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Semicheva A, Ersoy U, Vasilaki A, Myrtziou I, Kanakis I. Defining the Most Potent Osteoinductive Culture Conditions for MC3T3-E1 Cells Reveals No Implication of Oxidative Stress or Energy Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4180. [PMID: 38673767 PMCID: PMC11050066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The MC3T3-E1 preosteoblastic cell line is widely utilised as a reliable in vitro system to assess bone formation. However, the experimental growth conditions for these cells hugely diverge, and, particularly, the osteogenic medium (OSM)'s composition varies in research studies. Therefore, we aimed to define the ideal culture conditions for MC3T3-E1 subclone 4 cells with regard to their mineralization capacity and explore if oxidative stress or the cellular metabolism processes are implicated. Cells were treated with nine different combinations of long-lasting ascorbate (Asc) and β-glycerophosphate (βGP), and osteogenesis/calcification was evaluated at three different time-points by qPCR, Western blotting, and bone nodule staining. Key molecules of the oxidative and metabolic pathways were also assessed. It was found that sufficient mineral deposition was achieved only in the 150 μg.mL-1/2 mM Asc/βGP combination on day 21 in OSM, and this was supported by Runx2, Alpl, Bglap, and Col1a1 expression level increases. NOX2 and SOD2 as well as PGC1α and Tfam were also monitored as indicators of redox and metabolic processes, respectively, where no differences were observed. Elevation in OCN protein levels and ALP activity showed that mineralisation comes as a result of these differences. This work defines the most appropriate culture conditions for MC3T3-E1 cells and could be used by other research laboratories in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Semicheva
- Chester Medical School, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Society, University of Chester, Chester CH1 4BJ, UK; (A.S.); (I.M.)
| | - Ufuk Ersoy
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences (ILCaMS), University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; (U.E.); (A.V.)
| | - Aphrodite Vasilaki
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences (ILCaMS), University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; (U.E.); (A.V.)
| | - Ioanna Myrtziou
- Chester Medical School, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Society, University of Chester, Chester CH1 4BJ, UK; (A.S.); (I.M.)
| | - Ioannis Kanakis
- Chester Medical School, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Society, University of Chester, Chester CH1 4BJ, UK; (A.S.); (I.M.)
- Department of Musculoskeletal & Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences (ILCaMS), University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; (U.E.); (A.V.)
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Gupta A, Mehta SK, Kumar A, Singh S. Advent of phytobiologics and nano-interventions for bone remodeling: a comprehensive review. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023; 43:142-169. [PMID: 34957903 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.2010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Bone metabolism constitutes the intricate processes of matrix deposition, mineralization, and resorption. Any imbalance in these processes leads to traumatic bone injuries and serious disease conditions. Therefore, bone remodeling plays a crucial role during the regeneration process maintaining the balance between osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. Currently, numerous phytobiologics are emerging as the new therapeutics for the treatment of bone-related complications overcoming the synthetic drug-based side effects. They can either target osteoblasts, osteoclasts, or both through different mechanistic pathways for maintaining the bone remodeling process. Although phytobiologics have been widely used since tradition for the treatment of bone fractures recently, the research is accentuated toward the development of osteogenic phytobioactives, constituent-based drug designing models, and efficacious delivery of the phytobioactives. To achieve this, different plant extracts and successful isolation of their phytoconstituents are critical for osteogenic research. Hence, this review emphasizes the phytobioactives based research specifically enlisting the plants and their constituents used so far as bone therapeutics, their respective isolation procedures, and nanotechnological interventions in bone research. Also, the review enlists the vast array of folklore plants and the newly emerging nano-delivery systems in treating bone injuries as the future scope of research in the phytomedicinal orthopedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archita Gupta
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Mehta
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biological Science and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India.,Centre for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India.,The Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India.,Centre for Nanosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Sneha Singh
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
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3
