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Mizukoshi C, Kojima Y, Nomura S, Hayashi S, Abe K, Shimamura T. DeepKINET: a deep generative model for estimating single-cell RNA splicing and degradation rates. Genome Biol 2024; 25:229. [PMID: 39237934 PMCID: PMC11378460 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-024-03367-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Messenger RNA splicing and degradation are critical for gene expression regulation, the abnormality of which leads to diseases. Previous methods for estimating kinetic rates have limitations, assuming uniform rates across cells. DeepKINET is a deep generative model that estimates splicing and degradation rates at single-cell resolution from scRNA-seq data. DeepKINET outperforms existing methods on simulated and metabolic labeling datasets. Applied to forebrain and breast cancer data, it identifies RNA-binding proteins responsible for kinetic rate diversity. DeepKINET also analyzes the effects of splicing factor mutations on target genes in erythroid lineage cells. DeepKINET effectively reveals cellular heterogeneity in post-transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikara Mizukoshi
- Division of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan.
- Nagoya University Hospital, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Kojima
- Laboratory of Computational Life Science, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Nomura
- Division of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shuto Hayashi
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ko Abe
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teppei Shimamura
- Division of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan.
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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2
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Li X, Li W, Zhang Y, Xu L, Song Y. Exploiting the potential of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in overcoming tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia. Genes Dis 2024; 11:101150. [PMID: 38947742 PMCID: PMC11214299 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.101150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) targeting BCR-ABL has drastically changed the treatment approach of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), greatly prolonged the life of CML patients, and improved their prognosis. However, TKI resistance is still a major problem with CML patients, reducing the efficacy of treatment and their quality of life. TKI resistance is mainly divided into BCR-ABL-dependent and BCR-ABL-independent resistance. Now, the main clinical strategy addressing TKI resistance is to switch to newly developed TKIs. However, data have shown that these new drugs may cause serious adverse reactions and intolerance and cannot address all resistance mutations. Therefore, finding new therapeutic targets to overcome TKI resistance is crucial and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) has emerged as a focus. The UPS mediates the degradation of most proteins in organisms and controls a wide range of physiological processes. In recent years, the study of UPS in hematological malignant tumors has resulted in effective treatments, such as bortezomib in the treatment of multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. In CML, the components of UPS cooperate or antagonize the efficacy of TKI by directly or indirectly affecting the ubiquitination of BCR-ABL, interfering with CML-related signaling pathways, and negatively or positively affecting leukemia stem cells. Some of these molecules may help overcome TKI resistance and treat CML. In this review, the mechanism of TKI resistance is briefly described, the components of UPS are introduced, existing studies on UPS participating in TKI resistance are listed, and UPS as the therapeutic target and strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Li
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China
| | - Linping Xu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China
| | - Yongping Song
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
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3
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Tang K, Yin T, Deng B, Wang M, Ren Z, Wang S, Liu X, Li H, Wang J, Du Y, Zhou J, Chen Y, Wang Y. USP7 deubiquitinates epigenetic reader ZMYND8 to promote breast cancer cell migration and invasion. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107672. [PMID: 39128723 PMCID: PMC11403496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), which involves E3 ligases and deubiquitinates (DUBs), is critical for protein homeostasis. The epigenetic reader ZMYND8 (zinc finger MYND-type containing 8) has emerged as an oncoprotein, and its protein levels are elevated in various types of cancer, including breast cancer. However, the mechanism by which ZMYND8 protein levels are increased in cancer remains elusive. Although ZMYND8 has been reported to be regulated by the E3 ligase FBXW7, it is still unknown whether ZMYND8 could be modulated by DUBs. Here, we identified USP7 (ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 7) as a bona fide DUB for ZMYND8. Mechanically, USP7 directly binds to the PBP (PHD-BRD-PWWP) domain of ZMYND8 via its TRAF (tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor) domain and UBL (ubiquitin-like) domain and removes