1
|
Guo J, Buettner R, Du L, Li Z, Liu W, Su R, Chen Z, Che Y, Zhang Y, Ma R, Nguyen LXT, Moore RE, Khyatiben P, Chen MH, Patrick P, Wu X, Marcucci G, Wang L, Horne D, Chen J, Yang Y, Rosen ST. 8-Cl-Ado and 8-NH 2-Ado synergize with venetoclax to target the methionine-MAT2A-SAM axis in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2024; 38:1236-1245. [PMID: 38643304 PMCID: PMC11147765 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-024-02222-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Targeting the metabolic dependencies of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells is a promising therapeutical strategy. In particular, the cysteine and methionine metabolism pathway (C/M) is significantly altered in AML cells compared to healthy blood cells. Moreover, methionine has been identified as one of the dominant amino acid dependencies of AML cells. Through RNA-seq, we found that the two nucleoside analogs 8-chloro-adenosine (8CA) and 8-amino-adenosine (8AA) significantly suppress the C/M pathway in AML cells, and methionine-adenosyltransferase-2A (MAT2A) is one of most significantly downregulated genes. Additionally, mass spectrometry analysis revealed that Venetoclax (VEN), a BCL-2 inhibitor recently approved by the FDA for AML treatment, significantly decreases the intracellular level of methionine in AML cells. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that combining 8CA or 8AA with VEN can efficiently target the Methionine-MAT2A-S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM) axis in AML. Our results demonstrate that VEN and 8CA/8AA synergistically decrease the SAM biosynthesis and effectively target AML cells both in vivo and in vitro. These findings suggest the promising potential of combining 8CA/8AA and VEN for AML treatment by inhibiting Methionine-MAT2A-SAM axis and provide a strong rationale for our recently activated clinical trial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Guo
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
| | - Ralf Buettner
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Li Du
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Zhenlong Li
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Rui Su
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Zhenhua Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yuan Che
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Rui Ma
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Le Xuan Truong Nguyen
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science and Division of Leukemia, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Roger E Moore
- Integrated Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Pathak Khyatiben
- Integrated Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
- Cancer & Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Min-Hsuan Chen
- Integrative Genomics Core, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Pirrotte Patrick
- Integrated Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
- Cancer & Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Xiwei Wu
- Integrative Genomics Core, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Guido Marcucci
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science and Division of Leukemia, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - David Horne
- Department of Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yanzhong Yang
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Steven T Rosen
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pullarkat V, Chen LS, Palmer J, Zhang J, Synold TW, Buettner R, Truong Nguyen LX, Marcucci G, Tsai NC, Wang Y, O'Hearn J, Gandhi V, Rosen ST. A phase 1 trial of 8-chloro-adenosine in relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia: An evaluation of safety and pharmacokinetics. Cancer 2024; 130:727-739. [PMID: 37897709 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.35077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of 8-chloro-adenosine (8-Cl-Ado) in patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML). METHODS 8-Cl-Ado was administered daily for 5 days; the starting dose was 100 mg/m2 , the highest dose tested was 800 mg/m2 . The end points were toxicity, disease response, and PK/PD measurements. RESULTS The predominant nonhematologic toxicity was cardiac with grade ≥3 toxicity. Plasma PK in all patients suggested heterogeneity among patients, yet, some dose-dependency for the accumulation of 8-Cl-Ado. Two 8-Cl-Ado metabolites accumulated at similar levels to 8-Cl-Ado. Cellular PK in eight patients indicated accumulation of 8-Cl-ATP, which was associated with AML blast cytoreduction in peripheral blood. The authors determined the RP2D of 8-Cl-Ado to be 400 mg/m2 . CONCLUSIONS Given the cardiac adverse events observed, patients require monitoring for arrhythmias and QT interval during infusion. Although peripheral blood cytoreduction was observed, responses were transient, suggesting combination strategies will be required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Pullarkat
- Department of Hematology/Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Lisa S Chen
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Joycelynne Palmer
- Department of Hematology/Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
- Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Division of Biostatistics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
- Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Timothy W Synold
- Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Ralf Buettner
- Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Le Xuan Truong Nguyen
- Department of Hematology/Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Guido Marcucci
- Department of Hematology/Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Ni-Chun Tsai
- Division of Biostatistics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Division of Biostatistics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - James O'Hearn
- Department of Clinical and Translational Project Development, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Varsha Gandhi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Steven T Rosen
