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Komaba K, Kimura S, Kumai R, Goto H. Optically Electroactive Polymer Synthesized in a Liquid Crystal with Cyclosporin A─Circularly Polarized Electron Spin Resonance. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:2000-2009. [PMID: 38377516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c07375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Cyclosporine A (CsA), a naturally derived biomaterial and physiologically active substance, is commonly used as an immunosuppressant. In this study, CsA was revealed to function as a chiral inducer of cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) with a high helical twisting power. CsA induced helical structures in 4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl, a synthetic liquid crystal (LC) used for general purposes. Electrochemical polymerization in CLC with CsA was also performed. The polymer prepared in CLC showed electro-optical activity via chiral induction by CsA. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements indicated that the polymer film prepared in the CLC formed in the manner of LC molecular arrangement through molecular form imprinting from the LC order, although the polymer exhibited no liquid crystallinity. The polymer showed structural color and laser light oscillation diffraction derived from its periodic structure. The anisotropy of the circularly polarized electron spin resonance signals for the resulting polymer with respect to the magnetic field was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoka Komaba
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Shojiro Kimura
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | - Reiji Kumai
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Goto
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
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2
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Lisek M, Tomczak J, Boczek T, Zylinska L. Calcium-Associated Proteins in Neuroregeneration. Biomolecules 2024; 14:183. [PMID: 38397420 PMCID: PMC10887043 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of intracellular calcium levels is a critical factor in neurodegeneration, leading to the aberrant activation of calcium-dependent processes and, ultimately, cell death. Ca2+ signals vary in magnitude, duration, and the type of neuron affected. A moderate Ca2+ concentration can initiate certain cellular repair pathways and promote neuroregeneration. While the peripheral nervous system exhibits an intrinsic regenerative capability, the central nervous system has limited self-repair potential. There is evidence that significant variations exist in evoked calcium responses and axonal regeneration among neurons, and individual differences in regenerative capacity are apparent even within the same type of neurons. Furthermore, some studies have shown that neuronal activity could serve as a potent regulator of this process. The spatio-temporal patterns of calcium dynamics are intricately controlled by a variety of proteins, including channels, ion pumps, enzymes, and various calcium-binding proteins, each of which can exert either positive or negative effects on neural repair, depending on the cellular context. In this concise review, we focus on several calcium-associated proteins such as CaM kinase II, GAP-43, oncomodulin, caldendrin, calneuron, and NCS-1 in order to elaborate on their roles in the intrinsic mechanisms governing neuronal regeneration following traumatic damage processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ludmila Zylinska
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (M.L.); (J.T.); (T.B.)
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Jiang J, Zhang L, Zou J, Liu J, Yang J, Jiang Q, Duan P, Jiang B. Phosphorylated S6K1 and 4E-BP1 play different roles in constitutively active Rheb-mediated retinal ganglion cell survival and axon regeneration after optic nerve injury. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:2526-2534. [PMID: 37282486 PMCID: PMC10360084 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.371372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ras homolog enriched in brain (Rheb) is a small GTPase that activates mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Previous studies have shown that constitutively active Rheb can enhance the regeneration of sensory axons after spinal cord injury by activating downstream effectors of mTOR. S6K1 and 4E-BP1 are important downstream effectors of mTORC1. In this study, we investigated the role of Rheb/mTOR and its downstream effectors S6K1 and 4E-BP1 in the protection of retinal ganglion cells. We transfected an optic nerve crush mouse model with adeno-associated viral 2-mediated constitutively active Rheb and observed the effects on retinal ganglion cell survival and axon regeneration. We found that overexpression of constitutively active Rheb promoted survival of retinal ganglion cells in the acute (14 days) and chronic (21 and 42 days) stages of injury. We also found that either co-expression of the dominant-negative S6K1 mutant or the constitutively active 4E-BP1 mutant together with constitutively active Rheb markedly inhibited axon regeneration of retinal ganglion cells. This suggests that mTORC1-mediated S6K1 activation and 4E-BP1 inhibition were necessary components for constitutively active Rheb-induced axon regeneration. However, only S6K1 activation, but not 4E-BP1 knockdown, induced axon regeneration when applied alone. Furthermore, S6K1 activation promoted the survival of retinal ganglion cells at 14 days post-injury, whereas 4E-BP1 knockdown unexpectedly slightly decreased the survival of retinal ganglion cells at 14 days post-injury. Overexpression of constitutively active 4E-BP1 increased the survival of retinal ganglion cells at 14 days post-injury. Likewise, co-expressing constitutively active Rheb and constitutively active 4E-BP1 markedly