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miR-30a inhibits the osteogenic differentiation of the tibia-derived MSCs in congenital pseudarthrosis via targeting HOXD8. Regen Ther 2022; 21:477-485. [PMID: 36313394 PMCID: PMC9588990 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia (CPT) is an uncommon congenital deformity and a special subtype of bone nonunion. The lower ability of osteogenic differentiation in CPT-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could result in progression of CPT, and miR-30a could inhibit osteogenic differentiation. However, the role of miR-30a in CPT-derived MSCs remains unclear. Methods The osteogenic differentiation of CPT-derived MSCs treated with the miR-30a inhibitor was tested by Alizarin Red S staining and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. The expression levels of protein and mRNA were assessed by Western blot or quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), respectively. The interplay between miR-30a and HOXD8 was investigated by a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was conducted to assess the binding relationship between HOXD8 and RUNX2 promoter. Results CPT-derived MSCs showed a lower ability of osteogenic differentiation than normal MSCs. miR-30a increased in CPT-derived MSCs, and miR-30a downregulation promoted the osteogenic differentiation of CPT-derived MSCs. Meanwhile, HOXD8 is a direct target for miR-30a, and HOXD8 could transcriptionally activate RUNX2. In addition, miR-30a could inhibit the osteogenic differentiation of CPT-derived MSCs by negatively regulating HOXD8. Conclusion miR-30a inhibits the osteogenic differentiation of CPT-derived MSCs by targeting HOXD8. Thus, this study might supply a novel strategy against CPT.
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Key Words
- 3′-UTR, 3′-untranslated region
- ADSCs, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- ARS, Alizarin Red S
- CPT, congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia
- ChIP, chromatin immunoprecipitation
- Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- HOXD8
- HOXD8, Homeobox D8
- MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells
- OCN, osteocalcin
- OPN, osteopontin
- RT-qPCR, Quantitative reverse transcription PCR
- RUNX2
- RUNX2, runt-related transcription factor 2
- SD, standard deviation
- miR-30a
- miRNAs, MicroRNAs
- mut, mutant
- wt, wild-type
- α-MEM, α-minimum essential medium
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Li T, Geng Y, Hu Y, Zhang L, Cui X, Zhang W, Gao F, Liu Z, Luo X. Dentin Matrix Protein 1 Silencing Inhibits Phosphorus Utilization in Primary Cultured Tibial Osteoblasts of Broiler Chicks. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:875140. [PMID: 35558889 PMCID: PMC9087580 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.875140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Three experiments were carried out in the present study to investigate whether dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) was involved in regulating phosphorus (P) metabolic utilization in primary cultured tibial osteoblasts of broiler chicks. Experiment 1 was conducted to select the optimal osteogenic inductive culture medium and the optimal induction time in primary cultured tibial osteoblasts of broiler chicks. In experiment 2, the siRNAs against DMP1 were designed, synthesized and transfected into primary cultured tibial osteoblasts of broiler chicks, and then the inhibitory efficiencies of siRNAs against DMP1 were determined, and the most efficacious siRNA was selected to be used for the DMP1 silencing. In experiment 3, with or without siRNA against DMP1, primary cultured tibial osteoblasts of broiler chicks were treated with the medium supplemented with 0.0, 1.0 or 2.0 mmol/L of P as NaH2PO4 for 12 days. The P metabolic utilization-related parameters were measured. The results showed that the osteogenic induced medium 2 and 12 days of the optimal induction time were selected; Among the designed siRNAs, the si340 was the most effective (P < 0.05) in inhibiting the DMP1 expression; DMP1 silencing decreased (P < 0.05) the expressions of DMP1 mRNA and protein, P retention rate, mineralization formation, alkaline phosphatase activity and bone gla-protein content in tibial osteoblasts at all of added P levels. It is concluded that DMP1 silencing inhibited P utilization, and thus DMP1 was involved in regulating P metabolic utilization in primary cultured tibial osteoblasts of broiler chicks, which provides a novel insight into the regulation of the P utilization in the bone of broilers, and will contribute to develop feasible strategies to improve the bone P utilization efficiency of broilers so as to decrease its excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yanqiang Geng
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yun Hu
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Liyang Zhang
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cui
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Weiyun Zhang
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Feiyu Gao
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xugang Luo
- Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xugang Luo
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MiR-23b-3p functions as a positive factor for osteoporosis progression by targeting CCND1 in MC3T3-E1 cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2021; 57:324-331. [PMID: 33564997 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-021-00544-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