- Department of Hematology/Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
- Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen Y, Guo Y, Li S, Xu J, Ning W, Zhao C, Wang J, Qu Y, Zhang M, Zhou W, Cui Q, Zhang H. Remdesivir inhibits the progression of glioblastoma by enhancing endoplasmic reticulum stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:114037. [PMID: 36427388 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive primary malignant brain tumors. The major challenge is the lack of effective therapeutic drugs due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and tumor heterogeneity. Remdesivir (RDV), a new member of the nucleotide analog family, has previously been shown to have excellent antiviral effects and BBB penetration, and was predicted here to have anti-GBM effects. In vitro experiments, RDV significantly inhibited the growth of GBM cells, with IC50 values markedly lower than those of normal cell lines or the same cell lines treated with temozolomide. Moreover, in multiple mouse models, RDV not only distinctly inhibited the progression and improved the prognosis of GBM but also exhibited a promising biosafety profile, as manifested by the lack of significant body weight loss, liver or kidney dysfunction or organ structural damage after administration. Furthermore, we investigated the anti-GBM mechanism by RNA-seq and identified that RDV might induce apoptosis of GBM cells by enhancing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activating the PERK-mediated unfolded protein response. In conclusion, our results indicated that RDV might serve as a novel agent for GBM treatment by increasing ER stress and inducing apoptosis in GBM cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yuduo Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Shenglun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jiacheng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Weihai Ning
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yanming Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Mingshan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Wanlu Zhou
- Co., Ltd of JeaMoon Technology, 6Rd Middle Zuojiazhuang, Beijing 100028, China
| | - Qinghua Cui
- Co., Ltd of JeaMoon Technology, 6Rd Middle Zuojiazhuang, Beijing 100028, China.
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ma L, Liu T, Lu Y, Dong Y, Zhao X, Man S. A natural halogenated fluoride adenosine analog 5'-fluorodeoxy adenosine induced anticolon cancer activity in vivo and in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:2493-2502. [PMID: 35866996 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine (ADO) and its analogs have been introduced into the anticancer clinical trials, especial for the ADO derivatives with fluoride. The biosynthesis of fluorinase produces a fluorine-containing ADO analog 5'-fluorodeoxy adenosine (5'-FDA). The toxicity and application of 5'-FDA has not been evaluated, which limits the application of ADO analogs. In order to study its potential mechanism, we carried out the following experiments. In our research, 5'-FDA displayed good antitumor activity in colon cancer cells and two colon cancer models. As a result, 5'-FDA concentration-dependently inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion in colon cancer cells through its proapoptosis and cell cycle arrest pathway. Furthermore, 5'-FDA inhibited the growth of colon cancer and its pulmonary metastasis in CT26 inbred mice without affecting their body weight. It was found that 5'-FDA remarkably increased the protein levels of Caspase 3 and cleaved-Caspase 9 and decreased Cyclin A2 and CDK2 via the regulation of p53 signaling pathway, and increased the protein levels of Caspase 8 and cleaved-Caspase 8 which participated in apoptosis pathway. All in all, 5'-FDA displayed excellent therapeutic effects on colon cancer and its pulmonary metastasis. We believed that our study provided a theoretical basis for further preclinical research of 5'-FDA in the treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Taohua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingying Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanan Dong
- Tianjin Jizhou District People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuli Man
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Venetoclax in combination with nucleoside analogs in acute myelogenous leukemia. Curr Opin Oncol 2022; 34:531-539. [PMID: 35855507 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000000868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Venetoclax in combination with nucleoside analogs such as hypomethylating agents (HMA) and low-dose cytarabine (LDAC) has led to unprecedented response and survival outcomes in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This has spurred the development of regimens combining venetoclax with other nucleoside analogs with distinct mechanisms of action. Here, we review older and newer nucleoside analogs, the rationale for their combination with venetoclax, and clinical evidence for the combination when available. RECENT FINDINGS Venetoclax with HMA prolonged survival in a phase 3 study. Additionally, biologic correlates of response and resistance to venetoclax with HMA have been identified. The addition of venetoclax to standard intensive regimens containing higher doses of cytarabine and purine nucleoside analogs are safe and induce very high rates of remission and measurable residual disease negativity (MRD) negativity in newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory AML. Investigational nucleoside analogs aim to improve upon the safety, bioavailability, or efficacy of approved venetoclax combinations and are currently being evaluated in clinical studies. SUMMARY The development of venetoclax with HMA has transformed care for elderly adults with AML and opened the door for novel combinations of venetoclax with other nucleoside analogs. Further clinical studies are needed to see if these novel combinations further improve outcomes in AML particularly for patients with high-risk disease.