F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7 (FBXW7)-catalyzed poly-ubiquitin chains on lysine residue 1034 (K1034) within ZMYND8, thereby stabilizing ZMYND8 and stimulating the transcription of ZMYND8 target genes ZEB1 (zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1) and VEGFA (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A). Consequently, USP7 enhances the capacity of breast cancer cells for migration and invasion through antagonizing FBXW7-mediated ZMYND8 degradation. Importantly, the protein levels of USP7 positively correlates with those of ZMYND8 in breast cancer tissues. These findings delineate an important layer of migration and invasion regulation by the USP7-ZMYND8 axis in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Tang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Center for Cell Structure and Function, Modem Industry Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tingting Yin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Center for Cell Structure and Function, Modem Industry Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bo Deng
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Shunde Hospital of Jinan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Center for Cell Structure and Function, Modem Industry Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zixuan Ren
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Center for Cell Structure and Function, Modem Industry Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Center for Cell Structure and Function, Modem Industry Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiong Liu
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiyan Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Center for Cell Structure and Function, Modem Industry Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Center for Cell Structure and Function, Modem Industry Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yating Du
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Center for Cell Structure and Function, Modem Industry Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Center for Cell Structure and Function, Modem Industry Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Center for Cell Structure and Function, Modem Industry Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China; School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yijie Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Center for Cell Structure and Function, Modem Industry Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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4
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Wang S, Li H, Liu X, Yin T, Li T, Zheng M, Liu M, Meng X, Zhou J, Wang Y, Chen Y. VHL suppresses UBE3B-mediated breast tumor growth and metastasis. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:446. [PMID: 38914543 PMCID: PMC11196597 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06844-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Protein homeostasis is predominantly governed through post-translational modification (PTM). UBE3B, identified as an oncoprotein, exhibits elevated protein levels in breast cancer. However, the impact of PTM on UBE3B remains unexplored. In this study, we show that VHL is a bona fide E3 ligase for UBE3B. Mechanistically, VHL directly binds to UBE3B, facilitating its lysine 48 (K48)-linked polyubiquitination at K286 and K427 in a prolyl hydroxylase (PHD)-independent manner. Consequently, this promotes the proteasomal degradation of UBE3B. The K286/427R mutation of UBE3B dramatically abolishes the inhibitory effect of VHL on breast tumor growth and lung metastasis. Additionally, the protein levels of UBE3B and VHL exhibit a negative correlation in breast cancer tissues. These findings delineate an important layer of UBE3B regulation by VHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Center for Cell Structure and Function, Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Huiyan Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Center for Cell Structure and Function, Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Xiong Liu
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Tingting Yin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Center for Cell Structure and Function, Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Tingru Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Center for Cell Structure and Function, Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Miaomiao Zheng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Center for Cell Structure and Function, Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Min Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Center for Cell Structure and Function, Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Xiaoqian Meng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Center for Cell Structure and Function, Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Center for Cell Structure and Function, Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Yijie Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Center for Cell Structure and Function, Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China.
| | - Yan Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Center for Cell Structure and Function, Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China.
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China.
