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Ashraf H, Dikarlo P, Masia A, Zarbo IR, Solla P, Ijaz UZ, Sechi LA. Network analysis of gut microbial communities reveal key genera for a multiple sclerosis cohort with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection. Gut Pathog 2024; 16:37. [PMID: 38987816 PMCID: PMC11238521 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-024-00627-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In gut ecosystems, there is a complex interplay of biotic and abiotic interactions that decide the overall fitness of an individual. Divulging the microbe-microbe and microbe-host interactions may lead to better strategies in disease management, as microbes rarely act in isolation. Network inference for microbial communities is often a challenging task limited by both analytical assumptions as well as experimental approaches. Even after the network topologies are obtained, identification of important nodes within the context of underlying disease aetiology remains a convoluted task. We therefore present a network perspective on complex interactions in gut microbial profiles of individuals who have multiple sclerosis with and without Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) infection. Our exposé is guided by recent advancements in network-wide statistical measures that identify the keystone nodes. We have utilised several centrality measures, including a recently published metric, Integrated View of Influence (IVI), that is robust against biases. RESULTS The ecological networks were generated on microbial abundance data (n = 69 samples) utilising 16 S rRNA amplification. Using SPIEC-EASI, a sparse inverse covariance estimation approach, we have obtained networks separately for MAP positive (+), MAP negative (-) and healthy controls (as a baseline). Using IVI metric, we identified top 20 keystone nodes and regressed them against covariates of interest using a generalised linear latent variable model. Our analyses suggest Eisenbergiella to be of pivotal importance in MS irrespective of MAP infection. For MAP + cohort, Pyarmidobacter, and Peptoclostridium were predominately the most influential genera, also hinting at an infection model similar to those observed in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs). In MAP- cohort, on the other hand, Coprostanoligenes group was the most influential genera that reduces cholesterol and supports the intestinal barrier. CONCLUSIONS The identification of keystone nodes, their co-occurrences, and associations with the exposome (meta data) advances our understanding of biological interactions through which MAP infection shapes the microbiome in MS individuals, suggesting the link to the inflammatory process of IBDs. The associations presented in this study may lead to development of improved diagnostics and effective vaccines for the management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajra Ashraf
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Water & Environment Research Group, Mazumdar-Shaw Advanced Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Plamena Dikarlo
- BIOMES NGS GmbH, Schwartzkopffstraße 1, 15745, Halle 21, Wildau, Germany
| | - Aurora Masia
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacy, Neurology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Ignazio R Zarbo
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacy, Neurology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Paolo Solla
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacy, Neurology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Umer Zeeshan Ijaz
- Water & Environment Research Group, Mazumdar-Shaw Advanced Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
- National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland.
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Leonardo A Sechi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
- Complex Structure of Microbiology and Virology, AOU Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
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Petit P, Chamot S, Al-Salameh A, Cancé C, Desailloud R, Bonneterre V. Farming activity and risk of treated thyroid disorders: Insights from the TRACTOR project, a nationwide cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 249:118458. [PMID: 38365059 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological data regarding thyroid diseases are lacking, in particular for occupationally exposed populations. OBJECTIVES To compare the risk of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism between farming activities within the complete population of French farm managers (FMs). METHODS Digital health data from retrospective administrative databases, including insurance claims and electronic health/medical records, was employed. This cohort data spanned the entirety of French farm managers (FMs) who had undertaken work at least once from 2002 to 2016. Survival analysis with the time to initial medication reimbursement as timescale was used to examine the association (hazard ratio, HR) between 26 specific farming activities and both treated hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. A distinct model was developed for each farming activity, comparing FMs who had never engaged in the specific farming activity between 2002 and 2016 with those who had. All analyses were adjusted for potential confounders (e.g., age), and sensitivity analyses were conducted. RESULTS Among 1088561 FMs (mean age 46.6 [SD 14.1]; 31% females), there were 31834 hypothyroidism cases (75% females) and 620 hyperthyroidism cases (67% females), respectively. The highest risks were observed for cattle activities for both hyperthyroidism (HR ranging from 1.75 to 2.42) and hypothyroidism (HR ranging from 1.41 to 1.44). For hypothyroidism, higher risks were also observed for several animal farming activities (pig, poultry, and rabbit), as well as fruit arboriculture (HR = 1.22 [1.14-1.31]). The lowest risks were observed for activities involving horses. Sex differences in the risk of hypothyroidism were observed for eight activities, with the risk being higher for males (HR = 1.09 [1.01-1.20]) than females in viticulture (HR = 0.97 [0.93-1.00]). The risk of hyperthyroidism was two times higher for male dairy farmers than females. DISCUSSION Our findings offer a comprehensive overview of thyroid disease risks within the FM community. Thyroid ailments might not stem from a single cause but likely arise from the combined effects of various causal agents and triggering factors (agricultural exposome). Further investigation into distinct farming activities-especially those involving cattle-is essential to pinpoint potential risk factors that could enhance thyroid disease monitoring in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Petit
- CHU Grenoble Alpes, Centre Régional de Pathologies Professionnelles et Environnementales, 38000, Grenoble, France; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, AGEIS, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Sylvain Chamot
- Regional Center for Occupational and Environmental Diseases of Hauts-de-France, Amiens University Hospital, 1 rond point du Pr Christian Cabrol, 80000, Amiens, France; Péritox (UMR_I 01), UPJV/INERIS, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Chemin du Thil, 80025, Amiens, France
| | - Abdallah Al-Salameh
- Péritox (UMR_I 01), UPJV/INERIS, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Chemin du Thil, 80025, Amiens, France; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus and Nutrition, Amiens University Hospital, 1 rond point du Pr Christian Cabrol, 80054, Amiens, France
| | - Christophe Cancé
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Rachel Desailloud
- Péritox (UMR_I 01), UPJV/INERIS, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Chemin du Thil, 80025, Amiens, France; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus and Nutrition, Amiens University Hospital, 1 rond point du Pr Christian Cabrol, 80054, Amiens, France
| | - Vincent Bonneterre
- CHU Grenoble Alpes, Centre Régional de Pathologies Professionnelles et Environnementales, 38000, Grenoble, France; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC, 38000, Grenoble, France
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3
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Asgari N, Ghaemi EA, Naeimi MH, Tahamtan A, Sechi LA, Zamani S. Cross-reactivity between Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis 4027 peptide and Human IRF5 may contribute to Multiple Sclerosis in Iranian patients. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22137. [PMID: 38034802 PMCID: PMC10686849 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The etiology of Multiple sclerosis (MS) is complicated and can be affected by several environmental factors, such as Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) infection in genetically predisposed individuals. The link between MAP and MS depends on host genetic and epigenetic aspects and population-based features that require further investigation. We aimed to study the possible role of MAP in triggering MS using molecular and serological methods. Materials and methods This case-control study examined 200 blood samples (100 MS patients and 100 HCs) to search for the MAP-specific IS900 gene. In addition, ELISA was conducted to determine the humoral response against MAP_402718-32 and its human IRF5424-434 peptide homolog. Results The frequency of MAP detection based on the molecular method in MS patients and HCs was 48 % and 13 %, respectively (p < 0.0001). The presence of antibodies against MAP_402718-32 and IRF5424-434 was 55 % and 65 % in MS patients versus 9 % and 7 % in HCs, respectively (p < 0.0001). A good correlation was observed between MAP_4027 and IRF5 antibodies (r = 0.5782, p < 0.0001), indicating that the same antibodies recognized common peptide epitopes. Conclusion Our research revealed a significant association between MAP and MS, highlighting the possible role of MAP as an important infection trigger factor of MS. It is hypothesized that cross-reactivity between MAP4027 and IRF5 may dysregulate immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Asgari