Collapse
|
6
|
O'Rourke K. First person profile: Steven T. Rosen, MD: A model physician-scientist and an outstanding hematologist, teacher, and leader, Dr. Rosen brings his vision for biomedical research, treatment, and education to life: A model physician-scientist and an outstanding hematologist, teacher, and leader, Dr. Rosen brings his vision for biomedical research, treatment, and education to life. Cancer 2022; 128:2233-2234. [PMID: 35593258 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
7
|
Synergy of Venetoclax and 8-Chloro-Adenosine in AML: The Interplay of rRNA Inhibition and Fatty Acid Metabolism. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061446. [PMID: 35326597 PMCID: PMC8946614 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that 8-chloro-adenosine (8-Cl-Ado) is a novel RNA-directed nucleoside analog that targets leukemic stem cells (LSCs). In a phase I clinical trial with 8-Cl-Ado in patients with refractory or relapsed (R/R) AML, we observed encouraging but short-lived clinical responses, likely due to intrinsic mechanisms of LSC resistance. LSC homeostasis depends on amino acid-driven and/or fatty acid oxidation (FAO)-driven oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for survival. We recently reported that 8-Cl-Ado and the BCL-2-selective inhibitor venetoclax (VEN) synergistically inhibit FAO and OXPHOS in LSCs, thereby suppressing acute myeloid leukemia (AML) growth in vitro and in vivo. Herein, we report that 8-Cl-Ado inhibits ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis through the downregulation of transcription initiation factor TIF-IA that is associated with increasing levels of p53. Paradoxically, 8-Cl-Ado-induced p53 increased FAO and OXPHOS, thereby self-limiting the activity of 8-Cl-Ado on LSCs. Since VEN inhibits amino acid-driven OXPHOS, the addition of VEN significantly enhanced the activity of 8-Cl-Ado by counteracting the self-limiting effect of p53 on FAO and OXPHOS. Overall, our results indicate that VEN and 8-Cl-Ado can cooperate in targeting rRNA synthesis and OXPHOS and in decreasing the survival of the LSC-enriched cell population, suggesting the VEN/8-Cl-Ado regimen as a promising therapeutic approach for patients with R/R AML.
Collapse
|
8
|
Teakell S, Chen LS, Stellrecht CM, Gandhi V. The role of p53 and p21 on 8-chloro-adenosine-induced cellular response. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 41:1359-1374. [PMID: 35227162 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2022.2038200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
8-Chloro-adenosine (8-Cl-Ado) is currently in phase I clinical trial. Activation of p53 and transactivation of p21 regulate cell fate after genotoxic insult. Using HCT-116-isogenic-cell-lines, we evaluated the role of p53/p21 after 8-Cl-Ado-mediated response. Following 30 µM 8-Cl-Ado treatment, RNA synthesis was inhibited, p53 protein was stabilized, and p21 expression was activated. None of the cell types were arrested in G1/S phase, however, cells lacking p53 were blocked in G2/M. These cells had the least increase in apoptotic cells, although clonogenic survival demonstrated equal inhibition in all 4 cell types. Collectively, irrespective of p53 and p21 status, 8-Cl-Ado-induced cytotoxicity was similar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott Teakell
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lisa S Chen
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Christine M Stellrecht
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Varsha Gandhi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Leukemia, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ding HY, Yang WY, Zhang LH, Li L, Xie F, Li HY, Chen XY, Tu Z, Li Y, Chen Y, Yang SY. 8-Chloro-Adenosine Inhibits Proliferation of MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 Breast Cancer Cells by Regulating ADAR1/p53 Signaling Pathway. Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689720958656. [PMID: 32907379 PMCID: PMC7784596 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720958656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
8-Chloro-adenosine (8-Cl-Ado) has been shown to exhibit its antitumor activity by inducing apoptosis in human lung cancer A549 and H1299 cells or autophagy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) is tightly associated with cancer development and progression. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of ADAR1 in the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 breast cancer cell lines after 8-Cl-Ado exposure and its possible mechanisms. After 8-Cl-Ado exposure, CCK-8 assay was performed to determine the cell proliferation; flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle profiles and apoptosis; and the protein levels of ADAR1, p53, p21, and cyclin D1 were measured by western blotting. The results showed that the cell proliferation was greatly inhibited, G1 cell cycle was arrested, and apoptosis was induced after 8-Cl-Ado exposure. ADAR1 and cyclin D1 protein levels were dramatically decreased, while p53 and p21 levels were increased after 8-Cl-Ado exposure. Moreover, the cell growth inhibition was rescued, apoptosis was reduced, and p53 and p21 protein levels were downregulated, while cyclin D1 was upregulated when cells were transfected with plasmids expressing ADAR1 proteins. More importantly, RNA-binding domain of ADAR1 is critical to the cell growth inhibition of breast cancer cells exposed to 8-Cl-Ado. Together, 8-Cl-Ado inhibits the cell proliferation, induces G1 phase arrest and apoptosis at least by targeting ADAR1/p53/p21 signaling pathway. The findings may provide us with insights into the role of ADAR1 in breast cancer progression and help us better understand the effects of 8-Cl-Ado in the treatment of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yue Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wan-Yong Yang