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Gao H, Chen Z, Zhao L, Ji C, Xing F. Cellular functions, molecular signalings and therapeutic applications: Translational potential of deubiquitylating enzyme USP9X as a drug target in cancer treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189099. [PMID: 38582329 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination, one of the most significant post-translational modifications, plays an important role in controlling the proteins activity in diverse cellular processes. The reversible process of protein ubiquitination, known as deubiquitination, has emerged as a critical mechanism for maintaining cellular homeostasis. The deubiquitinases (DUBs), which participate in deubiquitination process are increasingly recognized as potential candidates for drug discovery. Among these DUBs, ubiquitin-specific protease 9× (USP9X), a highly conserved member of the USP family, exhibits versatile functions in various cellular processes, including the regulation of cell cycle, protein endocytosis, apoptosis, cell polarity, immunological microenvironment, and stem cell characteristics. The dysregulation and abnormal activities of USP9X are influenced by intricate cellular signaling pathway crosstalk and upstream non-coding RNAs. The complex expression patterns and controversial clinical significance of USP9X in cancers suggest its potential as a prognostic biomarker. Furthermore, USP9X inhibitors has shown promising antitumor activity and holds the potential to overcome therapeutic resistance in preclinical models. However, a comprehensive summary of the role and molecular functions of USP9X in cancer progression is currently lacking. In this review, we provide a comprehensive delineation of USP9X participation in numerous critical cellular processes, complicated signaling pathways within the tumor microenvironment, and its potential translational applications to combat therapeutic resistance. By systematically summarizing the updated molecular mechanisms of USP9X in cancer biology, this review aims to contribute to the advancement of cancer therapeutics and provide essential insights for specialists and clinicians in the development of improved cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Zhiguang Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Ce Ji
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
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Huang Q, Zheng S, Gu H, Yang Z, Lu Y, Yu X, Guo G. The deubiquitinase BRCC3 increases the stability of ZEB1 and promotes the proliferation and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024; 56:564-575. [PMID: 38449391 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2024005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a high recurrence rate, metastasis rate and mortality rate. The aim of this study is to identify new targets for the treatment of TNBC. Clinical samples are used for screening deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). MDA-MB-231 cells and a TNBC mouse model are used for in vitro and in vivo experiments, respectively. Western blot analysis is used to detect the protein expressions of DUBs, zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers. Colony formation and transwell assays are used to detect the proliferation, migration and invasion of TNBC cells. Wound healing assay is used to detect the mobility of TNBC cells. Immunoprecipitation assay is used to detect the interaction between breast cancer susceptibility gene 1/2-containing complex subunit 3 (BRCC3) and ZEB1. ZEB1 ubiquitination levels, protein stability, and protein degradation are also examined. Pathological changes in the lung tissues are detected via HE staining. Our results show a significant positive correlation between the expressions of BRCC3 and ZEB1 in clinical TNBC tissues. Interference with BRCC3 inhibits TNBC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT. BRCC3 interacts with ZEB1 and interferes with BRCC3 to inhibit ZEB1 expression by increasing ZEB1 ubiquitination. Interference with BRCC3 inhibits TNBC cell tumorigenesis and lung metastasis in vivo. In all, this study demonstrates that BRCC3 can increase the stability of ZEB1, upregulate ZEB1 expression, and promote the proliferation, migration, invasion, EMT, and metastasis of TNBC cells, providing a new direction for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qidi Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Shurong Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Huayan Gu
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yiqiao Lu
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xia Yu
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Guilong Guo
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
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Song X, Xia B, Gao X, Liu X, Lv H, Wang S, Xiao Q, Luo H. Related cellular signaling and consequent pathophysiological outcomes of ubiquitin specific protease 24. Life Sci 2024; 342:122512. [PMID: 38395384 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific protease 24 (USP24) is an essential member of the deubiquitinating protease family found in eukaryotes. It engages in interactions with multiple proteins, including p53, MCL-1, E2F4, and FTH1, among others. Through these interactions, USP24 plays a critical role in regulating vital cellular processes such as cell cycle control, DNA damage response, cellular iron autophagy, and apoptosis. Increased levels of USP24 have been observed in various cancer types, including bladder cancer, lung cancer, myeloma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and gastric cancer. However, in certain tumors like kidney cancer, USP24 is significantly downregulated, and the specific mechanism behind this remains unclear. Currently, there are no officially approved USP24 inhibitors available for clinical use. Some existing inhibitors targeting USP24 have shown promising effects in treating malignancies; however, their precise mode of action and information regarding binding sites are not well understood. Moreover, further optimization is required to enhance the selectivity and efficacy of these inhibitors. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in understanding the cellular functions of USP24, its association with various diseases, and the development of small-molecule inhibitors that target this protein. In conclusion, USP24 represents a promising therapeutic target for various diseases, and ongoing research will contribute to validating its role and facilitating the development of effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Boyu Xia
