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Kast RE. IC Regimen: Delaying Resistance to Lorlatinib in ALK Driven Cancers by Adding Repurposed Itraconazole and Cilostazol. Cells 2024; 13:1175. [PMID: 39056757 PMCID: PMC11274432 DOI: 10.3390/cells13141175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lorlatinib is a pharmaceutical ALK kinase inhibitor used to treat ALK driven non-small cell lung cancers. This paper analyses the intersection of past published data on the physiological consequences of two unrelated drugs from general medical practice-itraconazole and cilostazol-with the pathophysiology of ALK positive non-small cell lung cancer. A conclusion from that data analysis is that adding itraconazole and cilostazol may make lorlatinib more effective. Itraconazole, although marketed worldwide as a generic antifungal drug, also inhibits Hedgehog signaling, Wnt signaling, hepatic CYP3A4, and the p-gp efflux pump. Cilostazol, marketed worldwide as a generic thrombosis preventative drug, acts by inhibiting phosphodiesterase 3, and, by so doing, lowers platelets' adhesion, thereby partially depriving malignant cells of the many tumor trophic growth factors supplied by platelets. Itraconazole may enhance lorlatinib effectiveness by (i) reducing or stopping a Hedgehog-ALK amplifying feedback loop, by (ii) increasing lorlatinib's brain levels by p-gp inhibition, and by (iii) inhibiting growth drive from Wnt signaling. Cilostazol, surprisingly, carries minimal bleeding risk, lower than that of aspirin. Risk/benefit assessment of the combination of metastatic ALK positive lung cancer being a low-survival disease with the predicted safety of itraconazole-cilostazol augmentation of lorlatinib favors a trial of this drug trio in ALK positive lung cancer.
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Troisi N, Bertagna G, Juszczak M, Canovaro F, Torri L, Adami D, Berchiolli R. Emergent management of diabetic foot problems in the modern era: Improving outcomes. Semin Vasc Surg 2023; 36:224-233. [PMID: 37330236 DOI: 10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2023.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Limb amputation is a consequence, and the leading complication, of diabetic foot ulcers. Prevention depends on prompt diagnosis and management. Patients should be managed by multidisciplinary teams and efforts should be focused on limb salvage ("time is tissue"). The diabetic foot service should be organized in a way to meet the patient's clinical needs, with the diabetic foot centers at the highest level of this structure. Surgical management should be multimodal and include not only revascularization, but also surgical and biological debridement, minor amputations, and advanced wound therapy. Medical treatment, including an adequate antimicrobial therapy, has a key role in the eradication of infection and should be guided by microbiologists and infection disease physicians with special interest in bone infection. Input from diabetologists, radiologists, orthopedic teams (foot and ankle), orthotists, podiatrists, physiotherapists, and prosthetics, as well as psychological counseling, is required to make the service comprehensive. After the acute phase, a well-structured, pragmatic follow-up program is necessary to adequately manage the patients with the aim to detect earlier potential failures of the revascularization or antimicrobial therapy. Considering the cost and societal impact of diabetic foot problems, health care providers should provide resources to manage the burden of diabetic foot problems in the modern era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Troisi
- Vascular Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giulia Bertagna
- Vascular Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maciej Juszczak
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Francesco Canovaro
- Vascular Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Torri
- Vascular Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniele Adami
- Vascular Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Raffaella Berchiolli
- Vascular Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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Katsiki N, Tentolouris N, Marakomichelakis G, Richter D, Giannoukas A, Koufaki P, Papanas N. Real world data from a multi-centre study on the effects of cilostazol on pain symptoms and walking distance in patients with peripheral arterial disease. BMC Res Notes 2022; 15:373. [PMID: 36536424 PMCID: PMC9764459 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-06264-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to assess the effects of cilostazol on pain-free walking distance in PAD patients with IC at 3 and 6 months in a real world, prospective, observational study. We included 1015 PAD patients presenting with IC (71.3% men, 93.5% white, mean age 69.2 ± 8.7 years). Patients were followed up for 6 months by their physicians. RESULTS Cilostazol significantly increased pain-free walking distance by a median of 285 and 387 m at 3 and 6 months, respectively (p < 0.01 for all comparisons). This effect was significant for patients 50-74 years (but not for those aged ≥ 75 years) and independent of smoking status, changes in physical activity, comorbidities and concomitant medication for PAD (i.e., acetylsalicylic acid and clopidogrel). Furthermore, significant reductions were observed in systolic (from 139 ± 16 to 133 ± 14 mmHg; p < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (from 84 ± 9 mmHg to 80 ± 10 mmHg; p < 0.001). Smoking cessation and increased physical activity were reported by the majority of participants. In conclusion, cilostazol was shown to safely decrease pain symptoms and improve pain-free walking in PAD patients with IC in a real world setting. Benefits also occurred in terms of BP and lifestyle changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Katsiki
