [PMID: 32189355 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an important health problem. The prevalence of NAFLD is increasing, especially in the Western countries. Although there are several intracellular pathways in NAFLD, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has recently gained importance. Silymarin is an important liver-protective biological molecule. In light of this information, we investigated mice for the effect of silymarin on ER stress in the NAFLD model. In our study, the mice were randomly divided into six groups: Control, silymarin 100 and 200 mg/kg sham, fructose-induced NAFLD, and NAFLD + silymarin groups. After the last administrations, liver and blood samples were taken and hematoxylin-eosin, as well as Oil red O staining, were performed. As a result, the body and liver weights, lipid profile, AST, ALT, and glucose levels, along with the ER stress markers, increased in the NAFLD-only group. Silymarin treatments reversed most of these changes. Particularly, 200 mg/kg silymarin was more effective. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: According to the results, silymarin attenuated NAFLD by decreasing the ER stress proteins GRP78 and XBP-1. Silymarin may be therapeutic in the treatment of NAFLD as well as other ER-stress-based diseases. Silymarin can also be taken with food for prophylactic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erhan Sahin
- Faculty of Medicine, Histology and Embryology Department, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Ridvan Bagci
- Faculty of Medicine, Histology and Embryology Department, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Nuriye Ezgi Bektur Aykanat
- Faculty of Medicine, Histology and Embryology Department, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Sedat Kacar
- Faculty of Medicine, Histology and Embryology Department, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Varol Sahinturk
- Faculty of Medicine, Histology and Embryology Department, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ji L, Ma L. MEG3 is restored by schisandrin A and represses tumor growth in choriocarcinoma cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22455. [PMID: 32057180 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Schisandrin A (SchA) has been reported as a multidrug resistance-reversing agent; however, its antitumor effects have been rarely reported. Consequently, we attempted to explore whether SchA per se possesses an antitumor property in choriocarcinoma JEG-3 and BeWo cells and its potential mechanisms. JEG-3, BeWo, and HTR-8/SVneo cells were stimulated with SchA at different concentrations (10-100 μM), and cellular viability was evaluated with Cell Counting Kit-8. After stimulation with SchA, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were detected by bromodeoxyuridine assay, Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide (Annexin V-FITC/PI) method, and a Transwell system, in JEG-3 cells transfected with short hairpin-RNA for maternally expressed 3. Western blot was performed to quantify protein. MEG3 was examined by a quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. MEG3 was downregulated in choriocarcinoma tissues. SchA diminished cellular viability, decreased proliferative activity, inhibited migratory and invasive behaviors, and repressed phosphorylation of regulators of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B/nuclear factor κB (PI3K/AKT/NF-κB) signaling cascade in gestational choriocarcinoma cells. MEG3 was upregulated by SchA in JEG-3 and BeWo cells. SchA exhibited little suppressive effects in JEG-3 cells lacking MEG3. Besides, the phosphorylation of transducers was evoked in MEG3-silenced JEG-3 cells despite stimulation with SchA. SchA administration repressed the growth of JEG-3 and BeWo cells by upregulating MEG3. Besides, SchA blocked PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signal cascade by elevating MEG3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Ji
- Department of Obstetrics, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Obstetrics, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Esselun C, Bruns B, Hagl S, Grewal R, Eckert GP. Differential Effects of Silibinin A on Mitochondrial Function in Neuronal PC12 and HepG2 Liver Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1652609. [PMID: 31871539 PMCID: PMC6906813 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1652609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The Mediterranean plant Silybum marianum L., commonly known as milk thistle, has been used for centuries to treat liver disorders. The flavonolignan silibinin represents a natural antioxidant and the main bioactive ingredient of silymarin (silybin), a standard extract of its seeds. Mitochondrial dysfunction and the associated generation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) are involved in the development of chronic liver and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Silibinin A (SIL A) is one of two diastereomers found in silymarin and was used to evaluate the effects of silymarin on mitochondrial parameters including mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production with and without sodium nitroprusside- (SNP-) induced nitrosative stress, oxidative