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xinrong Gao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xinying Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Hongyuan Lv
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Shiwei Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Qinpei Xiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Hao Luo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
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Cheng C, Yao H, Li H, Liu J, Liu Z, Wu Y, Zhu L, Hu H, Fang Z, Wu L. Blockade of the deubiquitinating enzyme USP48 degrades oncogenic HMGA2 and inhibits colorectal cancer invasion and metastasis. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:1624-1643. [PMID: 38572092 PMCID: PMC10985028 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
HMGA2, a pivotal transcription factor, functions as a versatile regulator implicated in the progression of diverse aggressive malignancies. In this study, mass spectrometry was employed to identify ubiquitin-specific proteases that potentially interact with HMGA2, and USP48 was identified as a deubiquitinating enzyme of HMGA2. The enforced expression of USP48 significantly increased HMGA2 protein levels by inhibiting its degradation, while the deprivation of USP48 promoted HMGA2 degradation, thereby suppressing tumor invasion and metastasis. We discovered that USP48 undergoes SUMOylation at lysine 258, which enhances its binding affinity to HMGA2. Through subsequent phenotypic screening of small molecules, we identified DUB-IN-2 as a remarkably potent pharmacological inhibitor of USP48. Interestingly, the small-molecule inhibitor targeting USP48 induces destabilization of HMGA2. Clinically, upregulation of USP48 or HMGA2 in cancerous tissues is indicative of poor prognosis for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Collectively, our study not only elucidates the regulatory mechanism of DUBs involved in HMGA2 stability and validates USP48 as a potential therapeutic target for CRC, but also identifies DUB-IN-2 as a potent inhibitor of USP48 and a promising candidate for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Hanhui Yao
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Heng Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
- Department of Comprehensive Surgery, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, West District of the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- Anhui Provincial Hospital Health Management Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Zhengyi Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Hejie Hu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Zhengdong Fang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
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9
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Ma X, Wan R, Wen Y, Liu T, Song Y, Zhu Y. Deubiquitinating enzyme OTUD4 regulates metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer by stabilizing Snail1. Exp Cell Res 2024; 434:113864. [PMID: 38040050 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths and remains poorly understood. Deubiquitinase OTU domain containing 4 (OTUD4) has been reported to regulate antiviral immune responses and resistance to radio- or chemo-therapies in certain cancers. However, the role of OTUD4 in cancer metastasis remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the depletion of OTUD4 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells markedly suppress cell clonogenic ability, migration, invasion and cancer stem cell population in vitro as well as metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, the tumor promoting function of OTUD4 is mainly mediated by deuiquitinating and stabilizing Snail1, one key transcriptional factor in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The inhibitory effect of targeting OTUD4 could be largely reversed by the reconstitution of Snail1 in OTUD4-deficient cells. Overall, our study establishes the OTUD4-Snail1 axis as an important regulatory mechanism of breast cancer metastasis and provides a rationale for potential therapeutic interventions in the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqing Ma
- College of Pharmacy/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Wan
- College of Pharmacy/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yalei Wen
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tongzheng Liu
- College of Pharmacy/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical, Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Yingjie Zhu
- College of Pharmacy/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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10
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Meng Y, Hong C, Yang S, Qin Z, Yang L, Huang Y. Roles of USP9X in cellular functions and tumorigenesis (Review). Oncol Lett 2023; 26:506. [PMID: 37920433 PMCID: PMC10618932 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.14093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 9X (USP9X) is involved in certain human diseases, including malignancies, atherosclerosis and certain diseases of the nervous system. USP9X promotes the deubiquitination and stabilization of diverse substrates, thereby exerting a versatile range of effects on pathological and physiological processes. USP9X serves vital roles in the processes of cell survival, invasion and migration in various types of cancer. The present review aims to highlight the current knowledge of USP9X in terms of its structure and the possible mediatory mechanisms involved in certain types of cancer, providing a thorough introduction to its biological functions in carcinogenesis and further outlining its oncogenic or suppressive properties in a diverse range of cancer types. Finally, several perspectives regarding USP9X-targeted pharmacological therapeutics in cancer development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Meng
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Chaojin Hong
