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Conrad JV, Meyer S, Ramesh PS, Neira JA, Rusteika M, Mamott D, Duffin B, Bautista M, Zhang J, Hiles E, Higgins EM, Steill J, Freeman J, Ni Z, Liu S, Ungrin M, Rancourt D, Clegg DO, Stewart R, Thomson JA, Chu LF. Efficient derivation of transgene-free porcine induced pluripotent stem cells enables in vitro modeling of species-specific developmental timing. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:2328-2343. [PMID: 37949072 PMCID: PMC10724057 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sus scrofa domesticus (pig) has served as a superb large mammalian model for biomedical studies because of its comparable physiology and organ size to humans. The derivation of transgene-free porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (PiPSCs) will, therefore, benefit the development of porcine-specific models for regenerative biology and its medical applications. In the past, this effort has been hampered by a lack of understanding of the signaling milieu that stabilizes the porcine pluripotent state in vitro. Here, we report that transgene-free PiPSCs can be efficiently derived from porcine fibroblasts by episomal vectors along with microRNA-302/367 using optimized protocols tailored for this species. PiPSCs can be differentiated into derivatives representing the primary germ layers in vitro and can form teratomas in immunocompromised mice. Furthermore, the transgene-free PiPSCs preserve intrinsic species-specific developmental timing in culture, known as developmental allochrony. This is demonstrated by establishing a porcine in vitro segmentation clock model that, for the first time, displays a specific periodicity at ∼3.7 h, a timescale recapitulating in vivo porcine somitogenesis. We conclude that the transgene-free PiPSCs can serve as a powerful tool for modeling development and disease and developing transplantation strategies. We also anticipate that they will provide insights into conserved and unique features on the regulations of mammalian pluripotency and developmental timing mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vanessa Conrad
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Susanne Meyer
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Pranav S Ramesh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jaime A Neira
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Margaret Rusteika
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Daniel Mamott
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Bret Duffin
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Monica Bautista
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jue Zhang
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Emily Hiles
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Eve M Higgins
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - John Steill
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Jack Freeman
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Zijian Ni
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Shiying Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Mark Ungrin
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Derrick Rancourt
- Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Dennis O Clegg
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular, & Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Ron Stewart
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - James A Thomson
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular, & Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Li-Fang Chu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Reproductive Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
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2
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Gao F, Wu S, Li Y, Fang Y, Liu M, Du J, Kong Q, An T. Inhibition of TGF-β pathway improved the pluripotency of porcine pluripotent stem cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2023; 59:142-152. [PMID: 36867291 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-023-00752-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Porcine pluripotent stem cells had been derived from different culture systems. PeNK6 is a porcine pluripotent stem cell line that we established from an E5.5 embryo in a defined culture system. Signaling pathways related with pluripotency had been assessed in this cell line, and TGF-β signaling pathway-related genes were found upregulated significantly. In this study, we elucidated the role of the TGF-β signaling pathway in PeNK6 through adding small molecule inhibitors, SB431542 (KOSB) or A83-01 (KOA), into the original culture medium (KO) and analyzing the expression and activity of key factors involved in the TGF-β signaling pathway. In KOSB/KOA medium, the morphology of PeNK6 became compact and the nuclear-to-cytoplasm ratio was increased. The expression of the core transcription factor SOX2 was significantly upregulated compared with cell lines in the control KO medium, and the differentiation potential became balanced among three germ layers rather than bias to neuroectoderm/endoderm as the original PeNK6 did. The results indicated that inhibition of TGF-β has positive effects on the porcine pluripotency. Based on these results, we established a pluripotent cell line (PeWKSB) from E5.5 blastocyst by employing TGF-β inhibitors, and the cell line showed improved pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Gao
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Embryo Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Laboratory of Embryo Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Laboratory of Embryo Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Laboratory of Embryo Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Minli Liu
- Laboratory of Embryo Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Du
- Laboratory of Embryo Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingran Kong
- Laboratory of Embryo Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.,Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiezhu An
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China.