- Neuroscience Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ezzat Allah Ghaemi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasan Naeimi
- Department of Neurology, Sayyad Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Alireza Tahamtan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Leonardo Antonio Sechi
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43b, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Samin Zamani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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Triantaphyllopoulos KA. Long Non-Coding RNAs and Their "Discrete" Contribution to IBD and Johne's Disease-What Stands out in the Current Picture? A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13566. [PMID: 37686376 PMCID: PMC10487966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) have paved the way to new perspectives on the regulation of gene expression, not only in biology and medicine, but also in associated fields and technologies, ensuring advances in diagnostic means and therapeutic modalities. Critical in this multistep approach are the associations of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) with diseases and their causal genes in their networks of interactions, gene enrichment and expression analysis, associated pathways, the monitoring of the involved genes and their functional roles during disease progression from one stage to another. Studies have shown that Johne's Disease (JD), caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies partuberculosis (MAP), shares common lncRNAs, clinical findings, and other molecular entities with Crohn's Disease (CD). This has been a subject of vigorous investigation owing to the zoonotic nature of this condition, although results are still inconclusive. In this review, on one hand, the current knowledge of lncRNAs in cells is presented, focusing on the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal-related pathologies and MAP-related infections and, on the other hand, we attempt to dissect the associated genes and pathways involved. Furthermore, the recently characterized and novel lncRNAs share common pathologies with IBD and JD, including the expression, molecular networks, and dataset analysis results. These are also presented in an attempt to identify potential biomarkers pertinent to cattle and human disease phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas A Triantaphyllopoulos
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos St., 11855 Athens, Greece
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Jurado-Martos F, Cardoso-Toset F, Tarradas C, Galán-Relaño Á, Sánchez-Carvajal JM, Ruedas-Torres I, Vera E, Larenas-Muñoz F, Gómez-Gascón L, Rodríguez-Gómez IM, Carrasco L, Gómez-Laguna J, Lorenzo BH, Luque I. Diagnostic performance of faecal and tissue multiplex qPCR IS900/F57 for the detection of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in cattle. Res Vet Sci 2023; 161:156-162. [PMID: 37406574 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is responsible for bovine-paratuberculosis (bPTB), which causes high production losses in cattle. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 228 cattle to evaluate the validity and diagnostic utility of a multiplex real-time PCR (qPCR) on faecal and intestinal samples [ileocaecal valve (ICV) and ileocaecal lymph nodes (ICLN)], using intestinal tissue culture as a reference test. Based on the sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios (LR) obtained, the diagnostic value of faecal qPCR for confirming MAP infection was moderate (sensitivity 50.3%, specificity 93.5%, positive LR 7.8), and low to rule it out (negative LR 0.5). In areas with a prevalence of >23% the credibility of positive results was higher than 70%. In the case of negative results, their credibility was higher than 90% in herds with an infection rate below 19%, so faecal qPCR would be very useful in these areas to certify the absence of infection. For post-mortem diagnosis, qPCR on ICV samples showed good diagnostic accuracy to confirm the disease (sensitivity 71.7%, specificity 93.3%, positive LR 10.8), with a credibility higher than 70% in animals from areas or herds with a prevalence of infection greater than or equal to 18%. The best strategy to rule out the disease was the parallel combination of both tissues (ICV + ICLN) (sensitivity 81.3%, specificity 89.5%, negative LR 0.2) with a credibility of over 95% in animals from areas with an infection prevalence of 0-20%. Faecal and tissues qPCR techniques can be used to monitor bPTB, the interpretation of results, according to epidemiological situation of the herd or area, are shown.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carmen Tarradas
- Department of Animal Health, University of Cordoba, Spain; UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'ceiA3', University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ángela Galán-Relaño
- Department of Animal Health, University of Cordoba, Spain; UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'ceiA3', University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - José María Sánchez-Carvajal
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), University of Cordoba, Spain; UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'ceiA3', University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Inés Ruedas-Torres
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), University of Cordoba, Spain; UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'ceiA3', University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Eduardo Vera
- Department of Animal Health, University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Fernanda Larenas-Muñoz
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Lidia Gómez-Gascón
- Department of Animal Health, University of Cordoba, Spain; UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'ceiA3', University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Irene Magdalena Rodríguez-Gómez
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), University of Cordoba, Spain; UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'ceiA3', University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Librado Carrasco
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), University of Cordoba, Spain; UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'ceiA3', University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Jaime Gómez-Laguna
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), University of Cordoba, Spain; UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'ceiA3', University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Belén Huerta Lorenzo
- Department of Animal Health, University of Cordoba, Spain; UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'ceiA3', University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Luque
- Department of Animal Health, University of Cordoba, Spain; UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'ceiA3', University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
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Reza Lahimchi M, Eslami M, Yousefi B. Interleukin-35 and Interleukin-37 anti-inflammatory effect on inflammatory bowel disease: Application of non-coding RNAs in IBD therapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109932. [PMID: 37012889 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a widespread autoimmune disease that may even be life-threatening. IBD is divided into two major subtypes: ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Interleukin (IL)-35 and IL-37 are anti-inflammatory cytokines that belong to IL-12 and IL-1 families, respectively. Their recruitment relieves inflammation in various autoimmune diseases, including psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and IBD. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and regulatory B cells (Bregs) are the primary producers of IL-35/IL-37. IL-35 and IL-37 orchestrate the regulation of the immune system through two main strategies: Blocking nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-kB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways or promoting the proliferation of Tregs and Bregs. Moreover, IL-35 and IL-37 can also inhibit inflammation by adjusting the T helper (Th)17/Treg ratio balance. Among the anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-35 and IL-37 have significant potential to reduce intestinal inflammation. Therefore, administering IL-35/IL-37-based drugs or blocking their inhibitor microRNAs could be a promising approach to alleviate IBD symptoms. Overall, in this review article, we summarized the therapeutic application of IL-35 and IL-37 in both human and experimental models of IBD. Also, it is hoped that this practical information will reach beyond IBD therapy and shed some light on treating all intestinal inflammations.