increased the survival of retinal ganglion cells compared with overexpression of constitutively active Rheb alone at 14 days post-injury. These findings indicate that functional 4E-BP1 and S6K1 are neuroprotective and that 4E-BP1 may exert protective effects through a pathway at least partially independent of Rheb/mTOR. Together, our results show that constitutively active Rheb promotes the survival of retinal ganglion cells and axon regeneration through modulating S6K1 and 4E-BP1 activity. Phosphorylated S6K1 and 4E-BP1 promote axon regeneration but play an antagonistic role in the survival of retinal ganglion cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jikuan Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lusi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jingling Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jingyuan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jia Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Peiyun Duan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Bing Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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4
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Guo G, Yang J, Guo W, Deng H, Yu H, Bai S, Li G, Tang Y, Zhang P, Xu Y, Pan C, Tang Z. Homocysteine impedes neurite outgrowth recovery after intracerebral haemorrhage by downregulating pCAMK2A. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2023; 8:335-348. [PMID: 36854487 PMCID: PMC10512087 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2022-002165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is independently associated with poorer long-term prognosis in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH); however, the effect and mechanisms of HHcy on ICH are still unclear. Here, we evaluated neurite outgrowth and neurological functional recovery using simulated models of ICH with HHcy in vitro and in vivo. We found that the neurite outgrowth velocity and motor functional recovery in the ICH plus HHcy group were significantly slower than that in the control group, indicating that homocysteine (Hcy) significantly impedes the neurite outgrowth recovery after ICH. Furthermore, phosphoproteomic data and signalome analysis of perihematomal brain tissues suggested that calmodulin-dependent protein kinases 2 (CAMK2A) kinase substrate pairs were significantly downregulated in ICH with HHcy compared with autologous blood injection only, both western blot and immunofluorescence staining confirmed this finding. Additionally, upregulation of pCAMK2A significantly increased neurite outgrowth recovery in ICH with HHcy. Collectively, we clarify the mechanism of HHcy-hindered neurite outgrowth recovery, and pCAMK2A may serve as a therapeutic strategy for promoting neurological recovery after ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Guo
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jingfei Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenliang Guo
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hong Deng
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haihan Yu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuang Bai
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Gaigai Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yingxin Tang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chao Pan
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhouping Tang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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5
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Urrutia PJ, González-Billault C. A Role for Second Messengers in Axodendritic Neuronal Polarity. J Neurosci 2023; 43:2037-2052. [PMID: 36948585 PMCID: PMC10039749 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1065-19.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal polarization is a complex molecular process regulated by intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. Nerve cells integrate multiple extracellular cues to generate intracellular messengers that ultimately control cell morphology, metabolism, and gene expression. Therefore, second messengers' local concentration and temporal regulation are crucial elements for acquiring a polarized morphology in neurons. This review article summarizes the main findings and current understanding of how Ca2+, IP3, cAMP, cGMP, and hydrogen peroxide control different aspects of neuronal polarization, and highlights questions that still need to be resolved to fully understand the fascinating cellular processes involved in axodendritic polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela J Urrutia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile 7800003
- School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile 7510157
| | - Christian González-Billault
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile 7800003
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile 8380453
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile 7800003
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California 94945
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6