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3
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OUP accepted manuscript. Stem Cells 2022; 40:751-762. [DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Guan X, Zhou J, Du G, Chen J. Bioprocessing technology of muscle stem cells: implications for cultured meat. Trends Biotechnol 2021; 40:721-734. [PMID: 34887105 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) are essential for the growth, maintenance, and repair of skeletal muscle. In the emerging area of cultured meat, meat products are manufactured with MuSCs using theory and technology from the fields of cell culture, tissue engineering, and food processing. Recently, considerable progress has been made in bioprocessing technologies for MuSCs, including isolation, expansion, differentiation, and tissue building. Here we summarize cutting-edge operational strategies and recently characterized regulatory mechanisms for MuSCs. Furthermore, we discuss their applicability to refining the production process for cultured meat and accelerating its industrialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Guan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Guocheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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Li Y, Wu S, Yu Y, Zhang H, Wei R, Lv J, Cai M, Yang X, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Derivation of porcine extraembryonic endoderm-like cells from blastocysts. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12782. [PMID: 32196806 PMCID: PMC7162807 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Extraembryonic endoderm (XEN) cells are isolated from primitive endoderm (PrE) of blastocysts. Just like PrE, XEN cells have the ability to differentiate into parietal endoderm (PE) and visceral endoderm (VE), and therefore, they are useful tools for studying mechanisms of PrE cells development and differentiation. Pig is an ideal model for studying human cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and a potential organ source for allotransplantation, while no XEN cell has been obtained from porcine embryos. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using a serum-free culture system, we directly derived porcine extraembryonic endoderm-like cells (pXEN-like cells) from day 6-7 blastocysts, which could maintain self-renewal for at least 30 passages. RESULTS The pXEN-like cells resembled mouse XEN cells with large and flat clone morphology and expressed XEN marker genes but not pluripotent genes. Upon in vitro induction, the cells could differentiate into VE and PE. FGF/MEK signalling was not only essential for the maintenance of pXEN-like cells, but also the induction of pXEN-like cells from porcine embryonic stem (pES) cells. CONCLUSIONS We directly obtained cell lines with XEN characteristics from porcine embryos for the first time. The cells will be helpful tools for studying embryonic development and cell differentiation, which also represent promising cell sources for human regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life ScienceNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Shuang Wu
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life ScienceNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Yang Yu
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life ScienceNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Heng Zhang
- School of Life SciencesWestlake UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Renyue Wei
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life ScienceNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Jiawei Lv
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life ScienceNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Mingming Cai
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life ScienceNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Xu Yang
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life ScienceNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life ScienceNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life ScienceNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
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A cytokine screen using CRISPR-Cas9 knock-in reporter pig iPS cells reveals that Activin A regulates NANOG. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:67. [PMID: 32070424 PMCID: PMC7029561 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-1588-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND NANOG functions as the gateway for the generation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in mice and humans. NANOG is a transcription factor highly expressed in pig pre-implantation embryos, indicating that it is a conserved pluripotency-associated factor. However, pig NANOG reporter PSCs have yet to be established, and the regulation of pluripotency by NANOG is not fully understood in this animal. METHODS In this study, pig NANOG tdTomato knock-in reporter positive PC-iPS cells were established using CRISPR/Cas9. The resulting cell line was treated with several cytokines and their corresponding inhibitors to identify pathways that regulate NANOG expression. The pathways examined were LIF (leukemia inhibitory factor)/IL6 (interleukin 6)-STAT3, FGF (fibroblast growth factor)/ERK, IGF1 (insulin-like growth factor 1)/PIP3 (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)-AKT, Activin A/SMAD, and BMP4 (bone morphogenetic proteins)/SMAD. RESULTS Our experiments showed that the Activin A/SMAD pathway is directly associated with activation of NANOG expression in the pig, as is also the case in mice and humans. Activin A directly regulates the expression of pig NANOG via SMAD2/3; inhibition of this pathway by SB431542 resulted in inhibition of NANOG expression. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that Activin A plays an important regulatory role in NANOG-mediated pluripotency in pig iPS cells. Activin A treatment may be therefore an effective method for de novo derivation of authentic embryonic stem cells (ESCs) from pig pre-implantation embryos.
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7
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Li Y, Wu S, Li X, Guo S, Cai Z, Yin Z, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Wnt signaling associated small molecules improve the viability of pPSCs in a PI3K/Akt pathway dependent way. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:5811-5822. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin China
| | - Xuechun Li
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin China
| | - Shimeng Guo
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin China
| | - Zhuang Cai
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin China
| | - Zhi Yin
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin China
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Fang Y, Guo J, Wu S, Li X, Zhao J, Li Y, Guo S, Mu Y, Kong Q, Liu Z. Cellular reprogramming by single-cell fusion with mouse embryonic stem cells in pig. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:3558-3568. [PMID: 31595493 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Fusion of differentiated somatic cells with pluripotent stem cells can be used for cellular reprogramming, but the efficiency to obtain hybrid cells is extremely low. Here, we explored a novel cell fusion system, termed single-cell fusion, the efficiency was significantly improved verified by fusion of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), comparing to traditional polyethylene glycol fusion. Then, we employed the optimized system to perform cell fusion of porcine embryonic fibroblasts (PEFs) and porcine pluripotent stem cells (pPSCs) with mESCs. The hybrid cells showed both red and green fluorescence and expressed species-specific genes of mouse and pig to evidence that the fusion was successful. The hybrid cells displayed characteristics similar with mESCs, including colony morphology, alkaline phosphatase positive and formation of embryoid body, and the expressions of core pluripotent factors OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2 of the pig were induced in the mESC/PEF hybrid cells. The results indicate PEFs and pPSCs could be reprogrammed by mESCs via the single-cell fusion. Taking advantage of the hybrid cells to investigate the signaling pathways depended on the pluripotency of pig, we suggest the transforming growth factor-β signaling pathways may play important roles. In summary, the single-cell fusion is highly efficient, and we believe in the future it will be widely used in the application and fundamental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xuechun Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jianchao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shimeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yanshuang Mu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qingran Kong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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