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Gholizadeh O, Akbarzadeh S, Moein M, Yasamineh S, Hosseini P, Afkhami H, Amini P, Dadashpour M, Tahavvori A, Eslami M, Hossein Taherian M, Poortahmasebi V. The role of non-coding RNAs in the diagnosis of different stages (HCC, CHB, OBI) of hepatitis B infection. Microb Pathog 2023; 176:105995. [PMID: 36681203 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.105995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite the availability of an effective hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine and universal immunization schedules, HBV has remained a health problem in various stages such as occult hepatitis B infection (OBI), chronic hepatitis B (CHB), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is considered one of the possible phases during chronic HBV infection. OBI is defined as the persistence of HBV genomes in hepatocytes of patients with a negative HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) test and detectable or undetectable HBV DNA in the blood. OBI is occasionally associated with infection caused by mutant viruses that produce a modified HBsAg that is undetected by diagnostic procedures or with replication-defective variations. Many aspects of HBV (OBI more than any other stage) including prevalence, pathobiology, and clinical implications has remained controversial. According to a growing body of research, non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) have been linked to the development and progression of a number of illnesses, including viral infectious disorders. Despite a shortage of knowledge regarding the expression and biological activities of lncRNAs and miRNAs in HBV infection, Hepatitis B remains a major global public health concern. This review summarizes the role of lncRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of different stages of hepatitis B infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Gholizadeh
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sama Akbarzadeh
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masood Moein
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saman Yasamineh
- Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parastoo Hosseini
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Afkhami
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Paria Amini
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Dadashpour
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Amir Tahavvori
- Internal Department, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Majid Eslami
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | | | - Vahdat Poortahmasebi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Clinical, histopathological, and molecular findings for Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) in dairy goats under semiarid conditions. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 139:102319. [PMID: 36764074 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to report the occurrence of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) in dairy goats, via description of their clinical presentation, histopathological findings, and molecular identification of the infectious agent. Screening was performed using IS900 real-time PCR (qPCR) in milk samples from 179 properties in the semiarid of Northeast region of Brazil. Pooled milk samples from all lactating goats from processing plants were submitted to molecular diagnosis. One property had a positive result at qPCR. The production unit which had the positive sample for MAP was located, and an on-site visit to this property was performed to collect individual milk samples, seven of which tested MAP positive by IS900 qPCR. With permission from the owner, two goats (Animal 1 was positive and Animal 2 was negative on first qPCR for MAP) were acquired and euthanized. Animals 1 and 2 had milk and portions of the duodenum, ileum, colon, and mesenteric lymph nodes positive at qPCR for MAP. Animal 1 also had MAP DNA detected in part of the jejunum and cecum. In animal 2, the ileocecal valve tested positive. MAP was not detected in the blood or feces of either animal; however; it was confirmed for the association of clinical findings, histopathology, and qPCR. The gene IS900 from the positive samples were sequenced and showed a 99% similarity with MAP. The MAP was identified for the first time in the goat milk and tissues in the semiarid region of Northeast Brazil.