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Czech VL, O'Connor LC, Philippon B, Norman E, Byrne AB. TIR-1/SARM1 inhibits axon regeneration and promotes axon degeneration. eLife 2023; 12:80856. [PMID: 37083456 PMCID: PMC10121217 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth and destruction are central components of the neuronal injury response. Injured axons that are capable of repair, including axons in the mammalian peripheral nervous system and in many invertebrate animals, often regenerate and degenerate on either side of the injury. Here we show that TIR-1/dSarm/SARM1, a key regulator of axon degeneration, also inhibits regeneration of injured motor axons. The increased regeneration in tir-1 mutants is not a secondary consequence of its effects on degeneration, nor is it determined by the NADase activity of TIR-1. Rather, we found that TIR-1 functions cell-autonomously to regulate each of the seemingly opposite processes through distinct interactions with two MAP kinase pathways. On one side of the injury, TIR-1 inhibits axon regeneration by activating the NSY-1/ASK1 MAPK signaling cascade, while on the other side of the injury, TIR-1 simultaneously promotes axon degeneration by interacting with the DLK-1 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade. In parallel, we found that the ability to cell-intrinsically inhibit axon regeneration is conserved in human SARM1. Our finding that TIR-1/SARM1 regulates axon regeneration provides critical insight into how axons coordinate a multidimensional response to injury, consequently informing approaches to manipulate the response toward repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Czech
- Department of Neurobiology, UMass Chan Massachusetts Medical School
| | | | | | - Emily Norman
- Department of Neurobiology, UMass Chan Massachusetts Medical School
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7
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Rigter PMF, de Konink C, van Woerden GM. Loss of CAMK2G affects intrinsic and motor behavior but has minimal impact on cognitive behavior. Front Neurosci 2023; 16:1086994. [PMID: 36685241 PMCID: PMC9853378 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1086994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The gamma subunit of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 2 (CAMK2G) is expressed throughout the brain and is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. Research on the role of CAMK2G is limited and attributes different functions to specific cell types. Methods To further expand on the role of CAMK2G in brain functioning, we performed extensive phenotypic characterization of a Camk2g knockout mouse. Results We found different CAMK2G isoforms that show a distinct spatial expression pattern in the brain. Additionally, based on our behavioral characterization, we conclude that CAMK2G plays a minor role in hippocampus-dependent learning and synaptic plasticity. Rather, we show that CAMK2G is required for motor function and that the loss of CAMK2G results in impaired nest-building and marble burying behavior, which are innate behaviors that are associated with impaired neurodevelopment. Discussion Taken together, our results provide evidence for a unique function of this specific CAMK2 isozyme in the brain and further support the role of CAMK2G in neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pomme M. F. Rigter
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands,Erfelijke Neuro-Cognitieve Ontwikkelingsstoornissen, Expertise Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Charlotte de Konink
- Erfelijke Neuro-Cognitieve Ontwikkelingsstoornissen, Expertise Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands,Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Geeske M. van Woerden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands,Erfelijke Neuro-Cognitieve Ontwikkelingsstoornissen, Expertise Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands,Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Geeske M. van Woerden,
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8
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Kulkarni R, Thakur A, Kumar H. Microtubule Dynamics Following Central and Peripheral Nervous System Axotomy. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:1358-1369. [PMID: 35451811 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbance in the neuronal network leads to instability in the microtubule (MT) railroad of axons, causing hindrance in the intra-axonal transport and making it difficult to re-establish the broken network. Peripheral nervous system (PNS) neurons can stabilize their MTs, leading to the formation of regeneration-promoting structures called "growth cones". However, central nervous system (CNS) neurons lack this intrinsic reparative capability and, instead, form growth-incompetent structures called "retraction bulbs", which have a disarrayed MT network. It is evident from various studies that although axonal regeneration depends on both cell-extrinsic and cell-intrinsic factors, any therapy that aims at axonal regeneration ultimately converges onto MTs. Understanding the neuronal MT dynamics will help develop effective therapeutic strategies in diseases where the MT network gets disrupted, such as spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. It is also essential to know the factors that aid or inhibit MT stabilization. In this review, we have discussed the MT dynamics postaxotomy in the CNS and PNS, and factors that can directly influence MT stability in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Kulkarni
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Akshata Thakur
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Hemant Kumar
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
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Retinoic Acid-Differentiated Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Is an Accessible In Vitro Model to Study Native Human Acid-Sensing Ion Channels 1a (ASIC1a). BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020167. [PMID: 35205034 PMCID: PMC8868828 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y is used in neurobiology for studying various neuropathophysiological processes. In this study, we differentiated neuroblastoma cells into a neuronal-like phenotype with retinoic acid and studied if functional acid-sensing, transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 and ankyrin-1 ion channels were expressed in it. We found that homomeric acid-sensing ion channels 1a were expressed predominantly and yielded large ionic currents that can be modulated with different ligands. This channel plays important roles in synaptic plasticity, neurodegeneration, and pain