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Chen W, Li J, Li J, Zhang J, Zhang J. Roles of Non-Coding RNAs in Virus-Host Interaction About Pathogenesis of Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:247. [PMID: 35834056 PMCID: PMC9281230 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02928-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) represent the largest and main transcriptome products and play various roles in the biological activity of cells and pathological processes. Accumulating evidence shows that microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA) are important ncRNAs that play vital regulatory roles during viral infection. Hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) virus causes hand-foot-mouth disease, and is also associated with various serious complications and high mortality. However, there is currently no effective treatment. In this review, we focus on advances in the understanding of the modulatory role of ncRNAs during HFMD virus infection. Specifically, we discuss the generation, classification, and regulatory mechanisms of miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA in the interaction between virus and host, with a particular focus on their influence with viral replication and infection. Analysis of these underlying mechanisms can help provide a foundation for the development of ncRNA-based antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong District, No. 727, Southern Jingming Road, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650500, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinwei Li
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong District, No. 727, Southern Jingming Road, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong District, No. 727, Southern Jingming Road, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong District, No. 727, Southern Jingming Road, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Jihong Zhang
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong District, No. 727, Southern Jingming Road, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650500, People's Republic of China.
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Yang F, Zhang N, Chen Y, Yin J, Xu M, Cheng X, Ma R, Meng J, Du Y. Role of Non-Coding RNA in Neurological Complications Associated With Enterovirus 71. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:873304. [PMID: 35548469 PMCID: PMC9081983 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.873304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is the main pathogenic virus that causes hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). Studies have reported that EV71-induced infections including aseptic meningitis, acute flaccid paralysis, and even neurogenic pulmonary edema, can progress to severe neurological complications in infants, young children, and the immunosuppressed population. However, the mechanisms through which EV71 causes neurological diseases have not been fully explored. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), are RNAs that do not code for proteins, play a key role in biological processes and disease development associated with EV71. In this review, we summarized recent advances concerning the impacts of ncRNAs on neurological diseases caused by interaction between EV71 and host, revealing the potential role of ncRNAs in pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of EV71-induced neurological complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixiang Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiancai Yin
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Muchen Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ruyi Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jialin Meng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Yinan Du, ; Jialin Meng,
| | - Yinan Du
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Yinan Du, ; Jialin Meng,
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Yang Z, Zhuo Q, Qin W, Wang J, Wang L, Tien P. MicroRNAs miR-18a and miR-452 regulate the replication of enterovirus 71 by targeting the gene encoding VP3. Virus Genes 2021; 57:318-326. [PMID: 34002325 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-021-01842-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial in the process of host-pathogen interaction. In this study, we established a screening system for miRNAs of target genes to detect the effect of miRNAs on Enterovirus 71 (EV71) replication in rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells. A 3'-untranslated region (UTR) dual-luciferase assay was performed to confirm putative miRNA targets in EV71 genome. Firstly, 13 fragments of EV71 genome were inserted into the vector pMIR, and luciferase activities were analyzed to identify the putative miRNAs of target genes. The expression of the reporter protein was significantly downregulated in cells transfected with the vector containing gene VP3. Then we screened for miRNAs that might target to VP3 through online analysis software. In addition, Western blot, real-time PCR, virus titration, and morphological changes were considered to examine the effects of miRNAs on virus replication. The results suggested that miR-18a and miR-452 repress the reproduction of EV71 virus by binding to VP3. Moreover, EV71 infection also affected the expression of endogenous miR-18a and miR-452. In addition, no significant cytotoxic effects were observed. The results from this study suggest that the intracellular miRNAs may play vital roles in the host-virus interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Yang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Qin Zhuo
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Wen Qin
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jingbo Wang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Liyuan Wang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Po Tien
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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Zhu P, Chen S, Zhang W, Duan G, Jin Y. Essential Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Enterovirus Infection: From Basic Mechanisms to Clinical Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062904. [PMID: 33809362 PMCID: PMC7999384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteroviruses (EVs) are common RNA viruses that can cause various types of human diseases and conditions such as hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), myocarditis, meningitis, sepsis, and respiratory disorders. Although EV infections in most patients are generally mild and self-limiting, a small number of young children can develop serious complications such as encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis, myocarditis, and cardiorespiratory failure, resulting in fatalities. Established evidence has suggested that certain non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in the occurrence and progression of many human diseases. Recently, the involvement of ncRNAs in the course of EV infection has been reported. Herein, the authors focus on recent advances in the understanding of ncRNAs in EV infection from basic viral pathogenesis to clinical prospects, providing a reference basis and new ideas for disease prevention and research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (P.Z.); (S.C.); (W.Z.); (G.D.)
| | - Shuaiyin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (P.Z.); (S.C.); (W.Z.); (G.D.)
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (P.Z.); (S.C.); (W.Z.); (G.D.)