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Sedighi S, Gholizadeh O, Yasamineh S, Akbarzadeh S, Amini P, Favakehi P, Afkhami H, Firouzi-Amandi A, Pahlevan D, Eslami M, Yousefi B, Poortahmasebi V, Dadashpour M. Comprehensive Investigations Relationship Between Viral Infections and Multiple Sclerosis Pathogenesis. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:15. [PMID: 36459252 PMCID: PMC9716500 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-03112-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS). Compared to other types of self-limiting myelin disorders, MS compartmentalizes and maintains chronic inflammation in the CNS. Even though the exact cause of MS is unclear, it is assumed that genetic and environmental factors play an important role in susceptibility to this disease. The progression of MS is triggered by certain environmental factors, such as viral infections. The most important viruses that affect MS are Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6), human endogenous retrovirus (HERV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and varicella zoster virus (VZV). These viruses all have latent stages that allow them to escape immune detection and reactivate after exposure to various stimuli. Furthermore, their tropism for CNS and immune system cells explains their possible deleterious function in neuroinflammation. In this study, the effect of viral infections on MS disease focuses on the details of viruses that can change the risk of the disease. Paying attention to the most recent articles on the role of SARS-CoV-2 in MS disease, laboratory indicators show the interaction of the immune system with the virus. Also, strategies to prevent viruses that play a role in triggering MS are discussed, such as EBV, which is one of the most important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Sedighi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Science of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Omid Gholizadeh
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saman Yasamineh
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sama Akbarzadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parya Amini
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parnia Favakehi
- Department of Microbiology, Falavargan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamed Afkhami
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Science of Shahed, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Firouzi-Amandi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Daryoush Pahlevan
- Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Majid Eslami
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Vahdat Poortahmasebi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Dadashpour
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
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10
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Gastrointestinal Tract, Microbiota and Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and the Link Between Gut Microbiota and CNS. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:38. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-03150-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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11
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Are Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) the Main Mechanism by Which Copper Ion Treatment Degrades the DNA of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Suspended in Milk? Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10112272. [DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causal agent of paratuberculosis. This pathogen is able to survive adverse environmental conditions, including the pasteurization process. Copper, a well-studied metal, is considered an important antibacterial tool, since it has been shown to inactivate even MAP in treated milk through unknown mechanisms. The aim of the present study is to show the effect of copper ions, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in response to oxidative stress, on the damage to MAP DNA when exposed to a copper ion challenge in cow’s milk. Methodology: Spiked milk with different MAP bacterial loads was supplemented with blocking agents. These were either the copper chelators ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and batocuproin (BCS) or the ROS quenchers D-mannitol, gallic acid and quercetin. The DNA protection, MAP viability and ROS production generated after exposure to a copper challenge were then measured. Results: In a bacterial load of 104 cells mL−1, blocking effects by both the copper chelators and all the ROS quenchers offered significant protection to MAP DNA. In a concentration of 102 cells mL−1, only D-mannitol and a mix of quenchers significantly protected the viability of the bacteria, and only at a concentration of 106 cells mL−1 was there a lower production of ROS when supplementing milk with gallic acid, quercetin and the mix of quenchers. Conclusion: Based on these findings, it may be concluded that MAP DNA damage can be attributed to the combined effect of the direct copper ions and ROS generated. Nevertheless, taking into account the antioxidant environment that milk provides, the direct effect of copper could play a prominent role.
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12
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Yu Y, Zhang S, Xu G, Xu D, Zheng H, Li B, Shen K, Fu L. Identification of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in sheep farms in Bayannaoer, Inner Mongolia, China (short communication). BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:281. [PMID: 35842628 PMCID: PMC9287916 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paratuberculosis is a widespread chronic infection of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) that causes significant economic losses to the sheep industry. The current study investigated this disease, which causes diarrhea in sheep, particularly, in Bayannaoer, Inner Mongolia, China. Diagnosis was based on clinical symptoms, pathological autopsy, histopathological inspection, and serological and molecular methods. RESULTS MAP was confirmed using polymerase chain reaction using DNA extracted from tissue and fecal samples. Serum samples from 472 individual sheep were obtained to detect antibodies against MAP using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. MAP antibodies were separately detected in 17.86% (35/196) and 18.48% (51/276) of sheep herds at approximately 6 months and ≥ 1 year of age, respectively. The tissue lesion and pathological section results were consistent with paratuberculosis infection. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first report of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis seroprevalence in Bayannaoer sheep in Inner Mongolia. Our findings show that MAP is not only prevalent, but also a potential threat to this region. Further investigations, including long-term epidemiological surveillance and isolation are needed for the awareness and effective treatment of paratuberculosis in sheep of Inner Mongolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuandi Yu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Research Center of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, 51 Changlong Avenue, Rongchang District, ChongQing, 402460, China
| | - Suhui Zhang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Research Center of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, 51 Changlong Avenue, Rongchang District, ChongQing, 402460, China
| | - Guoyang Xu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Research Center of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, 51 Changlong Avenue, Rongchang District, ChongQing, 402460, China
| | - Dengfeng Xu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Research Center of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, 51 Changlong Avenue, Rongchang District, ChongQing, 402460, China
| | - Hua Zheng
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Research Center of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, 51 Changlong Avenue, Rongchang District, ChongQing, 402460, China
| | - Bo Li
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Research Center of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, 51 Changlong Avenue, Rongchang District, ChongQing, 402460, China
| | - Kefei Shen
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China. .,Chongqing Research Center of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, 51 Changlong Avenue, Rongchang District, ChongQing, 402460, China.
| | - Lizhi Fu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China. .,Chongqing Research Center of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, 51 Changlong Avenue, Rongchang District, ChongQing, 402460, China.
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13
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Detection of Low MAP Shedder Prevalence in Large Free-Stall Dairy Herds by Repeated Testing of Environmental Samples and Pooled Milk Samples. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12111343. [PMID: 35681807 PMCID: PMC9179536 DOI: 10.3390/ani12111343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Paratuberculosis is a disease which affects ruminants worldwide. Many countries have implemented certification and monitoring systems to control the disease, particularly in dairy herds. Monitoring herds certified as paratuberculosis non-suspect is an important component of paratuberculosis herd certification programs. The challenge is to detect the introduction or reintroduction of the infectious agent as early as possible with reasonable efforts but high certainty. In our study, we evaluated different low-cost testing schemes in herds where the share of infected animals was low, resulting in a low within-herd prevalence of animals shedding the bacteria that causes paratuberculosis in their feces. The test methods used were repeated pooled milk samples and fecal samples from the barn environment. Our study showed that numerous repetitions of different samples are necessary to monitor such herds with sufficiently high certainty. In the case of herds with a very low prevalence, our study showed that a combination of different sampling approaches is required. Abstract An easy-to-use and affordable surveillance system is crucial for paratuberculosis control. The use of environmental samples and milk pools has been proven to be effective for the detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP)-infected herds, but not for monitoring dairy herds certified as MAP non-suspect. We aimed to evaluate methods for the repeated testing of large dairy herds with a very low prevalence of MAP shedders, using different sets of environmental samples or pooled milk samples, collected monthly over a period of one year in 36 herds with known MAP shedder prevalence. Environmental samples were analyzed by bacterial culture and fecal PCR, and pools of 25 and 50 individual milk samples were analyzed by ELISA for MAP-specific antibodies. We estimated the cumulative sensitivity and specificity for up to twelve sampling events by adapting a Bayesian latent class model and taking into account the between- and within-test correlation. Our study revealed that at least seven repeated samplings of feces from the barn environment are necessary to achieve a sensitivity of 95% in herds with a within-herd shedder prevalence of at least 2%. The detection of herds with a prevalence of less than 2% is more challenging and, in addition to numerous repetitions, requires a combination of different samples.