perception. Thus, retinoic acid-treated neuroblastoma is a suitable model system for pharmacological testing on native human acid-sensing ion channels 1a. This approach can facilitate the development of new drugs for neuroprotection and pain management. Abstract Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y is a prominent neurobiological tool used for studying neuropathophysiological processes. We investigated acid-sensing (ASIC) and transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) and ankyrin-1 (TRPA1) ion channels present in untreated and differentiated neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y to propose a new means for their study in neuronal-like cells. Using a quantitative real-time PCR and a whole-cell patch-clamp technique, ion channel expression profiles, functionality, and the pharmacological actions of their ligands were characterized. A low-level expression of ASIC1a and ASIC2 was detected in untreated cells. The treatment with 10 μM of retinoic acid (RA) for 6 days resulted in neuronal differentiation that was accompanied by a remarkable increase in ASIC1a expression, while ASIC2 expression remained almost unaltered. In response to acid stimuli, differentiated cells showed prominent ASIC-like currents. Detailed kinetic and pharmacological characterization suggests that homomeric ASIC1a is a dominant isoform among the present ASIC channels. RA-treatment also reduced the expression of TRPV1 and TRPA1, and minor electrophysiological responses to their agonists were found in untreated cells. Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y treated with RA can serve as a model system to study the effects of different ligands on native human ASIC1a in neuronal-like cells. This approach can improve the characterization of modulators for the development of new neuroprotective and analgesic drugs.
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10
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Wen Q, Weng H, Liu T, Yu L, Zhao T, Qin J, Li S, Wu Q, Fadel T, Qu Y, Zhou L. Inactivating Celsr2 promotes motor axon fasciculation and regeneration in mouse and human. Brain 2022; 145:670-683. [PMID: 34983065 PMCID: PMC9014747 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding new modulators of axon regeneration is central to neural repair. Our previous work demonstrated critical roles of atypical cadherin Celsr2 during neural development, including cilia organization, neuron migration and axon navigation. Here, we address its role in axon regeneration. We show that Celsr2 is highly expressed in both mouse and human spinal motor neurons. Celsr2 knockout promotes axon regeneration and fasciculation in mouse cultured spinal explants. Similarly, cultured Celsr2 mutant motor neurons extend longer neurites and larger growth cones, with increased expression of end-binding protein 3 and higher potassium-induced calcium influx. Mice with Celsr2 conditional knockout in spinal motor neurons do not exhibit any behavioural deficits; however, after branchial plexus injury, axon regeneration and functional forelimb locomotor recovery are significantly improved. Similarly, knockdown of CELSR2 using shRNA interference in cultured human spinal motor explants and motor neurons increases axonal fasciculation and growth. In mouse adult spinal cord after root avulsion, in mouse embryonic spinal cords, and in cultured human motor neurons, Celsr2 downregulation is accompanied by increased levels of GTP-bound Rac1 and Cdc42, and of JNK and c-Jun. In conclusion, Celsr2 negatively regulates motor axon regeneration and is a potential target to improve neural repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Wen
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Huandi Weng
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Lingtai Yu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Tainyun Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jingwen Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Si Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Qingfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Tissir Fadel
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Developmental Neurobiology, Brussels, Belgium.,College of Life and Health Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
| | - Yibo Qu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain- Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Libing Zhou
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China.,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510005, P.R. China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,The first affiliated hospital of Jian University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
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11
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The Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Kinases II and IV as Therapeutic Targets in Neurodegenerative and Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094307. [PMID: 33919163 PMCID: PMC8122486 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CaMKII and CaMKIV are calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinases playing a rudimentary role in many regulatory processes in the organism. These kinases attract increasing interest due to their involvement primarily in memory and plasticity and various cellular functions. Although CaMKII and CaMKIV are mostly recognized as the important cogs in a memory machine, little is known about their effect on mood and role in neuropsychiatric diseases etiology. Here, we aimed to review the structure and functions of CaMKII and CaMKIV, as well as how these kinases modulate the animals’ behavior to promote antidepressant-like, anxiolytic-like, and procognitive effects. The review will help in the understanding of the roles of the above kinases in the selected neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, and this knowledge can be used in future drug design.