- Dongguan Waterfront Zone Central Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Hong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua-Yi Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zeng Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Radiology and Intervention, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Sheng-Yong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Buettner R, Nguyen LXT, Morales C, Chen MH, Wu X, Chen LS, Hoang DH, Hernandez Vargas S, Pullarkat V, Gandhi V, Marcucci G, Rosen ST. Targeting the metabolic vulnerability of acute myeloid leukemia blasts with a combination of venetoclax and 8-chloro-adenosine. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:70. [PMID: 33902674 PMCID: PMC8074444 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01076-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background BCL‐2 inhibition through venetoclax (VEN) targets acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blast cells and leukemic stem cells (LSCs). Although VEN-containing regimens yield 60–70% clinical response rates, the vast majority of patients inevitably suffer disease relapse, likely because of the persistence of drug-resistant LSCs. We previously reported preclinical activity of the ribonucleoside analog 8-chloro-adenosine (8-Cl-Ado) against AML blast cells and LSCs. Moreover, our ongoing phase I clinical trial of 8-Cl-Ado in patients with refractory/relapsed AML demonstrates encouraging clinical benefit. Of note, LSCs uniquely depend on amino acid-driven and/or fatty acid oxidation (FAO)-driven oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for survival. VEN inhibits OXPHOS in LSCs, which eventually may escape the antileukemic activity of this drug. FAO is activated in LSCs isolated from patients with relapsed AML.
Methods Using AML cell lines and LSC-enriched blast cells from pre-treatment AML patients, we evaluated the effects of 8-Cl-Ado, VEN and the 8-Cl-Ado/VEN combination on fatty acid metabolism, glycolysis and OXPHOS using liquid scintillation counting, a Seahorse XF Analyzer and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Western blotting was used to validate results from GSEA. HPLC was used to measure intracellular accumulation of 8-Cl-ATP, the cytotoxic metabolite of 8-Cl-Ado. To quantify drug synergy, we created combination index plots using CompuSyn software. The log-rank Kaplan–Meier survival test was used to compare the survival distributions of the different treatment groups in a xenograft mouse model of AML. Results We here report that VEN and 8-Cl-Ado synergistically inhibited in vitro growth of AML cells. Furthermore, immunodeficient mice engrafted with MV4-11-Luc AML cells and treated with the combination of VEN plus 8-Cl-Ado had a significantly longer survival than mice treated with either drugs alone (p ≤ 0.006). We show here that 8-Cl-Ado in the LSC-enriched population suppressed FAO by downregulating gene expression of proteins involved in this pathway and significantly inhibited the oxygen consumption rate (OCR), an indicator of OXPHOS. By combining 8-Cl-Ado with VEN, we observed complete inhibition of OCR, suggesting this drug combination cooperates in targeting OXPHOS and the metabolic homeostasis of AML cells. Conclusion Taken together, the results suggest that 8-Cl-Ado enhances the antileukemic activity of VEN and that this combination represents a promising therapeutic regimen for treatment of AML. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13045-021-01076-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Buettner
- Hematology Malignancies Research Institute, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope Medical Center, Kaplan CRB, 1026, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
| | - Le Xuan Truong Nguyen
- Hematology Malignancies Research Institute, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope Medical Center, Kaplan CRB, 1026, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
| | - Corey Morales
- Hematology Malignancies Research Institute, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope Medical Center, Kaplan CRB, 1026, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Min-Hsuan Chen
- Integrative Genomics Core, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Xiwei Wu
- Integrative Genomics Core, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Lisa S Chen
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dinh Hoa Hoang
- Hematology Malignancies Research Institute, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope Medical Center, Kaplan CRB, 1026, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Servando Hernandez Vargas
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vinod Pullarkat