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14
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Mizzi R, Plain KM, Whittington R, Timms VJ. Global Phylogeny of Mycobacterium avium and Identification of Mutation Hotspots During Niche Adaptation. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:892333. [PMID: 35602010 PMCID: PMC9121174 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.892333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium is separated into four subspecies: M. avium subspecies avium (MAA), M. avium subspecies silvaticum (MAS), M. avium subspecies hominissuis (MAH), and M. avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). Understanding the mechanisms of host and tissue adaptation leading to their clinical significance is vital to reduce the economic, welfare, and public health concerns associated with diseases they may cause in humans and animals. Despite substantial phenotypic diversity, the subspecies nomenclature is controversial due to high genetic similarity. Consequently, a set of 1,230 M. avium genomes was used to generate a phylogeny, investigate SNP hotspots, and identify subspecies-specific genes. Phylogeny reiterated the findings from previous work and established that Mycobacterium avium is a species made up of one highly diverse subspecies, known as MAH, and at least two clonal pathogens, named MAA and MAP. Pan-genomes identified coding sequences unique to each subspecies, and in conjunction with a mapping approach, mutation hotspot regions were revealed compared to the reference genomes for MAA, MAH, and MAP. These subspecies-specific genes may serve as valuable biomarkers, providing a deeper understanding of genetic differences between M. avium subspecies and the virulence mechanisms of mycobacteria. Furthermore, SNP analysis demonstrated common regions between subspecies that have undergone extensive mutations during niche adaptation. The findings provide insights into host and tissue specificity of this genetically conserved but phenotypically diverse species, with the potential to provide new diagnostic targets and epidemiological and therapeutic advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Mizzi
- Farm Animal Health, School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
| | - Karren M Plain
- Farm Animal Health, School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia.,Microbiology and Parasitology Research, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard Whittington
- Farm Animal Health, School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
| | - Verlaine J Timms
- Neilan Laboratory of Microbial and Molecular Diversity, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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15
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Knific T, Ocepek M, Kirbiš A, Krt B, Prezelj J, Gethmann JM. Quantitative Risk Assessment of Exposure to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) via Different Types of Milk for the Slovenian Consumer. Foods 2022; 11:foods11101472. [PMID: 35627042 PMCID: PMC9140596 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the risk of exposure to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) via milk for the Slovenian consumer. MAP is suspected to be associated with several diseases in humans, therefore the risk of exposure should be better understood. The primary source of MAP for humans is thought to be cattle, in which MAP causes paratuberculosis or Johne’s disease. We developed a stochastic quantitative risk assessment model using Monte Carlo simulations. Considering the assumptions and uncertainties, we estimated the overall risk of exposure to MAP via milk to be low. For people consuming raw milk from MAP positive farms, the risk was high. On-farm pasteurisation reduced the risk considerably, but not completely. The risk of exposure via pasteurised retail milk was most likely insignificant. However, with a higher paratuberculosis prevalence the risk would also increase. Given the popularity of raw milk vending machines and homemade dairy products, this risk should not be ignored. To reduce the risk, consumers should heat raw milk before consumption. To prevent a potential public health scare and safeguard farmers’ livelihoods, a reduction in paratuberculosis prevalence should be sought. Our results show that culling clinically infected cows was insufficient to reduce milk contamination with MAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Knific
- Institute of Food Safety, Feed and Environment, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva ulica 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Matjaž Ocepek
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva ulica 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.O.); (B.K.)
| | - Andrej Kirbiš
- Institute of Food Safety, Feed and Environment, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva ulica 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Branko Krt
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva ulica 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.O.); (B.K.)
| | - Jasna Prezelj
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska ulica 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
- Institute of Mathematics, Physics and Mechanics, Jadranska ulica 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jörn M. Gethmann
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany;
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16
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Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and microbiome profile of patients in a referral gastrointestinal diseases centre in the Sudan. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266533. [PMID: 35381037 PMCID: PMC8982859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) causes Johne’s disease in animals with zoonotic potential; it has been linked to many chronic diseases in humans, especially gastrointestinal diseases (GID). MAP has been extensively studied in Europe and America, but little reports were published from Africa. Sudan is a unique country with close contact between humans and livestock. Despite such interaction, the one health concept is neglected in dealing with cases of humans with GID. In this study, patients admitted to the reference GID hospital in the Sudan over a period of 8 months were screened for presence of MAP in their faeces or colonic biopsies. A total of 86 patients were recruited for this study, but only 67 were screened for MAP, as 19 did not provide the necessary samples for analysis. Both real-time PCR and culture were used to detect MAP in the collected samples and the microbial diversity in patients´ faecal samples was investigated using 16S rDNA nanopore sequencing. In total, 27 (40.3%) patients were MAP positive: they were 15 males and 12 females, of ages between 21 and 80 years. Logistic regression analysis revealed no statistical significance for all tested variables in MAP positive patients (occupation, gender, contact with animal, milk consumption, chronic disease, etc.). A unique microbiome profile of MAP-positive patients in comparison to MAP-negative was found. These findings suggest that a considerable proportion of the population could be MAP infected or carriers. Therefore, increase awareness at community level is urgently needed to decrease the risk of MAP at human/animal interface. This study represents the first report of MAP in humans in the Sudan; nevertheless, a better view of the situation of MAP in humans in the country requires a larger study including patients with other conditions.