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12
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Di Paolo A, Farias J, Garat J, Macklin A, Ignatchenko V, Kislinger T, Sotelo Silveira J. Rat Sciatic Nerve Axoplasm Proteome Is Enriched with Ribosomal Proteins during Regeneration Processes. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:2506-2520. [PMID: 33793244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Axons are complex subcellular compartments that are extremely long in relation to cell bodies, especially in peripheral nerves. Many processes are required and regulated during axon injury, including anterograde and retrograde transport, glia-to-axon macromolecular transfer, and local axonal protein synthesis. Many in vitro omics approaches have been used to gain insight into these processes, but few have been applied in vivo. Here we adapted the osmotic ex vivo axoplasm isolation method and analyzed the adult rat sciatic-nerve-extruded axoplasm by label-free quantitative proteomics before and after injury. 2087 proteins groups were detected in the axoplasm, revealing translation machinery and microtubule-associated proteins as the most overrepresented biological processes. Ribosomal proteins (73) were detected in the uninjured axoplasm and increased their levels after injury but not within whole sciatic nerves. Meta-analysis showed that detected ribosomal proteins were present in in vitro axonal proteomes. Because local protein synthesis is important for protein localization, we were interested in detecting the most abundant newly synthesized axonal proteins in vivo. With an MS/MS-BONCAT approach, we detected 42 newly synthesized protein groups. Overall, our work indicates that proteomics profiling is useful for local axonal interrogation and suggests that ribosomal proteins may play an important role, especially during injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Di Paolo
- Departamento de Proteínas y Ácidos Nucleicos, IIBCE, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay.,Departamento de Genómica, IIBCE, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Joaquin Garat
- Departamento de Genómica, IIBCE, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrew Macklin
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Vladimir Ignatchenko
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Thomas Kislinger
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - José Sotelo Silveira
- Departamento de Genómica, IIBCE, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay.,Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
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13
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Liu C, Liu J, Liu C, Zhou Q, Zhou Y, Zhang B, Saijilafu. The intrinsic axon regenerative properties of mature neurons after injury. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:1-9. [PMID: 33258872 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thousands of nerve injuries occur in the world each year. Axon regeneration is a very critical process for the restoration of the injured nervous system's function. However, the precise molecular mechanism or signaling cascades that control axon regeneration are not clearly understood, especially in mammals. Therefore, there is almost no ideal treatment method to repair the nervous system's injury until now. Mammalian axonal regeneration requires multiple signaling pathways to coordinately regulate gene expression in soma and assembly of the cytoskeleton protein in the growth cone. A better understanding of their molecular mechanisms, such as axon regeneration regulatory signaling cascades, will be helpful in developing new treatment strategies for promoting axon regeneration. In this review, we mainly focus on describing these regeneration-associated signaling cascades, which regulate axon regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfeng Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Jinlian Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Chaoqun Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Yaodong Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Boyin Zhang
- Orthopedics Surgery Department, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Saijilafu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, China
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14
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Xu JH, Qin XZ, Zhang HN, Ma YX, Qi SB, Zhang HC, Ma JJ, Fu XY, Xie JL, Saijilafu. Deletion of Krüppel-like factor-4 promotes axonal regeneration in mammals. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:166-171. [PMID: 32788472 PMCID: PMC7818869 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.286978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Axonal regeneration plays an important role in functional recovery after nervous system damage. However, after axonal injury in mammals, regeneration is often poor. The deletion of Krüppel-like factor-4 (Klf4) has been shown to promote axonal regeneration in retinal ganglion cells. However, the effects of Klf4 deletion on the corticospinal tract and peripheral nervous system are unknown. In this study, using a mouse model of sciatic nerve injury, we show that the expression of Klf4 in dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons was significantly reduced after peripheral axotomy, suggesting that the regeneration of the sciatic nerve is associated with Klf4. In vitro, dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons with Klf4 knockout exhibited significantly enhanced axonal regeneration. Furthermore, the regeneration of the sciatic nerve was enhanced in vivo following Klf4 knockout. Finally, AAV-Cre virus was used to knockout the Klf4 gene in the cortex. The deletion of Klf4 enhanced regeneration of the corticospinal tract in mice with spinal cord injury. Together, our findings suggest that regulating KLF4 activity in neurons is a potential strategy for promoting axonal regeneration and functional recovery after nervous system injury. This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee at Soochow University, China (approval No. SUDA20200316A01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hui Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xu-Zhen Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hao-Nan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan-Xia Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shi-Bin Qi
