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Ectopia Cordis: Case of an Early Diagnosis and Review of Literature. JOURNAL OF FETAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40556-022-00352-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Kahveci B, Melekoglu R, Deger U, Demir SC. Prenatal diagnosis of a rare isolated thoracic-type ectopia cordis with complete form: a case report. J Ultrasound 2022; 25:305-308. [DOI: 10.1007/s40477-020-00496-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to describe the imaging findings associated with complex fetal abdominal wall defects and provide an algorithmic method for arriving at a final diagnosis. CONCLUSION. Fetal ventral abdominal wall defects are a complex group of conditions with a broad spectrum of associated multisystem anomalies and manifestations. Correct characterization and classification of these defects require not only familiarity with imaging findings but also a systematic approach to avoid diagnostic confusion.
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Patil AR, Praveen LS, Ambica V. Pentalogy of Cantrell: a case report. BJR Case Rep 2015; 1:20140002. [PMID: 30363170 PMCID: PMC6159125 DOI: 10.1259/bjrcr.20140002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pentalogy of Cantrell is a rare condition comprising anterior diaphragmatic defect, ventral abdominal wall defect, pericardial defect, intracardiac anomalies and lower sternal defect. Both sporadic and genetic causes are proposed. Prognosis depends on the severity of the defects and the associated cardiac anomalies. Two-dimensional sonography is sufficient for the diagnosis of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Patil
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Apollo Hospitals, Bangalore, India
| | - L S Praveen
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Clumax Diagnostics, Bangalore, India
| | - V Ambica
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Clumax Diagnostics, Bangalore, India
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Diagnosis of pentalogy of cantrell in the first trimester using transvaginal sonography and color Doppler. Case Rep Obstet Gynecol 2015; 2015:179298. [PMID: 25802780 PMCID: PMC4352946 DOI: 10.1155/2015/179298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the prenatal diagnosis of Cantrell syndrome in the first trimester. During a routine transabdominal ultrasonographic examination, a midline supraumbilical abdominal wall defect including herniated liver and ectopia cordis with a large omphalocele containing the intestines and cystic hygroma was incidentally identified at the 12th week of gestation. A transvaginal sonography examination revealed a severe lumbosacral scoliosis in addition to the inability to visualize the abdominal aorta which was indicative of a severe intracardiac defect. The parents opted for pregnancy to be terminated. In this case report, we discuss the complementary role of transvaginal sonography and Doppler imaging in the diagnosis of Cantrell syndrome in early pregnancy.
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Pirasteh A, Carcano C, Kirsch J, Mohammed TLH. Pentalogy of Cantrell with Ectopia Cordis: CT Findings. J Radiol Case Rep 2014; 8:29-34. [PMID: 25926914 DOI: 10.3941/jrcr.v8i12.1972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A 14-month-old girl with pentalogy of Cantrell, a very rare congenital syndrome characterized by an epigastric omphalocele and malformations of the heart, sternum, pericardium, and diaphragm, underwent echocardiography and multidetector computed tomography before surgical repair of these deformities was attempted. These tests revealed multiple cardiovascular and noncardiovascular abnormalities. After surgery, the patient's cardiovascular status was stable. Although studies have shown that echocardiography, multidetector computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging may each play a role in the diagnosis and management of this condition, there are few data available to support the use of one imaging modality over another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Pirasteh
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Carolina Carcano
- Department of Radiology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, Florida, USA
| | - Jacobo Kirsch
- Department of Radiology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, Florida, USA
| | - Tan-Lucien H Mohammed
- Department of Radiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Abstract
Pentalogy of Cantrell (PC) is a rare congenital anomaly involving defects in the anterior diaphragm, supraumbilical abdominal wall, diaphragmatic pericardium, and lower sternum, and other congenital intracardiac abnormalities. Here, we report the case of a newborn infant who was born at 32 weeks of gestation and had all 5 features of PC, in addition to absent kidneys and a deformed left hand. Medical intervention would not be able to save the patient, so we allowed her to die in peace. We discuss here the etiology, prenatal diagnosis, and severity of and the mortality associated with this condition. To our knowledge, this was the first reported case of PC in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Saeed Azhar
- Dr. Ahmad Saeed Azhar, Department of Pediatrics,, Faculty of Medicine,, King Abdulaziz University,, PO Box 100554, Jeddah 21311,, Saudi Arabia, T: 966555540500, ,
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Di Spiezio Sardo A, Paladini D, Zizolfi B, Spinelli M, Nappi C. Pentalogy of Cantrell: embryofetoscopic diagnosis. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2013; 20:248-51. [PMID: 23465262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2012.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Embryofetoscopy is an endoscopic technique that permits a direct visualization and morphologic study of embryos during the first and early second trimester. We report the early prenatal diagnosis of a case of Pentalogy of Cantrell combining data obtained by 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional ultrasonography and embryofetoscopy. Morphologic examination focused on a large omphalocele protruding from the anterior abdominal wall as an oval pulsating mass, measuring approximately 3 cm. The visualization of an omphalocele with ectopia cordis without other malformations confirmed the diagnosis of Pentalogy of Cantrell (class III). Currently, embryofetoscopy allows direct visualization of the embryo in vivo, enabling accurate diagnosis of developmental defects and yielding additional insights into developmental disorders in the embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attilio Di Spiezio Sardo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Pathophysiology of Reproduction, University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy.
