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Vinhas A, Rodrigues MT, Gonçalves AI, Gomes ME. Immunomodulatory Behavior of Tendon Magnetic Cell Sheets can be Modulated in Hypoxic Environments under Magnetic Stimulus. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:44440-44450. [PMID: 39143034 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c08154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Tissue environments play a crucial role in orchestrating cell behavior, guided by a complex interplay of various factors. Long lasting inflammatory signals compromise tendon homeostasis and promote tissue degeneration, while tissue oxygen levels affect local cells' responses with hypoxic environments influencing apoptosis, inflammatory mediators, and matrix production. Recent works have unveiled the therapeutic potential of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) in modulating inflammatory signals expressed by human tendon cells (hTDCs), and in mitigating the hypoxia-induced effects on the regulation of inflammatory cytokines. Thus, we sought to investigate the role of hypoxic environments, namely, 1 and 2% oxygen tension, in the inflammatory profiles of magnetic cell sheets (magCSs) formed by magnetic nanoparticles internalized in contiguous hTDCs with intact cell-cell junctions and deposited matrix. We also aimed to explore the impact of PEMF over hypoxia-treated magCSs, including IL-1β-primed-magCSs, with the objective of harnessing magnetic stimulation to guide abnormal inflammatory cell responses toward efficient treatments supporting tendon regenerative potential. Our findings revealed that low oxygen tensions amplified the expression of hypoxia-associated genes and of inflammatory markers in IL-1β-primed-magCSs with an involvement of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Encouragingly, when PEMF was applied to IL-1β-primed-magCSs under hypoxic conditions, it successfully modulated inflammatory cues by favoring IL-10 and IL-4, via the NF-κB pathway. These results signify the remarkable potential of PEMF in driving proregenerative strategies and opens up new approaches in tendon therapies, highlighting the transformative impact of immunomodulatory magnetic cell sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Vinhas
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs─Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark─Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's─PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Márcia T Rodrigues
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs─Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark─Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's─PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana I Gonçalves
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs─Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark─Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's─PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Manuela E Gomes
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs─Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark─Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's─PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
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Silva M, Gomes S, Correia C, Peixoto D, Vinhas A, Rodrigues MT, Gomes ME, Covas JA, Paiva MC, Alves NM. Biocompatible 3D-Printed Tendon/Ligament Scaffolds Based on Polylactic Acid/Graphite Nanoplatelet Composites. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2518. [PMID: 37764548 PMCID: PMC10536374 DOI: 10.3390/nano13182518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has become a popular tool to produce complex structures. It has great potential in the regenerative medicine field to produce customizable and reproducible scaffolds with high control of dimensions and porosity. This study was focused on the investigation of new biocompatible and biodegradable 3D-printed scaffolds with suitable mechanical properties to assist tendon and ligament regeneration. Polylactic acid (PLA) scaffolds were reinforced with 0.5 wt.% of functionalized graphite nanoplatelets decorated with silver nanoparticles ((f-EG)+Ag). The functionalization of graphene was carried out to strengthen the interface with the polymer. (f-EG)+Ag exhibited antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli), an important feature for the healing process and prevention of bacterial infections. The scaffolds' structure, biodegradation, and mechanical properties were assessed to confirm their suitability for tendon and ligamentregeneration. All scaffolds exhibited surface nanoroughness created during printing, which was increased by the filler presence. The wet state dynamic mechanical analysis proved that the incorporation of reinforcement led to an increase in the storage modulus, compared with neat PLA. The cytotoxicity assays using L929 fibroblasts showed that the scaffolds were biocompatible. The PLA+[(f-EG)+Ag] scaffolds were also loaded with human tendon-derived cells and showed their capability to maintain the tenogenic commitment with an increase in the gene expression of specific tendon/ligament-related markers. The results demonstrate the potential application of these new 3D-printed nanocomposite scaffolds for tendon and ligament regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Silva
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (M.S.); (C.C.); (D.P.); (A.V.); (M.T.R.); (M.E.G.)