- grid.449057.b0000 0004 0416 1485Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece ,grid.440838.30000 0001 0642 7601School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Nikolaos Tentolouris
- grid.5216.00000 0001 2155 0800First Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Marakomichelakis
- grid.414655.70000 0004 4670 4329Fourth Department of Internal Medicine and Angiology Unit, Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Richter
- grid.459474.fCardiac Department, Euroclinic Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Giannoukas
- grid.410558.d0000 0001 0035 6670Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Nikolaos Papanas
- grid.12284.3d0000 0001 2170 8022Diabetic Foot Clinic, Diabetes Centre, Second Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Zou C, Liu L, Huang C, Hu S. Baiying qingmai formulation ameliorates thromboangiitis obliterans by inhibiting HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB signaling pathways. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1018438. [PMID: 36304158 PMCID: PMC9592700 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1018438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Baiying Qingmai Formulation (BF) is a classical clinical prescription used for decades to treat thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO). Although it effectively relieves pain and ischemic ulcers in patients with TAO, its anti-TAO mechanisms remain unclear. The chemical components of BF were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography and the potential targets of the compounds identified in BF were analyzed using molecular docking. Further, the signaling pathways and molecular mechanism of BF in treating TAO were studied using a rat model of TAO. Seven compounds (gallic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, paeoniflorin, quercetin, and paeonol) were identified in BF, and molecular docking predicted their high affinities with HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB proteins. In in vivo studies, BF not only inhibited the protein expression of HMGB1, RAGE, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1; mRNA levels of HMGB1 and RAGE; and the phosphorylation of NF-κB, ERK, Janus kinase (JNK) and p38 MAPK in the femoral artery, but also reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, HMGB1) and stable metabolite (TXB2) of cytokine promoting thrombosis (TXA2) in the plasma. Moreover, BF stimulated the secretion of stable metabolite (6-keto-PGF1α) of cytokine inhibiting thrombosis (PGI2) in the plasma. BF inhibited the inflammatory response and thrombosis in the femoral artery, thus reducing the degree of vascular occlusion, which alleviated the symptoms in rats with TAO. Our findings suggest that BF ameliorates TAO by inhibiting the activation of the ERK, JNK, p38 MAPK and HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB signaling pathways, thereby providing novel ideas for the treatment of TAO and essential information for the further development and utilization of BF as a promising drug to treat TAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongchong Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuanqi Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, China
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Song Hu,
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Taylor J, Stiepel HR, Keefe N. Anticoagulation and Antiplatelet Agents in Peripheral Arterial Interventions. Semin Intervent Radiol 2022; 39:364-372. [PMID: 36406033 PMCID: PMC9671689 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Effective revascularization of peripheral artery disease relies on periprocedural pharmacological regulation of the clotting cascade. Patient-specific factors such as cardiovascular risk factors, contraindications, and individual psychosocial factors must be considered when initiating post revascularization management. Management with anticoagulant and antiplatelet agents is discussed to guide the interventionalist on which therapy may be appropriate for their patient. While exact treatment may be institution and provider dependent, the interventionist must be familiar with the available classes of medications and how they can be prescribed in the postprocedural setting to improve cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Taylor
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Henry R. Stiepel
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Nicole Keefe
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Efficacy and Safety of SID142 in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Active-Controlled, Parallel-Group, Phase III Clinical Trial. Clin Ther 2022; 44:508-528. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2022.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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