phosphorylation, and citrate synthase activity in HepG2 and PC12 cells. Both cell lines were influenced by SIL A, but at different concentrations. SIL A significantly weakened nitrosative stress in both cell lines. Low concentrations not only maintained protective properties but also increased basal mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels. However, these effects could not be associated with oxidative phosphorylation. On the other side, high concentrations of SIL A significantly decreased MMP and ATP levels. Although SIL A did not provide a general improvement of the mitochondrial function, our findings show that SIL A protects against SNP-induced nitrosative stress at the level of mitochondria making it potentially beneficial against neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Esselun
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Bastian Bruns
- Institute of Pharmacology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hagl
- Institute of Pharmacology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rekha Grewal
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gunter P. Eckert
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Si L, Fu J, Liu W, Hayashi T, Nie Y, Mizuno K, Hattori S, Fujisaki H, Onodera S, Ikejima T. Silibinin inhibits migration and invasion of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells through induction of mitochondrial fusion. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 463:189-201. [PMID: 31612353 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03640-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Human triple negative breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231, show typical epithelial to mesenchymal transition associated with cancer progression. Mitochondria play a major role in cancer progression, including metastasis. Changes in mitochondrial architecture affect cellular migration, autophagy and apoptosis. Silibinin is reported to have anti-breast cancer effect. We here report that silibinin at lower concentrations (30-90 μM) inhibits epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of MDA-MB-231, by increasing the expression of epithelial marker, E-cadherin, and decreasing the expression of mesenchymal markers, N-cadherin and vimentin. Besides, silibinin inhibition of cell migration is associated with reduction in the protein expression of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP2 and MMP9) and paxillin. In addition, silibinin treatment increases mitochondrial fusion through down-regulating the expression of mitochondrial fission-associated protein dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) and up-regulating the expression of mitochondrial fusion-associated proteins, optic atrophy 1, mitofusin 1 and mitofusin 2. Silibinin perturbed mitochondrial biogenesis via down-regulating the levels of mitochondrial biogenesis regulators including mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC1) and nuclear respiratory factor (NRF2). Moreover, DRP1 knockdown or silibinin inhibited cell migration, and MFN1&2 knockdown restored it. Mitochondrial fusion contributes to silibinin's negative effect on cell migration. Silibinin decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, leading to inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In addition, knockdown of mitofusin 1&2 (MFN 1&2) relieved silibinin-induced inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Repression of ROS contributes to the inhibition of the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-β proteins as well as of cell migration. Taken together, our study provides evidence that silibinin impairs mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis, resulting in reduced migration and invasion of the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Si
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianing Fu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Toshihiko Hayashi
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.,Department of Chemistry and Life Science, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, 2665-1, Nakanomachi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Yuheng Nie
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Kazunori Mizuno
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki, 302-0017, Japan
| | - Shunji Hattori
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki, 302-0017, Japan
| | - Hitomi Fujisaki
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki, 302-0017, Japan
| | - Satoshi Onodera
- Medical Research Institute of Curing Mibyo, 1-6-28 Narusedai, Machida, Tokyo, 194-0042, Japan
| | - Takashi Ikejima