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Ergenoğlu MA, Yeniel AÖ, Peker N, Kazandı M, Akercan F, Sağol S. Prenatal diagnosis of Cantrell pentalogy in first trimester screening: case report and review of literature. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc 2012; 13:145-8. [PMID: 24592026 DOI: 10.5152/jtgga.2011.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pentalogy of Cantrell is a heterogeneous and rare thoraco-abdominal wall closure defect with the estimated prevalence of 1/65.000 to 1/200.000 births. Supraumbilical midline wall defect (generally omphalocele), deficiency of the anterior diaphragm and diaphragmatic peritoneum, defect of the lower sternum and several intracardiac defects are the components of Cantrell pentalogy. Etiology is unknown but a defect on the lateral mesoderm during the early stage of pregnancy is the most accepted hypothesis. Nowadays both 2- dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) sonography are commonly used in diagnosis. In our case, a fetus with 11 weeks of gestation was reported as Cantrell pentalogy during first trimester screening. Additionally, unilateral limb defect and lumbar lordoscoliosis were detected through 3D sonography. Pregnancy was terminated according to parental desire. Karyotype was 46 XY. Early diagnosis is feasible in the first trimester if ectopia cordis and omphalocele exist. Additionally, development in ultrasound technology provides us with better visualization and early diagnosis. Prognosis seems to be poor in patients with complete Cantrell syndrome and patients with associated anomalies. Termination is the choice of treatment. Early diagnosis gives us a chance to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality related to termination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mete Ahmet Ergenoğlu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - A Özgür Yeniel
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Nuri Peker
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Mert Kazandı
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Fuat Akercan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Sermet Sağol
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
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Hannoun A, Usta IM, Sawaya F, Nassar AH. First trimester sonographic diagnosis of ectopia cordis: a case report and review of the literature. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2011; 24:867-9. [DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2010.531306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Rodgers EB, Monteagudo A, Santos R, Greco A, Timor-Tritsch IE. Diagnosis of pentalogy of Cantrell using 2- and 3-dimensional sonography. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2010; 29:1825-1828. [PMID: 21098854 DOI: 10.7863/jum.2010.29.12.1825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth B Rodgers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Riaño CE, Otoya JP, Gentile JI, Mosquera W, Socarrás JA, Castro JM, Cano DJ. Pentalogía de Cantrell (ectopia cordis): reporte de un caso. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE CARDIOLOGÍA 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0120-5633(10)70254-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Gün I, Kurdoğlu M, Müngen E, Muhcu M, Babacan A, Atay V. Prenatal diagnosis of vertebral deformities associated with pentalogy of Cantrell: the role of three-dimensional sonography? JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2010; 38:446-449. [PMID: 20607852 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.20726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Pentalogy of Cantrell was diagnosed in a fetus at 14 weeks of gestation, on routine two-dimensional sonographic examination with Doppler imaging, which revealed a midline supraumbilical abdominal wall defect including herniated liver, an ectopia cordis without intracardiac anomalies, and a large omphalocele containing intestines. Although left unilateral club foot deformity was also detected as an associated anomaly in the same examination, severe lumbar lordoscoliosis was only detected by using three-dimensional sonography because of the spatial configuration of the deformity. After termination of the pregnancy, postnatal inspection of the fetus confirmed the diagnosis of pentalogy of Cantrell associated with skeletal deformities and revealed low implant ears as an additional finding. Although two-dimensional sonography with Doppler imaging is sufficient to diagnose pentalogy of Cantrell, it may fail to show the complex vertebral deformities and three-dimensional sonography may assist in visualizing the defect accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismet Gün