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Guangcai Duan
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (P.Z.); (S.C.); (W.Z.); (G.D.)
| | - Yuefei Jin
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (P.Z.); (S.C.); (W.Z.); (G.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0371-67781453
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Liang FQ, Gao JY, Liu JW. C-X-C motif chemokine 16, modulated by microRNA-545, aggravates myocardial damage and affects the inflammatory responses in myocardial infarction. Hum Genomics 2021; 15:15. [PMID: 33637127 PMCID: PMC7908694 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-021-00314-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction (MI), a common type of coronary heart disease, is the major cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. Chemokine-mediated inflammatory cell infiltration and local inflammatory damage response are recent research hotspots. Hence, we attempted to examine the role of C-X-C motif chemokine 16 (CXCL16) as a potential candidate in MI. METHODS Human cardiomyocytes were treated with hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) to establish an in vitro cell model. GEO database provided the clinical data of MI patients and GSEA verified the relationship of chemokine and MI. CCK-8 and flow cytometry analyses were used to measure cell viability and apoptosis. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay were conducted to determine the correlation between CXCL16 and miR-545. qRT-PCR and western blot assays were performed to investigate the expression level of the indicated genes. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-10 were explored using ELISA assay. RESULTS CXCL16 was increased in MI. CXCL16 knockdown can reverse the inhibitory effect of H/R treatment on cell viability, while overexpression of CXCL16 showed the opposite trend. MiR-545 directly targeted CXCL16 and negatively regulated CXCL16 levels. MiR-545 promoted cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis in the MI cell model, which attenuated the CXCL16-induced injury on cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrated that CXCL16 aggravated MI damage through being directly targeted by miR-545 and mediating inflammatory responses, thereby providing potential therapeutic targets for MI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Qian Liang
- Department of General practice, North China University of science and technology affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Yuan Gao
- Department of General practice, North China University of science and technology affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Wei Liu
- Jingzhou Central Hospital, Heart function examination room, No.60 Jingzhong Road, Jingzhou District (Jingzhou ancient town flower terrace), Jingzhou, 434020, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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MiR-4334-5p Facilitates Foot and Mouth Disease Virus Propagation by Suppressing Interferon Pathways via Direct Targeting ID1. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11101136. [PMID: 32992599 PMCID: PMC7601639 DOI: 10.3390/genes11101136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that the host microRNAs (miRNAs) are important intracellular regulators and play pivotal roles in intricate host-pathogen interaction networks. In our previous studies, ssc-microRNA-4334-5p (miR-4334-5p) was identified as a differentially expressed miRNA in microarray-based miRNAs profiling experiment, but whether miR-4334-5p regulates foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) propagation is less understood. Here, we demonstrated that miR-4334-5p expression level was up-regulated shortly after FMDV infection, transfection of miR-4334-5p mimics promoted, while inhibitor transfection suppressed FMDV replication correspondingly. Further bioinformatic analysis and experimental study suggested ID1 was the direct target of miR-4334-5p, suppressing FMDV replication by regulating interferon (IFN) pathways. These findings shed light on microRNAs-ID1-interferon axis in regulating FMDV replication.
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Yang D, Wang X, Gao H, Chen B, Si C, Wang S. Downregulation of miR-155-5p facilitates enterovirus 71 replication through suppression of type I IFN response by targeting FOXO3/IRF7 pathway. Cell Cycle 2019; 19:179-192. [PMID: 31856677 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1704512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71), the major cause of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD), has evolved diverse strategies to counter the type I interferon (IFN-I) response during infection. Recently, microRNAs have regulatory roles in host innate immune responses to viral infections; however, whether EV71 escapes the IFN-I antiviral response through regulation of miRNAs remains unclear. Using a microarray assay, microRNA-155-5p (miR-155-5p) was found to be significantly up-regulated in serum from patients with EV71 infection and the increased expression of miR-155-5p was further confirmed in vivo and in vitro in response to EV71 infection. miR-155-5p overexpression suppressed EV71 titers and VP1 protein level, while miR-155-5p inhibition had an opposite result. Moreover, we found that miR-155-5p overexpression enhanced EV71 triggered IFN I production and the expressions of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), while inhibition of miR-155-5p suppressed these processes. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR-155-5p directly targeted forkhead box protein O3 (FOXO3) and negatively regulated FOXO3/IRF7 axis, an important regulatory pathway for type I IFN production during EV71 infection. Inhibition of FOXO3 reversed the effects of miR-155-5p inhibitor on EV71 replication and the type I IFN production. Importantly, in EV71 infection mice, agomir-155-5p injection resulted in a significant reduction of viral VP1 protein expressions in brain and lung tissues, increased IFN-α/β production and increased mice survival rate. In contrast, antagomir-155-5p enhanced EV71 induced these effects. Collectively, our study indicates that weaken miR-155-5p facilitates EV71 replication through suppression of type I IFN response by FOXO3/IRF7 pathway, thereby suggesting a novel strategy for developing effective antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daokun Yang
- Department of Infectious Disease III, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease III, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Haili Gao
- Department of Infectious Disease III, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Baoxin Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease III, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Changyun Si
- Department of Infectious Disease III, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease III, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
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