- ICVS/3B’s, Associate PT Government Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Institute for Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (S.G.); (J.A.C.); (M.C.P.)
| | - Susana Gomes
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Institute for Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (S.G.); (J.A.C.); (M.C.P.)
| | - Cátia Correia
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (M.S.); (C.C.); (D.P.); (A.V.); (M.T.R.); (M.E.G.)
- ICVS/3B’s, Associate PT Government Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Daniela Peixoto
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (M.S.); (C.C.); (D.P.); (A.V.); (M.T.R.); (M.E.G.)
- ICVS/3B’s, Associate PT Government Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Adriana Vinhas
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (M.S.); (C.C.); (D.P.); (A.V.); (M.T.R.); (M.E.G.)
- ICVS/3B’s, Associate PT Government Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Márcia T. Rodrigues
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (M.S.); (C.C.); (D.P.); (A.V.); (M.T.R.); (M.E.G.)
- ICVS/3B’s, Associate PT Government Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Manuela E. Gomes
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (M.S.); (C.C.); (D.P.); (A.V.); (M.T.R.); (M.E.G.)
- ICVS/3B’s, Associate PT Government Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - José A. Covas
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Institute for Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (S.G.); (J.A.C.); (M.C.P.)
| | - Maria C. Paiva
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Institute for Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (S.G.); (J.A.C.); (M.C.P.)
| | - Natália M. Alves
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (M.S.); (C.C.); (D.P.); (A.V.); (M.T.R.); (M.E.G.)
- ICVS/3B’s, Associate PT Government Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
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Vinhas A, Almeida AF, Rodrigues MT, Gomes ME. Prospects of magnetically based approaches addressing inflammation in tendon tissues. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 196:114815. [PMID: 37001644 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Tendon afflictions constitute a significant share of musculoskeletal diseases and represent a primary cause of incapacity worldwide. Unresolved/chronic inflammatory states have been associated with the onset and progression of tendon disorders, contributing to undesirable immune stimulation and detrimental tissue effects. Thus, targeting persistent inflammatory events could assist important developments to solve pathophysiological processes and innovative therapeutics to address impaired healing and accomplish complete tendon regeneration. This review overviews the impact of inflammation and inflammatory mediators in tendon niches, unveiling the importance of tendon cell populations and their signature features, and the influence of microenvironmental factors on inflamed and injured tendons. The demand for non-invasive instructive strategies to manage persistent inflammatory mediators, guide inflammatory pathways, and modulate cellular responses will also be approached by exploring the role of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF). PEMF alone or combined with more sophisticated systems triggered by magnetic fields will be considered in the design of successful therapies to control inflammation in tendinopathic conditions.
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Graça AL, Domingues RMA, Calejo I, Gómez-Florit M, Gomes ME. Therapeutic Effects of Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in a Bioengineered Tendon Disease Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2948. [PMID: 35328370 PMCID: PMC8954460 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon injuries represent over 30-50% of musculoskeletal disorders worldwide, yet the available therapies do not provide complete tendon repair/regeneration and full functionality restoring. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), membrane-enclosed nanoparticles, have emerged as the next breakthrough in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine to promote endogenous tissue regeneration. Here, we developed a 3D human in vitro model mimicking the signature of pathological tendon and used it to evaluate the influence that different platelet-derived EVs might have in tendon tissue repair mechanisms. For this, different EV populations isolated from platelets, small EVs (sEVs) and medium EVs (mEVs), were added to the culture media of human tendon-derived cells (hTDCs) cultured on isotropic nanofibrous scaffolds. The platelet-derived EVs increased the expression of tenogenic markers, promoted a healthy extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, and the synthesis of anti-inflammatory mediators. These findings suggest that platelet EVs provided relevant biochemical cues that potentiated a recovery of hTDCs phenotype from a diseased to a healthy state. Thus, this study opens new perspectives for the translation of platelet-derived EVs as therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L. Graça
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (A.L.G.); (R.M.A.D.); (I.C.)
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui M. A. Domingues
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (A.L.G.); (R.M.A.D.); (I.C.)
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Isabel Calejo
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (A.L.G.); (R.M.A.D.); (I.C.)
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Manuel Gómez-Florit
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (A.L.G.); (R.M.A.D.); (I.C.)
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Manuela E. Gomes
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (A.L.G.); (R.M.A.D.); (I.C.)
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
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