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Weiss M, Siegmund W. Dependence of Bioavailability on Mean Absorption Time: What Does It Tell Us? AAPS J 2023; 25:36. [PMID: 37016156 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-023-00803-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The extent and rate of bioavailability are fundamental measures to characterize the pharmacokinetics of drugs after oral administration. Together with bioavailability (F), the mean absorption time (MAT) can be used to define the rate of bioavailability, i.e., the rate of drug absorption. Previous results suggest that F may depend on MAT. Estimates of F and MAT were obtained from the input function (sum of two inverse Gaussian functions) used to model the oral absorption process. The estimation was performed by population analysis (nonlinear mixed-effects modeling) based on data from bioavailability studies in healthy volunteers. For trospium and ketamine, F decreased significantly with increasing MAT, while for propiverine, a significant increase was observed. Thus, the interindividual variability in F could be largely attributed to the interindividual variability in MAT. For trospium and propiverine, the relative dispersion (normalized variance) of the absorption time distribution increased significantly with MAT. For trospium and propiverine, the plot of F versus MAT provides information about the effect of gastrointestinal transit on drug absorption. In contrast, an increase in hepatic extraction with increasing MAT is responsible for the dependence of F on MAT. The F versus MAT plot is suggested as a simple diagnostic tool in evaluating the results of bioavailability studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Weiss
- Department of Pharmacology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06097, Halle, Germany
| | - Werner Siegmund
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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2
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Weiss M, D'Argenio DZ, Siegmund W. Analysis of Complex Absorption After Multiple Dosing: Application to the Interaction Between the P-glycoprotein Substrate Talinolol and Rifampicin. Pharm Res 2022; 39:3293-3300. [PMID: 36163409 PMCID: PMC9780127 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03397-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In order to clarify the effect of rifampicin on the bioavailability of the P-glycoprotein substrate talinolol, its absorption kinetics was modeled after multiple-dose oral administration of talinolol in healthy subjects. METHODS A sum of two inverse Gaussian functions was used to calculate the time course of the input rate into the systemic circulation. RESULTS The estimated rate of drug entry into the systemic circulation revealed two distinct peaks at 1 and 3.5 h after administration. Rifampicin did not affect bioavailability of talinolol, but did shift the second peak of the input function by 1.3 h to later times. Elimination clearance and one of the intercompartmental distribution clearances increased significantly under rifampicin treatment. CONCLUSIONS Rifampicin changes the time course of absorption rate but not the fraction absorbed of talinolol. The model suggests the existence of two intestinal absorption windows for talinolol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Weiss
- Department of Pharmacology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
| | - David Z D'Argenio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Werner Siegmund
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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3
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Weitschies W, Müller L, Grimm M, Koziolek M. Ingestible devices for studying the gastrointestinal physiology and their application in oral biopharmaceutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113853. [PMID: 34192551 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ingestible sensor systems are unique tools for obtaining physiological data from an undisturbed gastrointestinal tract. Since their dimensions correspond to monolithic oral dosage forms, such as enteric coated tablets or hydrogel matrix tablets, they also allow insights into the physiological conditions experienced by non-disintegrating dosage forms on their way through the gastrointestinal tract. In this work, the different ingestible sensor systems which can be used for this purpose are described and their potential applications as well as difficulties and pitfalls with respect to their use are presented. It is also highlighted how the data on transit times, pH, temperature and pressure as well as the data from different animal models commonly used in drug product development such as dogs and pigs have contributed to a deeper mechanistic understanding of oral drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Weitschies
- Institute of Pharmacy, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Laura Müller
- Institute of Pharmacy, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Grimm
- Institute of Pharmacy, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mirko Koziolek
- NCE Formulation Sciences, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany
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Gudin J, Fudin J. Peripheral Opioid Receptor Antagonists for Opioid-Induced Constipation: A Primer on Pharmacokinetic Variabilities with a Focus on Drug Interactions. J Pain Res 2020; 13:447-456. [PMID: 32158255 PMCID: PMC7049282 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s220859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioid analgesics remain a treatment option for refractory acute and chronic pain, despite their potential risk for abuse and adverse events (AEs). Opioids are associated with several common AEs, but the most bothersome is opioid-induced constipation (OIC). OIC is often overlooked but has the potential to affect patient quality of life, increase associated symptom burden, and impede long-term opioid compliance. The peripherally acting µ-receptor antagonists (PAMORAs) are a class of drugs that include methylnaltrexone, naloxegol, and naldemedine. Collectively, each is approved for the treatment of OIC. PAMORAs work peripherally in the gastrointestinal tract, without impacting the central analgesic effects of opioids. However, each has unique pharmacokinetic properties that may be impacted by coadministered drugs or food. This review focuses on important metabolic and pharmacokinetic principals that are pertinent to drug interactions involving µ-opioid receptor antagonists prescribed for OIC. It highlights subtle differences among the PAMORAs that may have clinical significance. For example, unlike naloxegol or naldemedine, methylnaltrexone is not a substrate for CYP3A4 or p-glycoprotein; therefore, its plasma concentration is not altered when coadministered with concomitant medications that are CYP3A4 or p-glycoprotein inducers or inhibitors. With a better understanding of pharmacokinetic nuances of each PAMORA, clinicians will be better equipped to identify potential safety and efficacy considerations that may arise when PAMORAs are coadministered with other medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Gudin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood, NJ, USA
| | - Jeffrey Fudin
- Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY, USA
- Western New England University College of Pharmacy, Springfield, MA, USA
- Remitigate, LLC, Delmar, NY, USA
- Stratton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
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5
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Serra J, Pohl D, Azpiroz F, Chiarioni G, Ducrotté P, Gourcerol G, Hungin APS, Layer P, Mendive JM, Pfeifer J, Rogler G, Scott SM, Simrén M, Whorwell P. European society of neurogastroenterology and motility guidelines on functional constipation in adults. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 32:e13762. [PMID: 31756783 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic constipation is a common disorder with a reported prevalence ranging from 3% to 27% in the general population. Several management strategies, including diagnostic tests, empiric treatments, and specific treatments, have been developed. Our aim was to develop European guidelines for the clinical management of constipation. DESIGN After a thorough review of the literature by experts in relevant fields, including gastroenterologists, surgeons, general practitioners, radiologists, and experts in gastrointestinal motility testing from various European countries, a Delphi consensus process was used to produce statements and practical algorithms for the management of chronic constipation. KEY RESULTS Seventy-three final statements were agreed upon after the Delphi process. The level of evidence for most statements was low or very low. A high level of evidence was agreed only for anorectal manometry as a comprehensive evaluation of anorectal function and for treatment with osmotic laxatives, especially polyethylene glycol, the prokinetic drug prucalopride, secretagogues, such as linaclotide and lubiprostone and PAMORAs for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation. However, the level of agreement between the authors was good for most statements (80% or more of the authors). The greatest disagreement was related to the surgical management of constipation. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES European guidelines on chronic constipation, with recommendations and algorithms, were developed by experts. Despite the high level of agreement between the different experts, the level of scientific evidence for most recommendations was low, highlighting the need for future research to increase the evidence and improve treatment outcomes in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Serra
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Badalona, Spain.,Motility and Functional Gut Disorders Unit, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Daniel Pohl
- Division of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fernando Azpiroz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Badalona, Spain.,Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Chiarioni
- Division of Gastroenterology B, AOUI Verona, Verona, Italy.,UNC Center for Functional GI and Motility Disorders, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Philippe Ducrotté
- Department of Gastroenterology, UMR INSERM 1073, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Guillaume Gourcerol
- Department of Physiology, UMR INSERM 1073 & CIC INSERM 1404, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - A Pali S Hungin
- General Practice, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Peter Layer
- Department of Medicine, Israelitic Hospital, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Juan-Manuel Mendive
- Sant Adrià de Besòs (Barcelona) Catalan Institut of Health (ICS), La Mina Primary Health Care Centre, Badalona, Spain
| | - Johann Pfeifer
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Division of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Mark Scott
- Neurogastroenterology Group, Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts, UK.,The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Magnus Simrén
- Department of Internal Medicine & Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Whorwell