- GATA Haydarpaşa Training Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul, Turkey
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Singh N, Bera M, Sachdev MS, Aggarwal N, Joshi R, Kohli V. Pentalogy of Cantrell with Left Ventricular Diverticulum: A Case Report and Review of Literature. CONGENIT HEART DIS 2010; 5:454-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0803.2009.00375.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Outcome of children with Pentalogy of Cantrell following cardiac surgery. Pediatr Cardiol 2009; 30:426-30. [PMID: 19322603 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-009-9410-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2008] [Accepted: 03/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Although single individual reports have documented outcomes in children with pentalogy of are few data available for postoperative outcome of this cohort of patients after cardiac surgery. The aim of this study was to retrospectively review the clinical details of patients with pentalogy of Cantrell managed at two centers. Two cardiac surgical institutions retrospectively studied all patients with pentalogy of Cantrell and significant congenital heart disease who underwent surgical intervention, excluding PDA ligation, between 1992 and 2004. Seven children with pentalogy of Cantrell underwent surgical intervention at a median age of 60 days (range, 1-11 months). Three patients had tetralogy of Fallot, two double outlet right ventricle, one patient had tricuspid atresia, and one patient a perimembranous ventricular septal defect. The mean duration of postoperative ventilation was 112.8 days (range, 4-335 days) but three patients required ventilation for more than 100 days. Patients who had a preoperative diaphragmatic plication required a longer duration of ventilation (mean = 186.5 days [range, 100-273 days] compared with mean = 132 days [range, 4-335 days]). Four patients survived, with three patients weaned from ventilation. Three patients had withdrawal of care following failure to wean from ventilation, following multisystem organ failure, and at the request of their parents. In conclusion, the postoperative care of children with pentalogy of Cantrell after cardiac surgery is often complicated by prolonged need for ventilatory support and multiple postoperative complications. Earlier surgical intervention does not necessarily reduce morbidity and mortality. These data may help in the counseling of parents prior to surgical intervention.
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Ejaz S, Ejaz A, Sohail A, Ahmed M, Nasir A, Lim CW. Exposure of smoke solutions from CNG-powered four-stroke auto-rickshaws induces distressed embryonic movements, embryonic hemorrhaging and ectopia cordis. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:1442-52. [PMID: 19332102 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2008] [Revised: 02/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In south Asian countries, a campaign has launched to promote CNG-powered four-stroke auto-rickshaws (CNFAR) to decrease emission load in the environment. Even though, CNFAR are considered environmentally safe, emissions of some other toxic chemicals would amplify, which may effect the development of growing fetus and may result in different growth defects. By utilizing the in vivo chicken embryo model, this report analyzes the toxic potential of CNFAR smoke solutions (CNFARSS) on embryonic movements (EM) and cardiovascular development. Application of CNFARSS to embryos caused profound decline (p<0.001) in all four types of EMs. Several recovery attempts of all EMs were observed in oscillating fashion, however, EMs did not recover by the end of experiment. Exposure of CNFARSS escorted intense decline (p<0.001) with temperate recovery phases in the EM of tail. Macroscopic evaluation of all CNFARSS treated chicken embryos revealed several widespread hemorrhaging throughout the whole body. Moreover, four different types of ectopia cordis were prominently observed among all CNFARSS treated embryos, namely; incomplete ectopia cordis, complete ectopia cordis, cervico-thoracic ectopia cordis and thoraco-abdominal ectopia cordis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohail Ejaz
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology Unit, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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