MiRNAs have gained tremendous attention as studies have shown that miRNAs play important roles in osteoporosis (OP) progression. This study attempted to explore whether miR-23b-3p is involved in the pathogenesis of OP. We detected the miR-23b-3p and Cyclin D1 (CCND1) expressional patterns in the bone of patients with or without OP relying on the GEO database. β-Glycerophosphate disodium salt and L-ascorbic acid were utilized to stimulate differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Cell proliferative, apoptotic abilities, and cell cycle distribution were determined by CCK-8 and flow cytometry experiments. TargetScan and dual-luciferase reporter analysis were employed to predict and verify the targets of miR-23b-3p. Western blot was implemented to detect the expression of CCND1, apoptosis-related proteins, and cell osteogenesis-related proteins. ALP activity of MC3T3-E1 cells was measured using ALP kit. MiR-23b-3p was increased in OP specimens. Gain-/loss-of-function analysis indicated that the miR-23b-3p inhibited proliferation and differentiation and promoted apoptosis of MC3T3-E1 cells. The levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 were increased while those of Bcl-2 were decreased. ALP activity was reduced, and the levels of ALP, Runx2, Osterix, and OPN were declined in MC3T3-E1 cells relative to control. Further analyses demonstrated that CCND1 was a putative target gene of miR-23b-3p. Moreover, knockdown of CCND1 could reverse the impacts of miR-23b-3p inhibitor in MC3T3-E1 cells. MiR-23b-3p functioned as an O-positive factor through regulating cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation via targeting CCND1.
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S. SN, S. R, S. H. Synthesis and application of silver nanoparticles using Cissus quadrangularis. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2020.1862219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sai Nivetha S.
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent institute of Science and Technology, Vandalur, Chennai, India
| | - Ranjani S.
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent institute of Science and Technology, Vandalur, Chennai, India
| | - Hemalatha S.
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent institute of Science and Technology, Vandalur, Chennai, India
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Singh P, Gupta A, Qayoom I, Singh S, Kumar A. Orthobiologics with phytobioactive cues: A paradigm in bone regeneration. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110754. [PMID: 34321168 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone injuries occur due to various traumatic and disease conditions. Healing of bone injury occurs via a multi-stage intricate process. Body has the potential to rectify most of the bone injuries but some severe traumatic cases with critical size defects may require interventions. Autografts are still considered the "gold standard" for fracture healing but due to limitations associated with it, new alternatives are warranted. The field of orthobiologics has provided novel approaches using scaffolds, bioactive molecules, stem cells for the treatment of bone defects. Phyto-bioactives have been widely used in alternative medicine and folklore practices for curing bone ailments. It is believed that different bioactive constituents in plants work synergistically to give the therapeutic efficacy. Bioactives in plants extracts act upon different signal transduction pathways aiding in bone healing. The present review focuses on the use, chemical composition, mode of delivery, mechanism of action, and possible future strategies of three medicinal plants popularly used in traditional medicine for bone healing: Cissus quadrangularis, Withania somnifera and Tinospora cordifolia. Plants extracts seem to be a natural and non-toxic therapeutic alternative in treating bone injuries. Most of the studies on bone healing for these plants have reported oral administration of the extracts and presented them as a safe alternative without any side effects despite giving higher doses. Forthcoming studies could be directed towards the local delivery of extracts at the defect site. Unification of herbal extracts and orthobiologics could be an interesting direction in the field of bone healing in future. The present review intends to provide a bird's eye view of different strategies used in bone healing, mechanisms involved and future direction of advancements using phytobioactives and orthobiologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Singh
- Department of Biological Science and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, UP, India
| | - Archita Gupta
- Department of Bioengineering, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra (BIT Mesra), Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Irfan Qayoom
- Department of Biological Science and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, UP, India
| | - Sneha Singh
- Department of Bioengineering, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra (BIT Mesra), Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biological Science and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, UP, India; Centre for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, UP, India; Centre for Nanosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, UP, India.