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hong-Cheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jin-Jin Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin-Ya Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ji-Le Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Saijilafu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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15
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Liu X, Liu C, Ye J, Zhang S, Wang K, Su R. Distribution of Acid Sensing Ion Channels in Axonal Growth Cones and Presynaptic Membrane of Cultured Hippocampal Neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:205. [PMID: 32733209 PMCID: PMC7358772 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are widely expressed in the central nervous system, their distribution and roles in axonal growth cones remain unclear. In this study, we examined ASIC localization and function in the axonal growth cones of cultured immature hippocampal neurons. Our immunocytochemical data showed that native and overexpressed ASIC1a and ASIC2a are both localized in growth cones of cultured young hippocampal neurons. Calcium imaging and electrophysiological assay results were utilized to validate their function. The calcium imaging test results indicated that the ASICs (primarily ASIC1a) present in growth cones mediate calcium influx despite the addition of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels antagonists and the depletion of intracellular calcium stores. The electrophysiological tests results suggested that a rapid decrease in extracellular pH at the growth cones of voltage-clamped neurons elicits inward currents that were blocked by bath application of the ASIC antagonist amiloride, showing that the ASICs expressed at growth cones are functional. The subsequent immuno-colocalization test results demonstrated that ASIC1a and ASIC2a are both colocalized with Neurofilament-H and Bassoon in mature hippocampal neurons. This finding demonstrated that after reaching maturity, ASIC1a and ASIC2a are both distributed in axons and the presynaptic membrane. Our data reveal the distribution of functional ASICs in growth cones of immature hippocampal neurons and the presence of ASICs in the axons and presynaptic membrane of mature hippocampal neurons, indicating a possible role for ASICs in axonal guidance, synapse formation and neurotransmitter release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Can Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Jiamin Ye
- School of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Shuzhuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Ruibin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
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16
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Zhang J, Su G, Wu Q, Liu J, Tian Y, Liu X, Zhou J, Gao J, Chen W, Chen D, Zhang Z. Rab11-mediated recycling endosome role in nervous system development and neurodegenerative diseases. Int J Neurosci 2020; 131:1012-1018. [PMID: 32329391 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1761354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
STUDY Membrane trafficking process is significant for the complex and precise regulatory of the nervous system. Rab11, as a small GTPase of the Rab superfamily, controls endocytic vesicular trafficking to the cell surface after sorting in recycling endosome (RE), coordinating with its receptors to maintain neurological function. MATERIALS AND METHODS This article reviewed the literature of Rab11 in nervous system. RESULTS Rab11-positive vesicles targeted transport growth-related molecules, such as integrins, protrudin, tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk) A/B receptor and AMPA receptor (AMPAR) to membrane surface to promote the regeneration capacity of axon and dendrites and maintain synaptic plasticity. In addition, many studies have shown that the expression of Rab11 is decreased in multiple neurodegenerative diseases, which is highly correlated with the process of production, transport and clearance of disease-related pathological proteins. And overexpression or increased activity of Rab11 can greatly improve the defect of membrane trafficking and slow down the disease process. CONCLUSION With increasing research efforts on Rab11-dependent membrane trafficking mechanisms, a potential target for nerve regeneration and neurodegenerative diseases will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Gang Su
- Institute of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Qionghui Wu
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jifei Liu
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Juanping Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Juan Gao
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Deyi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhenchang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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