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Alsoud D, Moes DJAR, Wang Z, Soenen R, Layegh Z, Barclay M, Mizuno T, Minichmayr IK, Keizer RJ, Wicha SG, Wolbink G, Lambert J, Vermeire S, de Vries A, Papamichael K, Padullés-Zamora N, Dreesen E. Best Practice for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Infliximab: Position Statement from the International Association of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology. Ther Drug Monit 2024; 46:291-308. [PMID: 38648666 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000001204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infliximab, an anti-tumor necrosis factor monoclonal antibody, has revolutionized the pharmacological management of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs). This position statement critically reviews and examines existing data on therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of infliximab in patients with IMIDs. It provides a practical guide on implementing TDM in current clinical practices and outlines priority areas for future research. METHODS The endorsing TDM of Biologics and Pharmacometrics Committees of the International Association of TDM and Clinical Toxicology collaborated to create this position statement. RESULTS Accumulating data support the evidence for TDM of infliximab in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases, with limited investigation in other IMIDs. A universal approach to TDM may not fully realize the benefits of improving therapeutic outcomes. Patients at risk for increased infliximab clearance, particularly with a proactive strategy, stand to gain the most from TDM. Personalized exposure targets based on therapeutic goals, patient phenotype, and infliximab administration route are recommended. Rapid assays and home sampling strategies offer flexibility for point-of-care TDM. Ongoing studies on model-informed precision dosing in inflammatory bowel disease will help assess the additional value of precision dosing software tools. Patient education and empowerment, and electronic health record-integrated TDM solutions will facilitate routine TDM implementation. Although optimization of therapeutic effectiveness is a primary focus, the cost-reducing potential of TDM also merits consideration. CONCLUSIONS Successful implementation of TDM for infliximab necessitates interdisciplinary collaboration among clinicians, hospital pharmacists, and (quantitative) clinical pharmacologists to ensure an efficient research trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahham Alsoud
- Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Jan A R Moes
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rani Soenen
- Dermatology Research Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zohra Layegh
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Murray Barclay
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Clinical Pharmacology, Christchurch Hospital, Te Whatu Ora Waitaha and University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Tomoyuki Mizuno
- Division of Translational and Clinical Pharmacology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Iris K Minichmayr
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Sebastian G Wicha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gertjan Wolbink
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center Location Reade, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jo Lambert
- Dermatology Research Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Séverine Vermeire
- Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annick de Vries
- Sanquin Diagnostic Services, Pharma & Biotech Services, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Konstantinos Papamichael
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology, Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Núria Padullés-Zamora
- Department of Pharmacy, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; and
- School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Erwin Dreesen
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Papamichael K, Noor NM, Cheifetz AS. Preactive therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM): time to redefine TDM. Scand J Gastroenterol 2024:1-2. [PMID: 38756015 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2024.2355505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Papamichael
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nurulamin M Noor
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Adam S Cheifetz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Desai D. Therapeutic drug monitoring in inflammatory bowel disease: A practical approach. Indian J Gastroenterol 2024; 43:93-102. [PMID: 38329599 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-024-01527-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The global burden of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is estimated at 4.9 million and the global prevalence exceeds 0.3%. Multiple newer therapeutic agents have broadened the options for the therapy of IBD in the last three decades. Thiopurines, however, have retained their place as maintenance therapy in IBD, especially in resource-constrained setting. But thiopurines have narrow therapeutic range, often needing discontinuation due to side effects or lack of efficacy. Biologic agents revolutionized the treatment of IBD, but the efficacy is lost in 50% of patient after one year. These outcomes are often due to inadequate drug concentrations that may lead to the development of antibodies as well as pharmacodynamic failure. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) was proposed to reduce loss of response and to optimize the therapy in patients on thiopurine and biologic therapy. TDM is based on exposure-response relationship, suggesting a positive correlation between elevated serum anti-TNF concentrations and favorable therapeutic outcomes. TDM has multiple facets. This article discusses the benefits, evidence and limitations of TDM. The practical use of TDM in clinical practice is highlighted. Newer developments in the field and their relevance in practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Desai
- P D Hinduja Hospital, Veer Savarkar Marg, Mahim, Mumbai, 400 016, India.
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Claßen M, Hoerning A. Current Role of Monoclonal Antibody Therapy in Pediatric IBD: A Special Focus on Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Treat-to-Target Strategies. CHILDREN 2023; 10:children10040634. [PMID: 37189883 DOI: 10.3390/children10040634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
In the last two decades, biologicals have become essential in treating children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease. TNF-α inhibitors (infliximab, adalimumab and golimumab) are preferentially used. Recent studies suggest that early application of TNF-α inhibitors is beneficial to inducing disease remission and preventing complications such as development of penetrating ulcers and fistulas. However, treatment failure occurs in about one third of pediatric patients. Particularly, children and adolescents differ in drug clearance, emphasizing the importance of pharmacokinetic drug monitoring in the pediatric setting. Here, current data on the choice and effectiveness of biologicals and therapeutic drug monitoring strategies are reviewed.
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90K/Mac-2 BP Is a New Predictive Biomarker of Response to Infliximab Therapy in IBD Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043955. [PMID: 36835367 PMCID: PMC9966915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), comprising Crohn's disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC), are multifactorial disorders characterized by a chronic inflammatory status with the secretion of cytokines and immune mediators. Biologic drugs targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as infliximab, are broadly used in the treatment of IBD patients, but some patients lose responsiveness after an initial success. The research into new biomarkers is crucial for advancing personalized therapies and monitoring the response to biologics. The aim of this single center, observational study is to analyze the relationship between serum levels of 90K/Mac-2 BP and the response to infliximab, in a cohort of 48 IBD patients (30 CD and 18 UC), enrolled from February 2017 to December 2018. In our IBD cohort, high 90K serum levels were found at baseline in patients who then developed anti-infliximab antibodies at the fifth infusion (22 weeks after the first), becoming non-responders (9.76 ± 4.65 µg/mL compared to 6.53 ± 3.29 µg/mL in responder patients, p = 0.005). This difference was significant in the total cohort and in CD, but not significant in UC. We then analyzed the relationship between serum levels of 90K, C-reactive protein (CRP), and Fecal calprotectin. A significant positive correlation was found at baseline between 90K and CRP, the most common serum inflammation marker (R = 0.42, p = 0.0032). We concluded that circulating 90K could be considered a new non-invasive biomarker for monitoring the response to infliximab. Furthermore, 90K serum level determination, before the first infliximab infusion, in association with other inflammatory markers such as CRP, could assist in the choice of biologics for the treatment of IBD patients, thereby obviating the need for a drug switch due to loss of response, and so improving clinical practice and patient care.
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