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8
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Toor RH, Khan ZN, Tariq M, Tassaduq R, Gardner QUAA, Waheed-uz-Zaman, Lian JB, Stein JL, Stein GS, Shakoori AR. Bioactivity-Guided Isolation and Identification of Anti-adipogenic Constituents from the n-Butanol Fraction of Cissus quadrangularis. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 2020; 30:519-541. [PMID: 33463919 PMCID: PMC8650164 DOI: 10.1615/critreveukaryotgeneexpr.2020036843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is marked by the buildup of fat in adipose tissue that increases body weight and the risk of many associated health problems, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Treatment options for obesity are limited, and available medications have many side effects. Thus there is a great need to find alternative medicines for treating obesity. This study explores the anti-adipogenic potential of the n-butanol fraction of Cissus quadrangularis (CQ-B) on 3T3-L1 mouse preadipocyte cell line. The expression of various lipogenic marker genes such as adiponectin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, leptin, fatty acid-binding proteins, sterol regulatory element-binding proteins, fetal alcohol syndrome, steroyl-CoA desaturase-1, lipoproteins, acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase beta were variously significantly downregulated. After establishing the anti-adipogenic potential of CQ-B, it was fractionated to isolate anti-adipogenic compounds. We observed significant reduction in neutral lipid content of differentiated cells treated with various fractions of CQ-B. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of thirteen compounds with reported anti-adipogenic activities. Further studies to purify these compounds can offer efficacious and viable treatment options for obesity and related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabail Hassan Toor
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zainab Nasir Khan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Maira Tariq
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Raazia Tassaduq
- Department of Biotechnology, Kinnaird College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Waheed-uz-Zaman
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jane B. Lian
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Janet L. Stein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Gary S. Stein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Abdul Rauf Shakoori
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
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9
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Toor RH, Malik S, Qamar H, Batool F, Tariq M, Nasir Z, Tassaduq R, Lian JB, Stein JL, Stein GS, Shakoori AR. Osteogenic potential of hexane and dichloromethane fraction of
Cissus quadrangularis
on murine preosteoblast cell line MC3T3‐E1 (subclone 4). J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:23082-23096. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rabail H. Toor
- School of Biological Sciences, Quaid‐i‐Azam Campus University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan
| | - Shabana Malik
- School of Biological Sciences, Quaid‐i‐Azam Campus University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan
| | - Haleema Qamar
- School of Biological Sciences, Quaid‐i‐Azam Campus University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan
| | - Faiza Batool
- School of Biological Sciences, Quaid‐i‐Azam Campus University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan
| | - Maira Tariq
- School of Biological Sciences, Quaid‐i‐Azam Campus University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan
| | - Zainab Nasir
- School of Biological Sciences, Quaid‐i‐Azam Campus University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan
| | - Raazia Tassaduq
- Department of Biotechnology Kinnaird College for Women Lahore Punjab Pakistan
| | - Jane B. Lian
- Department of Biochemistry University of Vermont College of Medicine Burlington Vermont
| | - Janet L. Stein
- Department of Biochemistry University of Vermont College of Medicine Burlington Vermont
| | - Gary S. Stein
- Department of Biochemistry University of Vermont College of Medicine Burlington Vermont
| | - Abdul R. Shakoori
- School of Biological Sciences, Quaid‐i‐Azam Campus University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences University of Central Punjab Lahore Pakistan
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