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Gastroenterology, Neurogastroenterology Unit, Wythenshawe Hospital, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Simultaneous Quantitative Analysis of Clarithromycin and Ranitidine, Probe Inhibitors of P-Glycoprotein and OCT1, to Evaluate Potential Pharmacokinetic Influence of Potential Transporter Substrates. Chromatographia 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-019-03809-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Vera G, Girón R, Martín-Fontelles MI, Abalo R. Radiographic dose-dependency study of loperamide effects on gastrointestinal motor function in the rat. Temporal relationship with nausea-like behavior. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 31:e13621. [PMID: 31117152 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loperamide is a potent mu opioid receptor agonist available over the counter to treat diarrhea. Although at therapeutic doses loperamide is devoid of central effects, it may exert them if used at high doses or combined with drugs that increase its systemic and/or central bioavailability. Recently, public health and scientific interest on loperamide has increased due to a growing trend of misuse and abuse, and consequent reports on its toxicity. Our aim was to evaluate in the rat the effects of increasing loperamide doses, with increasing likelihood to induce central effects, on gastrointestinal motor function (including gastric dysmotility and nausea-like behavior). METHODS Male Wistar rats received an intraperitoneal injection of vehicle or loperamide (0.1, 1, or 10 mg kg-1 ). Three sets of experiments were performed to evaluate: (a) central effects (somatic nociceptive thresholds, immobility time, core temperature, spontaneous locomotor activity); (b) general gastrointestinal motility (serial X-rays were taken 0-8 hours after intragastric barium administration and analyzed semiquantitatively, morphometrically, and densitometrically); and (c) bedding intake (a rodent indirect marker of nausea). Animals from sets 1 and 3 were used to evaluate gastric dysmotility ex vivo at 2 and 4 hours after administration, respectively. KEY RESULTS Loperamide significantly induced antinociception, hypothermia, and hypolocomotion (but not catalepsy) at high doses and dose-dependently reduced gastrointestinal motor function, with the intestine exhibiting higher sensitivity than the stomach. Whereas bedding intake occurred early and transiently, gastric dysmotility was much more persistent. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES Our results suggest that loperamide-induced nausea and gastric dysmotility might be temporally dissociated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Vera
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain.,Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Tratamiento del Dolor (i+DOL), Alcorcón, Spain.,Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Química Médica (IQM), Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Girón
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain.,Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Tratamiento del Dolor (i+DOL), Alcorcón, Spain.,Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Química Médica (IQM), Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Isabel Martín-Fontelles
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain.,Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Tratamiento del Dolor (i+DOL), Alcorcón, Spain.,Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Química Médica (IQM), Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Abalo
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain.,Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Tratamiento del Dolor (i+DOL), Alcorcón, Spain.,Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Química Médica (IQM), Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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8
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Abebe BT, Weiss M, Modess C, Roustom T, Tadken T, Wegner D, Schwantes U, Neumeister C, Schulz HU, Scheuch E, Siegmund W. Effects of the P-Glycoprotein Inhibitor Clarithromycin on the Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous and Oral Trospium Chloride: A 4-Way Crossover Drug-Drug Interaction Study in Healthy Subjects. J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 59:1319-1330. [PMID: 30973998 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The quaternary ammonium compound trospium chloride is poorly absorbed from 2 "absorption windows" in the jejunum and cecum/ascending colon, respectively. To confirm whether intestinal P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is involved, a 4-period, crossover drug interaction study with trospium chloride after intravenous (2 mg) and oral administration (30 mg) without and after comedication of clarithromycin (500 mg), an inhibitor for P-gp, was initiated in 12 healthy subjects. Pharmacokinetics of trospium was evaluated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, noncompartmental evaluation, and pharmacokinetic modeling. Trospium chloride was poorly absorbed after oral administration (absolute bioavailability, ∼8%-10%). About 30% of the bioavailable dose fraction was absorbed from the "narrow window". Comedication with clarithromycin increased steady-state distribution volumes by ∼27% (P < .01). Bioavailability was not increased as hypothesized. The geometric mean ratios (90% confidence interval) for area under the plasma concentration-time curve, maximum concentration, and renal clearance accounted for 0.75 (0.56-1.01), 0.64 (0.45-0.89), and 1.00 (0.90-1.13), respectively. The amount of trospium absorbed from the "narrow window" was reduced in all subjects but from the "wider window" in only 9 of them. Bioavailability was strongly predicted by the maximum absorption rate of trospium in the distal "window" (rs2 = 0.910, P < .0001). In conclusion, the P-gp inhibitor clarithromycin significantly increases distribution volumes but not oral absorption of trospium. The amount absorbed from the "narrow window" was lowered in all subjects. However, the extent of all influences seems not to be of clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayew Tsega Abebe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Weiss