- Hematology Malignancies Research Institute, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope Medical Center, Kaplan CRB, 1026, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Varsha Gandhi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guido Marcucci
- Hematology Malignancies Research Institute, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope Medical Center, Kaplan CRB, 1026, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Steven T Rosen
- Hematology Malignancies Research Institute, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope Medical Center, Kaplan CRB, 1026, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lyu T, Zhang B, Li M, Jiao X, Song Y. Research progress on exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells in hematological malignancies. Hematol Oncol 2021; 39:162-169. [PMID: 32869900 PMCID: PMC8246925 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a subset of multifunctional stem cells with self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation properties that play a pivotal role in tumor progression. MSCs are reported to exert biological functions by secreting specialized vesicles, known as exosomes, with tumor cells. Exosomes participate in material and information exchange between cells and are crucial in multiple physiological and pathological processes. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the roles, mechanisms of action and sources of MSC exosomes in hematological malignancies, and different tumor types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianxin Lyu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Binglei Zhang
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengjia Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xueli Jiao
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongping Song
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Laham-Karam N, Pinto GP, Poso A, Kokkonen P. Transcription and Translation Inhibitors in Cancer Treatment. Front Chem 2020; 8:276. [PMID: 32373584 PMCID: PMC7186406 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription and translation are fundamental cellular processes that govern the protein production of cells. These processes are generally up regulated in cancer cells, to maintain the enhanced metabolism and proliferative state of these cells. As such cancerous cells can be susceptible to transcription and translation inhibitors. There are numerous druggable proteins involved in transcription and translation which make lucrative targets for cancer drug development. In addition to proteins, recent years have shown that the "undruggable" transcription factors and RNA molecules can also be targeted to hamper the transcription or translation in cancer. In this review, we summarize the properties and function of the transcription and translation inhibitors that have been tested and developed, focusing on the advances of the last 5 years. To complement this, we also discuss some of the recent advances in targeting oncogenes tightly controlling transcription including transcription factors and KRAS. In addition to natural and synthetic compounds, we review DNA and RNA based approaches to develop cancer drugs. Finally, we conclude with the outlook to the future of the development of transcription and translation inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nihay Laham-Karam
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Gaspar P. Pinto
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Antti Poso
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- University Hospital Tübingen, Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Piia Kokkonen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fletcher L, Joshi SK, Traer E. Profile of Quizartinib for the Treatment of Adult Patients with Relapsed/Refractory FLT3-ITD-Positive Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Evidence to Date. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:151-163. [PMID: 32021432 PMCID: PMC6955578 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s196568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clonal hematologic neoplasm characterized by rapid, uncontrolled cell growth of immature myeloid cells (blasts). There are numerous genetic abnormalities in AML, many of which are prognostic, but an increasing number are targets for drug therapy. One of the most common genetic abnormalities in AML are activating mutations in the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 receptor (FLT3). As a receptor tyrosine kinase, FLT3 was the first targetable genetic abnormality in AML. The first generation of FLT3 inhibitors were broad-spectrum kinase inhibitors that inhibited FLT3 among other proteins. Although clinically active, first-generation FLT3 inhibitors had limited success as single agents. This led to the development of a second generation of more selective FLT3 inhibitors. This review focuses on quizartinib, a potent second-generation FLT3 inhibitor. We discuss the clinical trial development, mechanisms of resistance, and the recent FDA decision to deny approval for quizartinib as a single agent in relapsed/refractory AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke Fletcher
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Sunil K Joshi
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Elie Traer
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| |
Collapse
|