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17
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Fan J, Lan T, Tang K, Wang G, Dong W, Li D, Yan G, Li Y, Lei G, Shan J, Wang Q, Ma J, Huang H, Qin S. The Comparative Influence of 2 and 4 Weeks Preoperative Antituberculosis Treatment on Spinal Tuberculosis Surgery: A Multicenter, Prospective, Randomized Clinical Trial. Infect Dis Ther 2021; 10:1451-1463. [PMID: 34120314 PMCID: PMC8322202 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-021-00462-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A trade-off between successful surgery and minimizing the operation delay for patients with spinal tuberculosis (TB) is a major consideration to determine the duration of preoperational anti-TB treatment (AAT). In this study, 2 and 4 weeks preoperative AAT durations were compared for their influence on the operation outcomes. METHOD A multicenter, prospective, randomized trial was conducted in four hospitals in China. New patients with spinal TB were recruited and randomly allocated to two groups (2 or 4 weeks' preoperative treatment) and administered the standardized first-line anti-TB drugs. The symptom changing and indicators reflecting recovery and side effects of the treatment were monitored. Patient was followed up for another 18 months after completion of treatment. RESULTS In total, 150 eligible patients were enrolled between June 2014 and December 2016, and 13 patients were excluded after the enrollment. The remaining 137 participants were randomly allocated to the 2-week group (n = 68) or the 4-week group (n = 69). These two groups acquired similar surgical outcomes, considering wound healing rate within 3 months after the operation (94.20%, 65/69 vs 89.71%, 61/68; P = 0.333) and bony fusion rate within 6 months (98.46%, 64/65 vs 95.45%, 63/66; P = 0.317). However, the culture positive rate of pus collected during operation in the 4-week group (41.94%) was significantly lower than that of the 2-week group (60.94%, P = 0.033). No reoccurrence of disease was observed in either group during the 18-month follow-up period. CONCLUSION Patients with spinal TB administered 2 or 4 weeks of preoperative anti-TB treatment acquired similar surgical outcomes. However, patients who underwent the operation sooner suffered 2 weeks less agony from the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beiguan St #9, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Tinglong Lan
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beiguan St #9, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Kai Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beiguan St #9, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Guirong Wang
- National Clinical Laboratory On Tuberculosis, Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Weijie Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beiguan St #9, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Dawei Li
- The 8th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guangxuan Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beiguan St #9, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beiguan St #9, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Guohua Lei
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beiguan St #9, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Jianlin Shan
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jianhua Ma
- Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hairong Huang
- National Clinical Laboratory On Tuberculosis, Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing, China.
| | - Shibing Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beiguan St #9, Beijing, 101149, China.
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18
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Kleinwort KJH, Hobmaier BF, Mayer R, Hölzel C, Degroote RL, Märtlbauer E, Hauck SM, Deeg CA. Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Proteome Changes Profoundly in Milk. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11080549. [PMID: 34436489 PMCID: PMC8399727 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) are detectable viable in milk and other dairy products. The molecular mechanisms allowing the adaptation of MAP in these products are still poorly understood. To obtain information about respective adaptation of MAP in milk, we differentially analyzed the proteomes of MAP cultivated for 48 h in either milk at 37 °C or 4 °C or Middlebrook 7H9 broth as a control. From a total of 2197 MAP proteins identified, 242 proteins were at least fivefold higher in abundance in milk. MAP responded to the nutritional shortage in milk with upregulation of 32% of proteins with function in metabolism and 17% in fatty acid metabolism/synthesis. Additionally, MAP upregulated clusters of 19% proteins with roles in stress responses and immune evasion, 19% in transcription/translation, and 13% in bacterial cell wall synthesis. Dut, MmpL4_1, and RecA were only detected in MAP incubated in milk, pointing to very important roles of these proteins for MAP coping with a stressful environment. Dut is essential and plays an exclusive role for growth, MmpL4_1 for virulence through secretion of specific lipids, and RecA for SOS response of mycobacteria. Further, 35 candidates with stable expression in all conditions were detected, which could serve as targets for detection. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD027444.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina J. H. Kleinwort
- Chair of Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany; (K.J.H.K.); (B.F.H.); (R.L.D.)
| | - Bernhard F. Hobmaier
- Chair of Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany; (K.J.H.K.); (B.F.H.); (R.L.D.)
| | - Ricarda Mayer
- Chair of Hygiene and Technology of Milk, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, D-85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (R.M.); (C.H.); (E.M.)
| | - Christina Hölzel
- Chair of Hygiene and Technology of Milk, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, D-85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (R.M.); (C.H.); (E.M.)
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, CAU Kiel, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Roxane L. Degroote
- Chair of Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany; (K.J.H.K.); (B.F.H.); (R.L.D.)
| | - Erwin Märtlbauer
- Chair of Hygiene and Technology of Milk, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, D-85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (R.M.); (C.H.); (E.M.)
| | - Stefanie M. Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-80939 Munich, Germany;
| | - Cornelia A. Deeg
- Chair of Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany; (K.J.H.K.); (B.F.H.); (R.L.D.)