- Department of Pharmacology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| | - Christiane Modess
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tarek Roustom
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tobias Tadken
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Danilo Wegner
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schwantes
- Department Medical Science/Clinical Research, Dr. Pfleger Arzneimittel GmbH, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Neumeister
- Department Medical Science/Clinical Research, Dr. Pfleger Arzneimittel GmbH, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Schulz
- LAFAA, Laboratory for Contract Research in Clinical Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutical Analytics GmbH, Bad Schwartau, Germany
| | - Eberhard Scheuch
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Werner Siegmund
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Juárez E, Ruiz A, Cortez O, Sada E, Torres M. Antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activity induced by loperamide in mycobacterial infections. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 65:29-36. [PMID: 30268801 PMCID: PMC7185470 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Loperamide modulates macrophages immune responses towards mycobacteria. Loperamide is an immunoregulator of inflammation during mycobacterial infection. Loperamide induces immunomodulatory responses and bactericidal mechanisms. The activation of opioid receptors by loperamide is involved in its immunomodulatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmeralda Juárez
- Investigación en Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Sección XVI, México City 1408, Mexico
| | - Andy Ruiz
- Investigación en Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Sección XVI, México City 1408, Mexico
| | - Omar Cortez
- Investigación en Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Sección XVI, México City 1408, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Sada
- Investigación en Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Sección XVI, México City 1408, Mexico
| | - Martha Torres
- Investigación en Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Sección XVI, México City 1408, Mexico.
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10
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Mozaffari S, Nikfar S, Abdollahi M. Methylnaltrexone bromide for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2018; 19:1127-1135. [DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2018.1491549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shilan Mozaffari
- Division of Pharmaceutical and Narcotic Affaire, Vice Chancellor for Food and Drug, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Shekoufeh Nikfar
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Policy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-ninth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2016 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior, and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia, stress and social status, tolerance and dependence, learning and memory, eating and drinking, drug abuse and alcohol, sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology, mental illness and mood, seizures and neurologic disorders, electrical-related activity and neurophysiology, general activity and locomotion, gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions, cardiovascular responses, respiration and thermoregulation, and immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and CUNY Neuroscience Collaborative, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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12
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Keiser M, Kaltheuner L, Wildberg C, Müller J, Grube M, Partecke LI, Heidecke CD, Oswald S. The Organic Anion–Transporting Peptide 2B1 Is Localized in the Basolateral Membrane of the Human Jejunum and Caco-2 Monolayers. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:2657-2663. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Abstract
Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive 5 to 6 well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committees. Subscribers also receive monthly 1-page summary monographs on agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation/medication use evaluation (DUE/MUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are available online to subscribers. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of a facility. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. For more information about The Formulary Monograph Service, contact Wolters Kluwer customer service at 866-397-3433. The September 2017 monograph topics are brigatinib, durvalumab, edaravone, midostaurin, and sarilumab. The MUE is on sarilumab.
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Kolbow J, Weitschies W, Siegmund W. Rapid Tolerance to Constipating Effects of Loperamide in Healthy Subjects. J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 56:248-9. [PMID: 26780488 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kolbow
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Werner Weitschies
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Werner Siegmund
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
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15
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Ruan X, Bydalek K. Extended-Release but Not Immediate-Release and Subcutaneous Methylnaltrexone Antagonizes the Loperamide-Induced Delay of the Whole-Gut Transit Time in Healthy Subjects. J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 56:246-7. [PMID: 26780487 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiulu Ruan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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