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Sifu Yang
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Zhiquan Qin
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Liu Yang
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Yumei Huang
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
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11
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Gao Y, Tang J, Ma X, Zhang C, Huang L, Che J, Wen Y, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Liu T, Zhang H. OTUD4 regulates metastasis and chemoresistance in melanoma by stabilizing Snail1. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:2546-2555. [PMID: 37642406 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer with rapidly increased incidence worldwide especially in the Caucasian population. Surgical excision represents the curative treatment choice in patients with early-stage disease. However, the therapeutic outcomes in patients with metastatic melanoma remains unsatisfactory. Thus, understanding molecular mechanisms contributing to metastasis and chemoresistance is critical for new improved therapies of melanoma. Snail1, an important epithelial-mesenchymal transition transcription factors (EMT-TFs), is critical to induce the EMT process, thereby contributing to cancer metastasis. However, the involvement of Snail1 in melanoma metastasis remains elusive and the underlying mechanism to regulate Snail1 in melanoma needs to be further investigated. Here, we identified OTUD4 as a novel deubiquitinase of Snail1 in melanoma. Moreover, the depletion of OTUD4 in melanoma cells markedly inhibited Snail1 stability and Snail1-driven malignant phenotypes both in vitro and in vivo. Overall, our study establishes OTUD4 as a novel therapeutic target in metastasis and chemoresistance of melanoma by stabilizing Snail1 and provides a rationale for potential therapeutic strategies of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Gao
- International school, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaxin Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease Prevention, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiuqing Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Caishi Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingjing Che
- International school, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yalei Wen
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yinci Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease Prevention, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingjie Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tongzheng Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haoxing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease Prevention, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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12
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Han D, Wang L, Jiang S, Yang Q. The ubiquitin-proteasome system in breast cancer. Trends Mol Med 2023:S1471-4914(23)00096-5. [PMID: 37328395 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a selective proteolytic system that is associated with the expression or function of target proteins and participates in various physiological and pathological processes of breast cancer. Inhibitors targeting the 26S proteasome in combination with other drugs have shown promising therapeutic effects in the clinical treatment of breast cancer. Moreover, several inhibitors/stimulators targeting other UPS components are also effective in preclinical studies, but have not yet been applied in the clinical treatment of breast cancer. Therefore, it is vital to comprehensively understand the functions of ubiquitination in breast cancer and to identify potential tumor promoters or tumor suppressors among UPS family members, with the aim of developing more effective and specific inhibitors/stimulators targeting specific components of this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianwen Han
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Pathology Tissue Bank, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Qifeng Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Pathology Tissue Bank, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Research Institute of Breast Cancer, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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13
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Liu F, Wu Q, Dong Z, Liu K. Integrins in cancer: Emerging mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Pharmacol Ther 2023:108458. [PMID: 37245545 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are vital surface adhesion receptors that mediate the interactions between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cells and are essential for cell migration and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Aberrant integrin activation promotes initial tumor formation, growth, and metastasis. Recently, many lines of evidence have indicated that integrins are highly expressed in numerous cancer types and have documented many functions of integrins in tumorigenesis. Thus, integrins have emerged as attractive targets for the development of cancer therapeutics. In this review, we discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms by which integrins contribute to most of the hallmarks of cancer. We focus on recent progress on integrin regulators, binding proteins, and downstream effectors. We highlight the role of integrins in the regulation of tumor metastasis, immune evasion, metabolic reprogramming, and other hallmarks of cancer. In addition, integrin-targeted immunotherapy and other integrin inhibitors that have been used in preclinical and clinical studies are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Liu
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Zigang Dong
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China; Tianjian Advanced Biomedical Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Kangdong Liu
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China; Tianjian Advanced Biomedical Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Cancer Chemoprevention International Collaboration Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China.