- Correspondence:
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19
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Corneli S, Di Paolo A, Vitale N, Torricelli M, Petrucci L, Sebastiani C, Ciullo M, Curcio L, Biagetti M, Papa P, Costarelli S, Cagiola M, Dondo A, Mazzone P. Early Detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Infected Cattle: Use of Experimental Johnins and Innovative Interferon-Gamma Test Interpretative Criteria. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:638890. [PMID: 34055946 PMCID: PMC8160102 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.638890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Paratuberculosis (PTB), also known as Johne's disease, is a chronic proliferative enteritis of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp.paratuberculosis (MAP). To date, PTB diagnosis, based on serology, fecal culture, and real-time polymerase chain reaction, has identified animals in advanced stages of infection. To detect MAP infection in animals earlier, the interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) test may be applied. This assay detects cytokines produced by T-lymphocytes of infected subjects after stimulation with purified protein derivatives (PPDs), extracted from Mycobacterium bovis (MB) and from M. avium (MA). The study involved three bovine herds: one PTB-infected herd, one PTB-free herd, and one with an outbreak of bovine tuberculosis. The IFN-γ test was performed on 235 animals, using bovine PPD (PPDB), avian PPD (PPDA), and three experimental PPD Johnins (PPDJs) extracted from a synthetic liquid medium culture of MAP (PPDJ A, B, and C), to assess early MAP detection and avoid false reactions to MB. Furthermore, IFN-γ results were evaluated using 12 interpretative criteria (ICs), based on the differences and ratio between PPD optical density (OD) and IFN-γ basal OD values after lymphocytic stimulation. IC accuracy was expressed as area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Through a longitudinal study, PPDJs proved to be specific and sensitive in the detection of MAP-infected animals. Among the evaluated ICs, six showed the best performance in terms of accuracy (p < 0.0001), highlighting PTB subclinical infections. In particular, the two best criteria reached sensitivity values of 100% [confidence interval (CI) 95%, 94.1–100%] with a specificity of 91.8% (CI 95%, 81.9–97.3%) and sensitivity levels of 80.6% (CI 95%, 69.1–89.2%) with a specificity of 100% (CI 95%, 94.1–100%). Thus, the IFN-γ assay proved to be a useful diagnostic tool to identify early subclinical MAP-infected animals, in order to manage infected cattle or those exposed to MAP and to monitor younger calves within a herd. Furthermore, the IFN-γ test can be considered an additional test to avoid the introduction of MAP-infected animals, especially in herds where disease has already been eradicated and preservation of the health status is required to maintain the PTB certification level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Corneli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonella Di Paolo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", Perugia, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Vitale
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Martina Torricelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", Perugia, Italy
| | - Linda Petrucci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", Perugia, Italy
| | - Carla Sebastiani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", Perugia, Italy
| | - Marcella Ciullo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", Perugia, Italy
| | - Ludovica Curcio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", Perugia, Italy
| | - Massimo Biagetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", Perugia, Italy
| | - Paola Papa
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", Perugia, Italy
| | - Silva Costarelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", Perugia, Italy
| | - Monica Cagiola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dondo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Piera Mazzone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", Perugia, Italy
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Host Diversity and Origin of Zoonoses: The Ancient and the New. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091672. [PMID: 32957467 PMCID: PMC7552289 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary There is a wide variety of diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, and parasites that are transmitted to humans by different routes from other animals. These diseases, known as zoonoses, represent 75% of new or reemerging infectious diseases. There is a considerable impact of these diseases on the economy and health at local and global levels, including zoonotic diseases caused by the ingestion of food and products derived from animals. The wide range of animal species that host these disease-causing organisms include all groups of mammals. Birds are the second significant animal group to act as hosts for zoonoses. Much progress has been made in understanding disease evolution and animal origin, with important contributions from fields such as paleopathology and analysis of DNA, applied to ancient human bone remains. The study of ancient diseases such as brucellosis and tuberculosis benefits from these approaches. More research is needed as new diseases emerge causing pandemics and some previously eradicated reemerge in some regions. Global efforts are focused, based on evidence generated by research, on the prevention of new pandemics. Abstract Bacterial, viral, and parasitic zoonotic diseases are transmitted to humans from a wide variety of animal species that act as reservoir hosts for the causative organisms. Zoonoses contribute an estimated 75% of new or reemerging infectious diseases in humans. All groups of mammals have been shown to act as hosts for transmission of different organisms that cause zoonoses, followed in importance by birds; with both wild and domestic species identified as hosts in specific cases. There has been considerable research progress leading to a better understanding of the host range, animal origin, evolution, and transmission of important zoonoses, including those caused by the ingestion of food and products derived from animals. Paleopathology studies of ancient human bone lesions, in combination with ancient DNA analysis of the causative pathogen, have contributed to our understanding of the origin of zoonotic diseases, including brucellosis and mycobacterial zoonoses. However, there are still knowledge gaps and new confirmed and potential hosts are reported locally with some frequency. Both the economic cost and burden of disease of zoonoses are substantial at local and global levels, as reflected by recent coronavirus pandemics that spread rapidly around the world. Evidence-based prevention strategies are currently a global priority increasingly recognized, especially in zoonoses-affected regions.
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Karbalaei M, Ghazvini K, Keikha M. Clinical efficacy of vitamin D supplementation on pulmonary TB patients: The evidence of clinical trials. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 2020; 20:100174. [PMID: 32743080 PMCID: PMC7385030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jctube.2020.100174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Karbalaei
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Kiarash Ghazvini
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masoud Keikha
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Keikha M, Soleimanpour S, Eslami M, Yousefi B, Karbalaei M. The mystery of tuberculosis pathogenesis from the perspective of T regulatory cells. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2019.100632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Bo M, Erre GL, Bach H, Slavin YN, Manchia PA, Passiu G, Sechi LA. PtpA and PknG Proteins Secreted by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis are Recognized by Sera from Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case-Control Study. J Inflamm Res 2019; 12:301-308. [PMID: 31819587 PMCID: PMC6899068 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s220960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can result from complex interactions between the affected person’s genetic background and environment. Viral and bacterial infections may play a pathogenetic role in RA through different mechanisms of action. We aimed to evaluate the presence of antibodies (Abs) directed against two proteins of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in sera of RA subjects, which are crucial for the survival of the pathogen within macrophages. Moreover, we analyzed the correlation of immune response to both proteins with the following homologous peptides: BOLF1305–320, MAP_402718–32 and IRF5424–434 to understand how the synergic role of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and MAP infection in genetically predisposed subjects may lead to a possible deregulation of interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5). Materials and methods The presence of Abs against protein tyrosine phosphatase A (PtpA) and protein kinase G (PknG) in sera from Sardinian RA patients (n=84) and healthy volunteers (HCs, n=79) was tested by indirect ELISA. Results RA sera showed a remarkably high frequency of reactivity against PtpA in comparison to HCs (48.8% vs 7.6%; p<0.001) and lower but statistically significant responses towards PknG (27.4% vs 10.1%; p=0.0054). We found a significant linear correlation between the number of swollen joints and the concentrations of antibodies against PtpA (p=0.018). Furthermore, a significant bivariate correlation between PtpA and MAP MAP_402718–32 peptide has been found, suggesting that MAP infection may induce a secondary immune response through cross-reaction with IRF5 (R2=0.5). Conclusion PtpA and PknG are strongly recognized in RA which supports the hypothesis that MAP infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Microbiology and Virology, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Erre