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Si L, Liu W, Hayashi T, Ji Y, Fu J, Nie Y, Mizuno K, Hattori S, Onodera S, Ikejima T. Silibinin-induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells involves mitochondrial impairment. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 671:42-51. [PMID: 31085166 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamically regulated by fission and fusion processes. Silibinin induces apoptosis of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. However, whether or not mitochondria dysfunction is involved in the apoptosis induction with silibinin of both types of the cells remains unknown. We here report that silibinin decreases the mitochondrial mass in terms of MitoTracker Green staining in both breast cancer cells. Silibinin induces morphological changes of mitochondria from oval to truncated or fragmented shapes accordingly. Condensed crests are observed in mitochondria by transmission electron microscopy. Silibinin causes mitochondrial membrane potential reduced. The expression of mitochondrial fission-associated proteins including dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) is up-regulated, whereas expression of the mitochondrial fusion-associated proteins, optic atrophy 1 and mitofusin 1, is down-regulated. In addition, silibinin treatment down-regulates ATP content as well as the levels of mitochondrial biogenesis-regulators including mitochondrial transcription factor A, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 and nuclear respiratory factor 2. Moreover, treatments with DRP1 inhibitor, mdivi-1, or with DRP1-targetted siRNA efficiently prevent silibinin-induced apoptosis in the breast cancer cells, whereas inhibition of DRP1 phosphorylation with staurosporine increases apoptosis furthermore. Taken together, we conclude that silibinin impairs mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis, leading to apoptosis of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-123 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Si
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Toshihiko Hayashi
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China; Department of Chemistry and Life Science, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, 2665-1, Nakanomachi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Yachao Ji
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Jianing Fu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yuheng Nie
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Kazunori Mizuno
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki 302-0017, Japan
| | - Shunji Hattori
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki 302-0017, Japan
| | - Satoshi Onodera
- Medical Research Institute of Curing Mibyo, 1-6-28 Narusedai Mechida Tokyo, 194-0042, Japan
| | - Takashi Ikejima
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China; Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kim SM, Hwang KA, Choi KC. Potential roles of reactive oxygen species derived from chemical substances involved in cancer development in the female reproductive system. BMB Rep 2019. [PMID: 29921411 PMCID: PMC6283023 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2018.51.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are major sources of cellular oxidative stress. Specifically, cancer cells harbor genetic alterations that promote a continuous and elevated production of ROS. While such oxidative stress conditions could be harmful to normal cells, they facilitate cancer cell growth in multiple ways by causing DNA damage and genomic instability, and ultimately by reprogramming cancer cell metabolism. This review provides up to date findings regarding the roles of ROS generation induced by diverse biological molecules and chemicals in representative women’s cancer. Specifically, we describe the cellular signaling pathways that regulate direct or indirect interactions between ROS homeostasis and metabolism within female genital cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Min Kim
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Kyung-A Hwang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ham J, Kim J, Bazer FW, Lim W, Song G. Silibinin‐induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction suppress growth of endometriotic lesions. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:4327-4341. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Ham
- Department of Biotechnology Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology Korea University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jonggun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology Korea University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Fuller W. Bazer
- Department of Animal Science Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas A&M University College Station Texas
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Catholic Kwandong University Gangneung Republic of Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Department of Biotechnology Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology Korea University Seoul Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mazzio EA, Lewis CA, Soliman KFA. Transcriptomic Profiling of MDA-MB-231 Cells Exposed to Boswellia Serrata and 3-O-Acetyl-B-Boswellic Acid; ER/UPR Mediated Programmed Cell Death. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2018; 14:409-425. [PMID: 29109091 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by the absence of hormone receptors (estrogen, progesterone and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2) and a relatively poor prognosis due to inefficacy of hormone receptor-based chemotherapies. It is imperative that we continue to explore natural products with potential to impede growth and metastasis of TNBC. In this study, we screened over 1,000 natural products for capacity to induce cell death in TNBC (MDA-MB -231) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Frankincense (Boswellia serrata extract (BSE)) and 3-O-Acetyl-β-boswellic acid (3-OAβBA) were relatively potent, findings that corroborate the body of existing literature. The effects of BSE and 3-OAβBA on genetic parameters in MDA-MB-231 cells were evaluated by examining whole-transcriptomic influence on mRNAs, long intergenic non-coding RNA transcripts (lincRNA) and non-coding miRNAs. RESULTS Bio-statistical analysis demarcates the primary effect of both BSE/3-OAβBA on the up-regulation of PERK (protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase)- endoplasmic reticulum (ER)/unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways that are closely tied to activated programmed cell death (APCD). Global profiling confirms concomitant effects of BSE/3-OAβBA on upwardly expressed ER/URP APCD key components PERK (EIF2AK3), XBP1, C/EBP homologous protein transcription factor (CHOP), ATF3 and DDIT3,4/DNA-damage-inducible transcript 3,4 (GADD34). Further, BSE and/or 3-OAβBA significantly down-regulated oncogenes (OG) which, heretofore, lack functional pathway mapping, but are capable of driving epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell survival, proliferation, metastasis and drug resistance. Among these are cell migration-inducing protein hyaluronan binding (CEMIP) [-7.22]; transglutaminase 2 [-4.96], SRY box 9 (SOX9) [-4.09], inhibitor of DNA binding 1, dominant negative helix-loop-helix protein (ID1) [-6.56]; and endothelin 1 (EDN1, [-5.06]). Likewise, in the opposite manner, BSE and/or 3-OAβBA induced the robust overexpression of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs), including: glutathione-depleting ChaC glutathione-specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 (CHAC1) [+21.67]; the mTOR inhibitors - sestrin 2 (SESN2) [+16.4] Tribbles homolog 3 (TRIB3) [+6.2], homocysteine-inducible, endoplasmic reticulum stress-inducible, ubiquitin-like domain member 1 (HERPUD1) [+12.01]; and cystathionine gamma-lyase (CTH) [+11.12]. CONCLUSION The anti-cancer effects of the historically used frankincense sap (BSE) appear to involve major impact on the ER/UPR response, concomitant to effecting multiple targets counter to the growth, proliferation and metastasis of TNBC cancer cells. The microarray data are available at Expression Omnibus GEO Series accession number GSE102891.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Mazzio
- College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A
| | - Charles A Lewis
- College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A
| | - Karam F A Soliman
- College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Effects of Silymarin-Loaded Nanoparticles on HT-29 Human Colon Cancer Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 54:medicina54010001. [PMID: 30344232 PMCID: PMC6037238 DOI: 10.3390/medicina54010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background and objective: Previous studies have demonstrated the anti-cancer effects of silymarin (SLM). However, the low bioavailability of SLM has restricted its use. This study investigated the toxic effect of nanostructured SLM encapsulated in micelles (Nano-SLM) on the growth of the HT-29 human colon cancer cell line. Materials and methods: HT-29 cells were treated with 25 μM/mL of SLM or Nano-SLM for 48 h. MTT and colony formation assays were used to assess the cytotoxicity and proliferation of HT-29 cells, respectively. The cells were stained with annexin V/PI for assessment of apoptosis. Results: MTT assays revealed that Nano-SLM treatment was able to exert a more pronounced toxic effect on the HT-29 cells as compared to free SLM treatment (p < 0.01). In the Nano-SLM-treated cells, colony numbers were significantly reduced in comparison to the free SLM-treated cells (p < 0.01). Apoptotic and necrotic indexes of Nano-SLM-treated HT-29 cells were also significantly increased in comparison to those of the free SLM-treated cells (p < 0.01). The viability, proliferation and apoptosis of healthy cells (NIH-3T3 cells) were not changed in response to Nano-SLM or SLM. Conclusions: Our results indicate that Nano-SLM enhances the anti-cancer effects of SLM against human colon cancer cells.
Collapse
|
21
|
Antifungal Compounds against Candida Infections from Traditional Chinese Medicine. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:4614183. [PMID: 29445739 PMCID: PMC5763084 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4614183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Infections caused by Candida albicans, often refractory and with high morbidity and mortality, cause a heavy burden on the public health while the current antifungal drugs are limited and are associated with toxicity and resistance. Many plant-derived molecules including compounds isolated from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are reported to have antifungal activity through different targets such as cell membrane, cell wall, mitochondria, and virulence factors. Here, we review the recent progress in the anti-Candida compounds from TCM, as well as their antifungal mechanisms. Considering the diverse targets and structures, compounds from TCM might be a potential library for antifungal drug development.
Collapse
|