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14
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Wang X, Li W, Lou N, Han W, Hai B, Xiao W, Zhang X. High Expression of DNTTIP1 Predicts Poor Prognosis in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2023; 16:1-14. [PMID: 36636625 PMCID: PMC9831534 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s382843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Invasion and metastasis led to poor prognosis and death of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients. The deoxynucleotidyl transferase terminal interacting protein 1 (DNTTIP1) was reported to promote multiple tumor progression. However, there is no research about DNTTIP1 in ccRCC. Methods Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, multivariate analysis demonstrated the prognostic indicator in overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of ccRCC with DNTTIP1 expression in the Cancer Genome Atlas Kidney Clear Cell Carcinoma (TCGA-KIRC). Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analyzed diagnostic ability of DNTTIP1 in TCGA-KIRC and validation dataset. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) detected the DNTTIP1 expression in renal cancer tissues, and the Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research (CPTAC) verified the protein expression of DNTTIP1. Moreover, nomogram predicted the role of DNTTIP1 in ccRCC patient. Single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (SsGSEA) and GSEA evaluated the pathogenesis role of DNTTIP1 in TCGA-KIRC. Results DNTTIP1 expression was higher in ccRCC tumor tissues. High expression of DNTTIP1 was associated with poor OS (HR = 1.618, P < 0.0001), and poor DFS (HR = 1.789, P < 0.0001). SsGSEA and GSEA showed DNTTIP1 was associated with hypoxia, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, G2M checkpoint. DNTTIP1 had a positive correlation with EMT biomarkers in ccRCC, and might be an effective target for ccRCC. Conclusion This study provided that higher expression of DNTTIP1 predicted poor prognosis in ccRCC, and DNTTIP1 might be a novel detection biomarker and therapeutic target of tumor malignant in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuegang Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiquan Li
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Lou
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Han
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Hai
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Xiao
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Wen Xiao; Bo, Hai, Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430022, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-17088353610, Fax +86 85776343, Email ;
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Wang Y, Liu X, Huang W, Liang J, Chen Y. The intricate interplay between HIFs, ROS, and the ubiquitin system in the tumor hypoxic microenvironment. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 240:108303. [PMID: 36328089 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in protein ubiquitination and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling both contribute to tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Ubiquitination is a dynamic process that is coordinately regulated by E3 ligases and deubiquitinases (DUBs), which have emerged as attractive therapeutic targets. HIF expression and transcriptional activity are usually increased in tumors, leading to poor clinical outcomes. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are upregulated in tumors and have multiple effects on HIF signaling and the ubiquitin system. A growing body of evidence has shown that multiple E3 ligases and UBDs function synergistically to control the expression and activity of HIF, thereby allowing cancer cells to cope with the hypoxic microenvironment. Conversely, several E3 ligases and DUBs are regulated by hypoxia and/or HIF signaling. Hypoxia also induces ROS production, which in turn modulates the stability or activity of HIF, E3 ligases, and DUBs. Understanding the complex networks between E3 ligase, DUBs, ROS, and HIF will provide insights into the fundamental mechanism of the cellular response to hypoxia and help identify novel molecular targets for cancer treatment. We review the current knowledge on the comprehensive relationship between E3 ligase, DUBs, ROS, and HIF signaling, with a particular focus on the use of E3 ligase or DUB inhibitors in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Center for Cell Structure and Function, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Xiong Liu
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Weixiao Huang
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Junjie Liang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China.
| | - Yan Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Center for Cell Structure and Function, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China; School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.
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