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Sassari, UOC di Reumatologia, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Horacio Bach
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Yael N Slavin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | | | - Giuseppe Passiu
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Sassari, UOC di Reumatologia, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Leonardo A Sechi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Microbiology and Virology, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
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Kleinwort KJ, Hauck SM, Degroote RL, Scholz AM, Hölzel C, Maertlbauer EP, Deeg C. Peripheral blood bovine lymphocytes and MAP show distinctly different proteome changes and immune pathways in host-pathogen interaction. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8130. [PMID: 31788366 PMCID: PMC6882418 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is a pathogen causing paratuberculosis in cattle and small ruminants. During the long asymptomatic subclinical stage, high numbers of MAP are excreted and can be transmitted to food for human consumption, where they survive many of the standard techniques of food decontamination. Whether MAP is a human pathogen is currently under debate. The aim of this study was a better understanding of the host-pathogen response by analyzing the interaction of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from cattle with MAP in their exoproteomes/secretomes to gain more information about the pathogenic mechanisms of MAP. Because in other mycobacterial infections, the immune phenotype correlates with susceptibility, we additionally tested the interaction of MAP with recently detected cattle with a different immune capacity referred as immune deviant (ID) cows. In PBL, different biological pathways were enhanced in response to MAP dependent on the immune phenotype of the host. PBL of control cows activated members of cell activation and chemotaxis of leukocytes pathway as well as IL-12 mediated signaling. In contrast, in ID cows CNOT1 was detected as highly abundant protein, pointing to a different immune response, which could be favorable for MAP. Additionally, MAP exoproteomes differed in either GroEL1 or DnaK abundance, depending on the interacting host immune response. These finding point to an interdependent, tightly regulated response of the bovine immune system to MAP and vise versa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefanie M. Hauck
- Research Unit for Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - Roxane L. Degroote
- Chair of Animal Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Armin M. Scholz
- Livestock Center of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Christina Hölzel
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, CAU Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Chair of Hygiene and Technology of Milk, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Erwin P. Maertlbauer
- Chair of Hygiene and Technology of Milk, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Cornelia Deeg
- Chair of Animal Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Raze D, Segers J, Mille C, Slupek S, Lecher S, Coutte L, Antoine R, Ducrocq L, Rouanet C, Appelmelk BJ, Locht C. Coordinate regulation of virulence and metabolic genes by the transcription factor HbhR in Mycobacterium marinum. Mol Microbiol 2019; 113:52-67. [PMID: 31587365 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The heparin-binding hemagglutinin (HBHA) is a multifunctional protein involved in adherence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to non-phagocytic cells and in the formation of intracytosolic lipid inclusions. We demonstrate that the expression of hbhA is regulated by a transcriptional repressor, named HbhR, in Mycobacterium marinum. The hbhR gene, located upstream of hbhA, was identified by screening a transposon insertion library and detailed analysis of a mutant overproducing HBHA. HbhR was found to repress both hbhA and hbhR transcription by binding to the promoter regions of both genes. Complementation restored production of HBHA. RNA-seq analyses comparing the mutant and parental strains uncovered 27 genes, including hbhA, that were repressed and 20 genes activated by HbhR. Among the former, the entire locus of genes coding for a type-VII secretion system, including esxA, esxB and pe-ppe paralogs, as well as the gene coding for PspA, present in intracellular lipid vesicles, was identified, as was katG, a gene involved in the sensitivity to isoniazid. The latter category contains genes that play a role in diverse functions, such as metabolism and resistance to oxidative conditions. Thus, HbhR appears to be a master regulator, linking the transcriptional regulation of virulence, metabolic and antibiotic sensitivity genes in M. marinum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Raze
- CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Jérôme Segers
- CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Céline Mille
- CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Stéphanie Slupek
- CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Sophie Lecher
- CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Loïc Coutte
- CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Rudy Antoine
- CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Lucie Ducrocq
- CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Carine Rouanet
- CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Ben J Appelmelk
- Molecular Microbiology/Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Camille Locht
- CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204, Lille, F-59000, France
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Palacios A, Sampedro L, Sevilla IA, Molina E, Gil D, Azkargorta M, Elortza F, Garrido JM, Anguita J, Prados-Rosales R. Mycobacterium tuberculosis extracellular vesicle-associated lipoprotein LpqH as a potential biomarker to distinguish paratuberculosis infection or vaccination from tuberculosis infection. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:188. [PMID: 31174546 PMCID: PMC6555097 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1941-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both bovine tuberculosis (TB) and paratuberculosis (PTB) are serious and widespread bacterial infections affecting many domestic and wild animal species. However, current vaccines do not confer complete protection and cause interference with other diagnostics tests, including bovine TB. Therefore, the development of "Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals" (DIVA) tests are a pressing need. In this study, we have tested the feasibility of mycobacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) as potential source of biomarkers to discriminate between Mycobacterium bovis infected, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infected and MAP-vaccinated cows. We have, initially, characterized vesicle production in the two most medically relevant species of mycobacteria for livestock, MAP and M. bovis, for being responsible for tuberculosis (TB) and paratuberculosis (PTB). RESULTS Our results indicate that these two species produce EVs with different kinetics, morphology and size distribution. Analysis of the immunogenicity of both type of EVs showed some cross reactivity with sera from PTB+ and TB+ cows, suggesting a limited diagnostic capacity for both EVs. Conversely, we noticed that Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) EVs showed some differential reactivity between sera from MAP-vaccinated or PTB+ cows from TB+ ones. Mass spectrometry analysis (MS) identified a 19-kDa EV-associated lipoprotein as the main source of the differential reactivity. CONCLUSIONS LpqH could be a good plasma biomarker with capacity to distinguish PTB+ or MAP-vaccinated cows from cows infected with TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Palacios
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia Spain
| | - Leticia Sampedro
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia Spain
| | - Iker A. Sevilla
- NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Animal Health Department, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Derio, Bizkaia Spain
| | - Elena Molina
- NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Animal Health Department, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Derio, Bizkaia Spain
| | - David Gil
- Electron microscopy platform, CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Bizkaia Spain
| | - Mikel Azkargorta
- Proteomics platform, CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Bizkaia Spain
| | - Felix Elortza
- Proteomics platform, CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Bizkaia Spain
| | - Joseba M. Garrido
- NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Animal Health Department, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Derio, Bizkaia Spain
| | - Juan Anguita
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Bizkaia Spain
| | - Rafael Prados-Rosales
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia Spain
- Department Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY, Bronx, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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